... Electrons . ... 4a. Electric Fluid . ... First electric currents were brought up, in connection with Oersted's work. ... An electric current is essentially the continuous flow of electric charge. ... By long tradition, the direction of the electric current is defined as the direction in which positive charges move. ... Currents that flow may depend on such voltages, but don't look to Ohm's law for guidance, because the flow of current is primarily dictated by magnetic fields, which makes a...

... Electrons . ... 4a. Electric Fluid . ... First electric currents were brought up, in connection with Oersted's work. ... An electric current is essentially the continuous flow of electric charge. ... By long tradition, the direction of the electric current is defined as the direction in which positive charges move. ... Currents that flow may depend on such voltages, but don't look to Ohm's law for guidance, because the flow of current is primarily dictated by magnetic fields, which makes a...

There are two azimuth encoders. ... The first plots show the encoder difference versus azimuth (.ps) ( .pdf) : . Top plot: The encoder difference (in encoder units) versus azimuth angle. ... Bottom plot: the same plot with the vertical scale in degrees rather than encoder counts (there are about 6935 encoder counts in a degree). There is a positive going bump in the encoder difference at az=160 degrees and a corresponding negative going bump 180 degrees away. ...

This lesson is intended as a revision of basic direct-current (DC) circuits . It was discovered in the 19th century that certain materials (so-called ideal resistors) have a current through them I that is proportional to the potential difference (voltage) across them V. This is not a fundamental law of physics (like momentum conservation) but is an observed behavior which some materials roughly follow (like the friction law we covered earlier in the course). ... This equation is called Ohm's law. ...

... Units are separated by spaces, positive numbers denote powers, all units to the right of the slash are in the denominator (negative powers). Planck constant h . ... 6.0221367e23 particles/mol . ... Free electron gyromagnetic ratio gamma e . ... gamma p / (2 pi) = 42.576375 MHz/T . ... Gas constant R . ... The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty . CODATA Internationally recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants . ... Table of Fundamental Physical Constants (MIT) . ...

ON-LINE STATIC EIT RECONSTRUCTION SERVER . ... Static image reconstruction from the data measured in vivo is still intriguing problem in EIT. ... dipole (adjacent) current injection and voltage measurements on pairs of adjacent electrodes (like in Sheffield systems) . ... You can view examples of the text files for polar , dipole and trigonometric injection, use them for testing the server and find more details on HOW TO PREPARE INPUT FILE FOR THE ON-LINE EIT RECONSTRUCTION SERVER page. ...

... The WFPC2 CCDs have a small b ut significant charge transfer efficiency (CTE) problem which causes some signal to be lost when charge is transferred down the chip during readout. This has the effect of making objects at higher row numbers (more charge transfers) appear fainter than they would if they were at low row numbers. The effect depends on the temperature of the CCDs. ... It is also possible that proportional losses for fainter stars, at least with no background, may be larger. ...

... The constants and conversion factors are defined here as double precision values. ... flt_min the minimum single precision floating point number , excluding denormalised numbers minfloat the minimum single precision floating point number , including denormalised numbers dbl_min the minimum double precision floating point number , excluding denormalised numbers mindouble the minimum double precision floating point number , including denormalised numbers flt_max the maximum ...

... flspec computes the spectrum of the background fluctuations in EPIC Imaging data. ... Once the 'flatfielded' image is free from detected sources, its pixels are binned according to the input parameter binsize and classified as 'positive' (if they have more counts than the median in the image) and 'negative' pixels (less counts than the median). ... Once created, positive and negative spectra are subtracted to obtain the 'fluctuations' spectrum in each annular region. ...

... Archives . ... It refers to the spread in the measured energy of an incoming photon, and even astronomers often stumble over what it is and what it contains. ... The R edistribution M atrix F ile (RMF) is, at its most basic, a description of how the detector responds to incoming photons. ... The process of measuring the energy introduces a measurement error, which is encoded as the probability that incoming photons at energy E are read out in detector channels i . ... Comment ( RSS ) | ...

... I was six years old when I discovered I had the power of Zeus. By merely dragging my feet across a wool rug in my house, I could unleash lightning bolts -- well, some tiny sparks, at least -- on my mortal parents. ... Do you not believe that you, too, can make mini-lightning? ... When Nature works on larger scales like those of big, fluffy clouds in the atmospheres of Earth or mighty Jupiter, the sparks are even bigger, and the energy is enormous. ...

... 2 Time (UT) 02:05 X-ray BP behaviour Magnetic fragment behaviour A positive fragment emerges just at the side of a negative one. The negative one becomes stronger. ... These small ones become stronger and concentrated. and move away from the negative fragments toward another negative fragments pre-existed at the southeast. ... The positive fragments move closer to the southeast negative ones and cancellation begins. A few weak negative fragments move from north toward the positive fragments. ...

... We employ Stokes I and V LSD profiles of the co ol magnetic Ap star CrB, extracted for the elements Ti, Cr, Fe and Ba, to confirm systematic element-toelement differences in the longitudinal field variation of this star. ... 5 Mo deling the phase variations The longitudinal field and equivalent width variations of CrB potentially provide a useful method to probe the surface abundance distributions of this and other slowly-rotating magnetic stars. ...

... Credit Copyright: NASA Explanation: There are many things about lightning that are not understood. Lightning has been seen in the atmospheres of Venus , Earth , Jupiter , and Saturn . A leading theory is that collisions of particles in clouds cause large areas of positive and negative charge. When large oppositely charged areas get close enough together, electrons and/or ions race between them and create a path where more charged particles can follow - lightning. ...

... Trions are positively charged , namely, they are made by two holes and one electron, as shown by i an analysis of the PL polarization for resonant excitation of the heavy- and the light - exciton ground state , and ii the analysis of the Zeeman effect for the trion PL band in the Faraday geometry, i.e., for a magnetic field normal to the QW's. S0163-1829 99 10235-2 I. INTRODUCTION The stability of charged excitons ... PRB 60 FIG. ... FIG. ... 8899 FIG. ...

... Bad Astronomy . Misconceptions . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... The solar wind is electrically charged . ... Miscellaneous nonsense . ... It emits a wind of particles from its surface, called, of course, the solar wind. According to McCanney, this wind has a net positive charge because "it continually ejects large composite streamers of primarily protons in the solar wind" (from his book "Planet X Comets Earth Changes", page 54). ... 2008 Phil Plait. ... Check out my book "Bad Astronomy" . ...

Figure 1a. This figure shows the secondary tilts required to correct for transverse flexures of both the telescope truss and the secondary mirror mounts as the telescope changes altitude. ... The circles show the x-tilts of the secondary needed to minimize telescope coma and the squares show the y-tilts required. ... The small negative slope which seen in the y-tilt data is possibly real. ... However, the y-tilt data are very consistent with the y-tilts measured on August 14 (Figure 1a). ...

ALMA | ... Phase Correction Algorithms | ... On this page, we describe what the phase correction algorithms set out to do and the framework we have developed to optimally use all of the available information. ... We are developing a Bayesian framework to combine all the information we have about the current and future meterological conditions (which are naturally accommodated as priors in a Bayesian scheme) with detailed physical models of the atmosphere. ...

The CHIANTI database consists of 4 primary ASCII files for each ion in the database. contains the energy levels in cm^(-1) It includes both experimental data and theoretical values of the levels energies. References: %observed energy levels (n=2): Fuhr, J.R., et al., NIST Atomic Spectra Database" ver. ... NIST Physical Reference Data %observed energy levels (12,19,23-26,65-67,69,70,72-74,78-82,84,85): Fuhr, J.R., et al., ...