... This class is designed to be an up to date summary of the last 10-20 years of observations relevant to Cosmology. ... Theory today is bombarded by a vast array of observational data but there remains no clear and preferred model for the origin and evolution of structure in the Universe. ... The inflationary paradigm and the nature of the Dark Matter - Inflation solves a lot of problems that are inherent in the standard Big Bang Model. ... Kinds of Dark Matter and Observational Constraints . ...

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... Design, fabrication and experimental studies of a novel device: Cold Electron Bolometer (CEB). ... The Cold-Electron Bolometer (CEB) proposed at Chalmers University is a novel device, which could be a turning point in realization of modern supersensitive detectors. ... The key element of my research is design, fabrication and studies of such terahertz band cold electron bolometer with attowatt sensitivity, to develop a novel type of bolometer in which electrons are cooled below the phonon...

... In spite of the good potential possibilities, some of the station "Dnepr" design characteristics did not allow us to apply the usual special IS radar measurement methods. ... Thus for IS signal measurements at the "Dnepr" station, we have developed special methods for recording and processing IS signals in order to determine plasma ionospheric parameters. ... Equations (4-5) from the basis for data post processing to obtain ionosphere parameters. ...

. I would like to thank Dr. Takahiro Kudoh and Dr. Sergiy Khan for the help with animation. -!>

... INTERCOSMOS 19 . ... The Intercosmos-19 satellite was designed for investigations of the topside ionosphere structure and electromagnetic processes in it. ... The instruments installed onboard Intercosmos-19 were designed and manufactured by scientists of Bulgaria, Poland, Czechoslovakia and USSR. ... The sounding data could be directly transmitted to a receiving station (direct mode) or be stored in the onboard memory device for a certain period and then sent to the Earth (recording mode). ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2001 February 13 . NEAR Spacecraft Survives Landing on Asteroid Eros . ... Explanation: Yesterday NEAR-Shoemaker became the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid and send signals back from its surface. Since the robot spacecraft was not designed for such a contingency , the success of the landing on asteroid 433 Eros was not assured. ...

... Astronomy news . ... Earth Seen By NASA's Moon Mapper On India's Chandrayaan-1 Spacecraft . A new image of Earth taken from 200 kilometers (124 miles) above the lunar surface was taken by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, one of two NASA instruments onboard the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. ... NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., designed and built the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and is home to its project manager, Mary White. ...

MICROSCOPES . ... In the last three to five years, LOMO has developed new lines of products, including new families of biological, fluorescent, and polarizing microscopes, night vision devices, consumer Maksutov telescopes, etc. ... 1939 Company introduces its first student and biological microscopes. as well as its first manual movie camera . ... 1956 LOMO produces its first wide-screen-format movie projector and introduces its first fluorescent microscope for chemical structure analysis. ...

... Divisions . ... Astrospectroscopy laboratory . Laboratory of Extragalactic Astrophysics and Cosmology . Laboratory for the Stellar Magnetism Study . Laboratory of spectroscopy and photometry of extragalactic objects . ... Observations Support Laboratory . Group of extragalactic systems investigation . ... Group of relativistic astrophysics . ... RADIO ASTRONOMICAL DIVISIONS . Radio astrophysics laboratory . ... Group of the Sun study . ... Laboratory for the Radio Astronomy Study . ...

The design of IAO-Diploma has academic (conservative) style. ... The first row consists of three cells. ... Second cell - logo of EAAS - Galaxy, negative image. ... The second row consists of one cell, two lines. ... Second line - words 'International Astronomy Olympiad'. ... There should be a text in English with the name of the awarded student, his or her team, explanation of awarding including the degree of Diploma and the Number of the International Astronomy Olympiad like: Adam Kohl . ...

... Sun . ... Solar study mission moves to next design stage . Slated for launch in 2018, Solar Probe Plus will orbit the Sun 24 times, gradually moving in toward the Sun with each pass. ... Two-thousand-degree temperatures, supersonic solar particles, and intense radiation т?? all of this awaits NASAт??s Solar Probe Plus during an unprecedented close-up study of the Sun. ... After launch, slated for 2018, Solar Probe Plus will orbit the Sun 24 times, gradually moving in toward the Sun with each pass. ...