... The Introduction of Tech Pan film at the UK Schmidt Telescope . ... Emulsion fog, speed and LIRF . ... An effective, practical, hypering recipe and processing system was clearly required if the newly available large format Tech Pan on film was to compete with hyperered IIIa-F emulsion on glass. ... Most of the standard hypering recipes had little effect on the long exposure speed of Tech Pan on either film or glass, even with levels of treatment that would have completely fogged IIIa emulsions. ...