... Specifically historical data from IMP-8 had been used to scale the expected soft proton fluence that might lead to an XMM-Newton efficiency of operations. ... Magnetospheric scientists describe the bursts of protons as coming from magnetic reconnection events: "bursty reconnection" . H Evans reviewed the data obtained from the XMM-Newton Radiation monitor. ... XMM Orbit Environment . ... S Molendi Described analysis of excess background flare events which indicates they must be protons. ...