. Authors . Problem . Method . Advises . Contact Analysis of an accuracy of CCD asteroid observations carried out by professional and amateur astronomers . An accuracy estimation of CCD asteroid observations contained in the Minor Planet Center Database and carried out in the years 1999 - 2006 is realized. About 20 millions individual positions of the Numbered and Unnumbered Minor Planets were tested by means of calculations of (O-C) residuals to derive "mean error of a single observation" for more than 400

DIMM . ... 100 000 , 2007 ­ 2009 . ... S 0.2). ... 1 3 ) , D DIMM. s DIMM s= D r0 5/3 = 5 D 2 · l2,t , Kl,t (1 4 ) 1.0 S a 0.9 0.8 0.7 LE MTF SE MTF S a 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 5/3 7 8 9 10 s = (D/r0) . ... Smin > 0.45, Smin < 0.45, - DIMM, 7 - 8 . ... Smin > 0.45 ( ) Smin < 0.45 , . ... Smin > 0.3 7 l / 0.8 0.6 S o t 1.0 0.4 0.2 Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep 2008 2009 . ... 8 MASS/DIMM 2007 2009 , , , , . ...

Introduction to PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS (Selected 10 lectures) Boris V. Somov Astronomical Institute and Faculty of Physics Moscow State University Pushino-na-Oke, 2008 Contents Ab out These Lectures 1 Particles and Fields: Exact Self-Consistent Description 1.1 Liouville's theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Continuity in phase space . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 The character of particle interactions 1.1.3 The Lorentz force, gravity . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Collisional friction . . . . . . . . . . . .