Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес
оригинального документа
: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/1999/ph162/l12.html
Дата изменения: Tue Apr 6 00:10:23 1999
Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 01:47:24 2012
Кодировка:
Поисковые слова: п п п п п п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п
|
Energy From the Wind
Wind Energy: Production Line Sources
Major Goals for US Wind Production:
to install 10,000 MW of capacity in the U.S.;
to build a $4 billion domestic wind industry capable of delivering 3,000 MW
annually;
to create tens of thousands of new, long-term, skilled jobs;
to achieve levelized costs below four cents per kilowatt-hour;
to make wind power a major option in achieving the nations global
climate change objectives; and
to make the U.S. wind energy industry the worlds technology leader and
lowest cost supplier.
Remember where the Wind Blows in the US:
Where the
wind blows on the Internet There are a lot
of startup utilities engaged in this enterprise
California Wind Production Report
Costs:
- American Wind Energy Association claims levelized costs to be
4.3 cents per KWH
- Electrical
Power Research Insitute claims the 1993 levelized cost was 7.3 cents
per KWH and is projected to be 3.5 cents per KWH by the end of 1998/
- In 1980, the levelized cost was about 25 cents per KWH
- Projected future costs are 3-3.5 cents per KWH
- Lower costs reflect economies of scale and improved turbine
design
Domestic Production in California:
- 1992: Wind produced 1.1% of total electricity used
- 15,000 wind turbines located at Altamont Pass (East of San Francisco),
Tehachapi (near Bakersfield) and San Gorgonio Pass (near Palm Springs)
- This is 54% of the world's production! (Denmark has 20%)
- Peak capacity is 1600 MW
Other States:
- Southwest Minnesota --> 25 MW capacity sold at 5 cents per KWH
- Planned 100 MW facility for Northern Minnesota for 1996 to be sold
at a cost of 4.2 cents per KWH
- State law in Minnesota --> by 2002 wind energy capacity should
reach 425 Mega Watts
Potential Wind Capacity at Some Locations in the US:
Note: Total electrical energy generated by fossil-fuel plants
in 1990 was 2000 billion KWH
Some Large Scale Projects:
Aleutian Project --> Stretch turbines out over the entire
1300 mile chain. Use electricity to create Hydrogen. Liquefy
the Hydrogen and ship it to California.
Great Plains I: --> One turbine Tower per square mile stretched
out from Texas to Canada.
Problems: (?)
- In some locations it will be difficult to connect to the
existing grid --> therefore make hydrogen or store energy in batteries
- Installations may be unsightly (but so is air pollution)
- Could interfere with functions on agricultural land
- Susceptible to storm damage (tornado alley) so replacement
costs have to be well-calculated
- They are a hazard to migrating birds
- Worse of all - they could potentially interfere with TV reception
Conclusions:
- Price of wind power is coming down.
- There is enormous capacity
- Wind power is a lot more promising that Solar PV production
line facilities
- Energy storage, however, is still a problem
- Costs to the consumer will only be competetive if mass production
of wind turbines is achieved
Previous Lecture
Next Lecture
Course Page