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Energy Density of Some Materials (KHW/kg)
Energy density storage drives the choices that can be made. Technology helps to drive this. At present energy storage in batteries is not sufficiently high to solve the basic problem.
Hence The Advanced Battery Consortium
Every form of energy generation has environmental
fall-out. Can we pick the best one globally and or locally? As long as the
decisions are driven by "voodoo" economics (i.e. heavy subsidy), intelligent
decisions are not likely to occur.
Most forms of alternative energy genearation require much less of an
organizational infrastructure. This means that a shift to alternative energies
means a loss of jobs. This is undesireable to most politicians.
Evaluation Criteria for Alternative Energies:
Evaluation |
Solar Thermal |
PV |
Hydro |
Wind |
OTEC |
Tidal |
GEO |
Biomass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capital Costs |
Large |
Large |
Enormous |
Moderate |
Enormous+ |
Enormous |
Small |
Small |
Operating Costs |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Neglegible |
Small |
Unknown |
Neglegible |
Small |
Moderate |
Efficiency |
15% |
5--10% |
80% |
42% |
7% + |
25% |
100% |
25% |
Renewable |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Erratic |
Yes |
Yes |
NO |
Maybe |
Storage |
Not Needed |
Unclear |
Built-IN |
Essential |
Not Needed |
Unclear |
Not Needed |
Not Needed |
Pollution |
None Really |
Waste Heat |
None |
Visual |
None |
None |
Steam Plumes |
Particulates; CO |
Levelized Costs |
25 cents KWH |
16 cents KWH |
4 cents KWH |
3.5 cents KWH |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Low |
Unknown |
Environmental Impact |
Moderate |
Large |
Enormous |
Small |
Unknown |
Outrageous |
Small |
Moderate |
Large Scale |
Too Expensive |
Possible but Expensive |
Proven already |
Very Possible |
The Solution |
Discrete Locations |
Discrete Locations |
Net Energy Gain? |
Small Scale |
NO |
Difficult |
Low Head --> Legal |
Definitely |
NO |
NO |
NO |
Absolutely |
Unit Capacity |
1000 MW |
Depends on Acreage |
2000-6000 MW |
Highly Variable |
As large as you need |
250 MW |
1000 MW |
50-100 MW |
Employment Opportunties |
Few |
Few |
Few |
Few |
Lots to build it |
Some |
Few |
Many |
What about Energy Storage?
Options:
We need better batteries period (also for electric vehicles): US is investing in this
Wind energy coupled with advanced battery design has real promise.
OTEC provides a truly large scale solution
Solar PV does not look economically viable on the large scale.