The radiation belts around the planets are the interrnal regions of planets' magnetospheres where the own magnetic field of a planet keeps the charged particles (protons and electrons) having the great kinetic energy. ... They usually distinguish the Earth's internal and external radiation belts. the internal radiation belt of the Earth has the maximum particles density (mainly protones) over the equator in the height of 22 thousand km. ... Jupiter and Saturn have the powerful radiation belts. ...

... Acceleration of particles in the vicinity of a massive black hole We propose a two-step mechanism for charged particle acceleration in the magnetosphere of a massive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Particles first gain energy by stochastic process during the accretion phase. It is shown that effective proton acceleration up to energies eV is possible in the turbulent magnetized accretion disk. ...

Dwarf novae are a subclass of cataclysmic variable stars in which a late-type secondary fills its Roche lobe and transfers mass to a white dwarf primary via an accretion disc. ... Those spiral structures are very similar to the spiral shocks discovered by Sawada, Matsuda & Hachisu (1986) in 2D finite difference numerical simulations in accretion discs. In this poster, we want to compare 2D numerical simulations of accretion disc with the observations of SH2 . ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

... We present here the first Lyman profiles taken at high spectral resolution ( 70m?) in the Jovian aurorae. ... This is attributed to radiative transfer effects on photons excited deep in the atmosphere by energetic charged particles from the magnetosphere. ... A complementary approach to these processes consists of remote-sensing of the Jovian aurorae, excited by precipitation of energetic magnetospheric charged particles along high latitude field lines. ...

... Shematovich, V.I . ... Shematovich, V. I. ; Bisikalo, D. V.; Marov , M. Ya . ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard J.-C. Superthermal particles in the planetary atmosphere. ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard, J.-C. The thermospheric odd nitrogen photochemistry : role of non-thermal N(4S) atoms (abstract) . ... Geophys ., ... Gerard, J.C., Shematovich, V.I., and Bisikalo, D.V. Effect of hot N( 4S) atoms on the NO solar cycle variation in the lower thermosphere (abstract) . ...

... Space Res., 12, 265, 1992 planetary magnetic dipole: Mizutani, H., et al., ... Astrobiology, 7, 167, 2007 CME induced H+ ion pick-up loss at 0.05 AU for ` Hot Jupiters ' HD209458 b Mass loss ~1011 g/s even for weak CMEs Mmax strong magn. protection in reality Exoplanet magnetospheres - importance of magnetodisk Relatively large amount of observed Hot Jupiters (27%): survival of close-in giants indicates their efficient protection against of extreme plasma and radiation conditions ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... I read in your archives that: "The black hole will slowly radiate away?. ... Since this represents energy leaving the black hole, it will slowly release all of its mass in this fashion." ... If a pair of particles is produced which gets its rest mass energy from the gravitational field of the hole, and one particle is lost, then there will be a decrease in the energy of the hole. ...

... part 1 | ... The Basic Stages in Earth's Pre-geological Development . ... After fragments of the Vortex sleeves separated, whirlwinds of second and third orders ("NC" - new micro-vortex) were generated- future planet cores and their satellites - all of them developing independently, governed by the common laws of development of cosmogenic vortexes. ... Our planet's core today is comprised of considerably deteriorated cosmogenic vortex; consequently, the Earth has a moderated magnetic field. ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... One of the rarest but most interesting effects which can be observed with the Irkutsk IS radar is anomal high power signal registraion(coherent echo) due to strong magnetic storms. ... These signals are formed at E-layer heights in the presence of a strong electric field which causes particles to drift. ...

Magnesium : a new probe of the thermosphere / exosphere region V. Bourrier, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Vidal-Madjar Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris/CNRS, Paris, France Atmospheric escape from HD209458b Transit observations in the Lyman- line of neutral Oxygen, carbon and silicium were also found in its Schlawin et al. 2010), carried away to high altitudes heavy species at high altitude: neutral ... 2003, Nature, 422, 143 Vidal-Madjar, A., DИsert, J.-M., et al. ...

Next: Radiopulsars as Sources of Up: Cosmic Rays and Evolution Previous: Cosmic Rays and Evolution . Presently, there is little doubt that galactic CR can be generated at rapidly expanding shock fronts produced by supernova explosions. ... Statistical properties of radiopulsars in our Galaxy indicate a formation rate of NS of about 1 per 10-20 years in the present cosmological epoch, while direct astronomical observations have so far not detected supernova explosions at this high rate. ...

Blackholes Forum Message . Forums: . ... Statments I Disagree With . ... The discovery of the electron reduced the amount of mass attributed to particles and increased the amount of mass associated with the energy of momentum. ... Einstein’s equation E = M x C^2 predicts that any energy added to a mass will cause that mass to increase. #4 appears to be the basis of your thinking. ... This equation is very nonlinear in energy vs mass. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ...

... RECOMMENDED VALUES OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS. ... This reference must be included when these constants are used in a context where their full accuracy is important. ... elementary charge (of proton) . ... gravitational constant . ... unified atomic mass constant . ... of electron . ... of proton . ... Planck constant . ... Rydberg constant, m 0 2 m e e 4 c 3 /8h 3 . ... fine structure constant, m 0 e 2 c/2h . ... Bohr radius, h 2 ( pm 0 c 2 m e e 2 ) . ... Bohr magneton, e h /2m e...

11 august 2014/Monday: Arriving, Registration . ... The variation of solar flare coronal X-ray source spatial properties. ... Melnikov V.F., Charikov Yu.E., Kudriavtsev I.V. Directivity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... E., Melnikov V.F. Angular characteristics of polarization degree of hard X-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... The thick target model and analytical calculations of the hard X-ray emission from solar flares. ...

Next: Imaging by an Optimizing Method . ... A big advantage of this numerical integrator is its stability: the error in the semi-major axis and the eccentricity depends only on the step size and does not grow with an increasing number of time steps. ... As the integration time increases, the numerical results become more contaminated by various errors. ... A new symplectic integrator produces no secular truncation errors in the actions of a Hamiltonian system. ...

2005, 31, 8, . ... 11) tg esc = Bm /B - 1 bm /b - 1 (8) (11), , 1 l2 b tg2 0 = bm /b - 1 1 = bm - b. (12) l2 tg2 0 (10) : K = K0 sin2 0 1 +b . ... f0 (K0 ) : dN (K0 ,0 ) = N0 f0 (K0 )dK0 2 sin 0 d0 , 31 8 2005 (12), Kesc = K0 bm sin2 0 . ... 2 8 2005 606 , 2.0 () 1.5 1.0 c 0.5 a 4 y 0 2.0 р 1.5 b 1.0 a 0.5 (·) b , , .. , : -esc N =N 0 esc /2 f ()2 sin d = (31) = N0 l b esc sin d sin2 + bl2 cos2 3/2 . ... K N0 : -esc c F =N 0 0 esc f (K,)KdK2 sin d; (46) 0.8 0.6 l 0.4 0.2 a 0 100 - esc (. (11)), -, . ...

... The main results of the research conducted on the MIR Station in various areas encompass: . ... More than 6700 experiment sessions were conducted on the Station . ... Methods and equipment for conducting repair and refurbishment activities were tested to extend the Station and hardware service life . ... More than 2450 experiment sessions were conducted . ... More that 130 experiment sessions were conducted . ... INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION | ... Official WEB-site of S.P.Korolev RSC Energia . ...

MAJOR MAGNETIC STORMS 1932-1997 ACCORDING TO THE Ap* CRITERIA To view a plot of the number of magnetic storms v.s. sunspots, go to ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/APSTAR/magstorm.gif A simpler global index of magnetic activity (other than Kp or Km) is produced in France from the K indices of two nearly antipodal magnetic observatories in England and Australia. ... An AA* index has been derived that is the counterpart of Ap* but is available for the longer span of years. ...