... The hotter the gas, the faster they move, and the more energy each of them holds. The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much , much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ...

The Russian Parliament will soon consider a bill that would restructure the Russian space program, 35 years after the launch оf Sputnik. ... But the legislation's most striking and controversial feature is a provision that would ban testing and deployment оf space weapons ? including anti-satellite weapons and space-based missile interceptors. ... A draft bill was written by a group of experts within the Moscow Space Club, several of whom now work on space issues with the Russian Parliament. ...

Infrared Detector Array Links . ... Control Software Links . Optics Links . Micro-Optics Links . ... Optical Materials Databases . ... Atmospheric Database Links . Linux Links . ... Rockwell Science Center home page. ... Santa Barbara Research Center home page. ... CCD-World home page. ... SDSU home page. ... EPICS home page. ... Optics Society of America . ... Linux on Laptops ( local site and US home page ). ... Instrumentation Links * Gemini Project Links * Other IR Instruments ...

... About ATMoB . ... The ATMoB has established an email list server with various mailing lists for use by our members. ... This list has been established for use by ATMoB members, friends of members, and anyone interested in astronomy with a focus on things of interest to those in the greater Boston area. ... Notice: The owners of this server, the Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston, and any other sentient beings that happen to be involved assume no responsibility for any messages posted via this system...

THE RELATIVE MONTHLY MEAN SUNSPOT NUMBER ON FEBRUARY 2014 HAS MADE W feb.= 102.8, THAT GIVES FOR 61 MONTH (2013, JULY) DEVELOPMENT CURRENT 24 CYC- LES OF SOLAR ACTIVITY THE SMOOTHED MONTHLY MEAN SUNSPOT NUMBER W*june = 69.0 THE BEGINNING 24 CYCLES OF SOLAR ACTIVITY - I 2009 with W*=1.8 THE MOST PROBABLE TIME OF THE MAXIMUM OF THE CURRENT CYCLE- XI.2013 - I 2014 THE MOST PROBABLE HEIGHT OF THE MAXIMUM - Wmax = 68 - 75. ... 170.3 THE MONTHLY MEAN OF GEOMAGNETIC Ap-index ON 2014, FEBRUARY Ap feb.= ...

S AO's New Generation Multipurpose CCD Controller . ... In the 1990?s considerable advances have been made in the world over technology of manufacturing scientific image detectors with high photoelectric characteristics, which called for the creation of new complex array controllers to operate such detectors. ... very low readout noise; . ... Quite a few teams of researchers and engineers are ingaged in the development of controllers. ... development, SPICE modelling and design of modules; . ...

Please check the protocol.h file to be sure it selects your preference for a camera filter wheel. By default the system will expect the STL internal filter wheel with 5 filters. An external filter wheel option is available. Select #define FILTER_WHEEL EXT_FILTER_WHEEL and see the included directory for the IFW3 filter wheel for an example of how this is implemented.

... I.A.Dynnikov, Three-page approach to knot theory. ... Universal semigroup, Funktsional'nyi Analiz I Prilozhenija, 34 (2000), no.1, 29-40 (Russian); English translation in Functional Analysis and Its Appl. 34 (2000), no.1, 24-32. I.A.Dynnikov, Finitely presented groups and semigroups in knot theory. ... Math. 2000, no. ... English translation: Russian Math. ... A.Vershik, Numerical invariants of exponential groups, and a locally free approximation of braid groups (in Russian), Zapiski Nauchn. ...

MINUTES of the RadioAstron Teleconference on February 21, 2006 V. Slysh chaired the teleconference. ... Engineering model of the MFS (18-26 GHz) on-board receiver has been fabricated, and it is now under the testing in the ASC. The flight model is expected in April 2006. ... Operational time of 18-cm receiver was prolonged till the end of 2007 (as a launch date).The flight model of the 92-cm receiver will be delivered to the ASC in May 2007. ...

... We considered our current level of technology compared to that of an average alien civilization. Regardless of any modest value of L chosen?500 years, 5000 years, or longer?their level of technology is vastly advanced compared to ours. Thus, most science fiction gets it right by having advanced alien technology, but gets it wrong by not making them sufficiently advanced. ... What would alien civilizations at a distance of 100 or 1000 lightyears know of us (hypothetically)? ... Education . ...

MAKING THE PROFILES . First of all you are expected to load a FITS file ("FILE"-"LOAD"). ... By pressing the middle button you copy the profile from the first profile window to the second one. ... An example: first integral can correspond to the profile of active region and second integral can correspond to the profile of quiet chromospheric region. ... The second profile (which is subtracted from the first one) you extract after clicking on "SUBTRACT"-"MARK QUIET PROFILE" and marking the region. ...

... The NICMOS Parallel Program . Analysis . ... NICMOS observations made in parallel with the other HST instruments have produced an archive of over 2,000 images, covering a wide range of Galactic latitudes. ... The maximum sensitivity of these images is approximately 0.1 Jy, which should allow the detection of such astrophysically interesting sources as brown dwarfs in the solar neighborhood and star-forming galaxies out to z 3. ...

splitxyz - filter to divide (x,y,z[, distance ,heading]) data into (x,y,z) track segments . splitxyz [ xyz [ dh ] file ] -C course _ change [ -A azimuth / tolerance ] [ -D minimum _ distance ] [ -F xy _ filter / z _ filter ] [ -G gap _ distance ] [ -H [ nrec ] ] [ -M ] [ -N namestem ] [ -S ] [ -V ] [ -Z ] [ -: ] [ -bi [ s ][ n ] ] [ -bo [ s ] ] ... If xy _ filter is non-zero, the data is first divided into segments and then the x,y values of each segment are filtered separately. ...

... Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . Survey processing . ... VISTA is a 4-m class wide field survey telescope for the southern hemisphere, equipped with a near infrared camera (1.65 degree diameter field of view at VISTA's nominal pixel size) containing 67 million pixels of mean size 0.34 arcsec and available broad band filters at Z,Y,J,H,K s and a narrow band filter at 1.18 micron. A wide field visible camera, if constructed, could also be used on VISTA. ... Tile . ... ESO VISTA Public Surveys . ...

... Planets . ... Earth Satellites . ... The newly discovered ?mega-Earth? ... Its sibling, the lava world Kepler-10b, is in the background (the two planets? proximity is grossly exaggerated) .€а Kepler-10c has a diameter of about 29 000 km, 2.3 times as large as Earth, and weighs 17 times as much. ... The first mega-earth to be discovered is Kepler-10c which orbits a star lying about 560 light years from the Sun in the constellation Draco. ... Astronomers Find a New Type of Planet: The ?Mega-Earth? ...

This page is devoted to information on Supernova 1999dq in NGC 976 Basic information on this SN, including the last reported brightness, on this Supernova can be found on the main supernova page. Information on the original web pages for many of these images can be found on the Supernova links web page. Supernova 1999dq is the 24th LOSS discovery this year. ... VSNET Light curve (requires JAVA). ... vsnet-alert 3442 ] SNe 1999dp and 1999dq . vsnet-chat 2285 ] Host galaxy of SN1999dq . ...

... This year SSAU provides 1429 state-funded places for admission in all kinds and directions of educational programs. ... In addition, SSAU Admission Committee notes the substantial increase in interest from the foreign applicants this year. The number of applications from foreign countries has already surpassed last year's totals - 76 applications. Based on the experience of admission campaigns of previous years, SSAU expects summer 2014 to enrol about 150 foreign students in the university. ...

RTT150 . ... Image was taken in February 2002. CCD ST8 +A07 and RGB filters with 5 minute exposure in each filter. Total exposure is 30 minutes. ... RTT150, F/16, CCD ST-8E, filters R (exposure 0.11 s), G (0.18 s) and B (0.26 s). ... RTT150, F/16, CCD ST-8E, exposure 0.11 s. Orion trapezium. RTT150, F/7.7, CCD ST-8E, filter U, exposure 0.3 s. Atmosphere stability is better than 1".1. ... RTT150, F/7.7, CCD ST-8E, filters R, V, B, exposure 30 s in each filter. ...

Participants of the Workshop are housed in "Pulkovo Meridian" hotel. ... Registration fee for Workshop is 1000 Rubles. Accommodation and meals (lunches and dinners) are provided for the organizers and participants for this period. Participants will be able to order meals (lunches and dinners) the day before. ... This price includes a salad (150 g), a soup (300 g), a main dish (150 g), a side dish (150 g), and a beverage (200 ml). ... Copyright 2014. ... Accommodation and Meals | ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... What to expect from Comet PANSTARRS in February . ... So, if you live far enough south, to find Comet PANSTARRS in the morning sky February 1, look 1.5ТА southeast of the brighter of the two suns that make up the double star Arkab, also known as the Beta (ЮВ) star in the constellation Sagittarius the Archer . ... So, stay tuned to Astronomy.com for Comet PANSTARRS updates. ...