Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://xray.sai.msu.ru/sciwork/zelmanov/Curriculum.ps Дата изменения: Mon Mar 7 16:22:36 2005 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 04:07:40 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: gravitational lens

Curriculum vitae of O.S.Khovanskaya
PERSONAL DATA
Name
 Surname: Khovanskaya
 Middle name: Sergeevna
 First name: Olga
Nationality and Date of Birth
 Place of Birth: Moscow, Russia
 Present nationality: russian
 Nationality at birth: russian
 Date of birth: 1977 - April - 23
 Sex: Female
Address of Institute
 Dr. O.S. Khovanskaya, Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow
State University (SAI MSU), Universitetsky prospect 13, room 31
 Moscow
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 Russia
 tel.+7 095 9395006
 fax.+7 095 9328841
 e-mail. khovansk@xray.sai.msu.ru
Home Address
 O.S. Khovanskaya, 125057 Alabyana street, 5-136,
 Moscow
 Russia
 tel. +7 095 1981701; +7 916 5392536
 zip code: non
Mailing Address: Institute Address
FIELD OF INTEREST
Gravitation and cosmology.
EDUCATION
 Graduated in Applied Mathematics Department of Moscow State Avi-
ation Institute (Moscow, Russia), completed by diploma N 0
0873122 in
mathematics in 03.01.2000.
 Ph.D in Physical Department of Moscow State University (Moscow,
Russia) in astrometry in 15.05.2003, N 0
100391. The title: "Possible
observation evidences of strong gravitational elds".
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SCIENTIFIC EMPLOYMENTANDACADEMIC
RESPONSIBILITY
University Period of duty Academic responsibilities
Moscow State 1 April 1994- student
Aviation Institute, 31 January 2000
Applied Mathematics
Department
(Moscow, Russia)
Moscow State University, 1 November 2000- post-graduate
Physical Department 15 May 2003 student
(Moscow, Russia)
Moscow State University, 1 September 2003 junior researcher
Sternberg Astronomical till now
Institute
(Moscow, Russia)
AWARDS
 The First Place for Competition in Honor of Yu. Gagarin (Moscow,
Russia, 1999)
 The John Templeton Foundation and the Peter Gruber Foundation
Cosmological Prize for Young Researcher Competition at the Science
& Ultimate Reality Symposium in Honor of J.A.Wheeler (Princeton,
New Jersey, USA, 2002)
 The Personal Grant of Russian Foundation "INTEGRATSIYA" for
special one month course in Astronomical Observatory in Naples, Italy
(Moscow, Russia, 2004)
 The Personal One Year Grant of Moscow State University for young
researches (Moscow, Russia, 2005)
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SUMMARY OF RESEARCH
My scientic eorts are distributed in three main areas.
The rst part, which was the subject of my diploma and my PhD work,
was theoretical one and was dedicated to search of possible relations between
modern experimental cosmology and multidimensional fundamental strings'
theories. More in details, to nd observed consequences of Hawking evapora-
tion of microscopic primordial black holes (PBH) in frames of perturbative
approach of 4D string gravity.
It is suspected that PBHs formed in the Universe when it was extremely
dense from the strong density space-time uctuations. None of primordial
black holes have yet been spotted. In a very strong gravitational eld at the
expense of a quantum eects a black hole can lose its mass that is evaporated.
The less mass it possesses, the more intensive evaporation process occurs.
Therefore the quantum eects are most important for small black holes, that
is the PBHs.
One rather mysterious problem of a modern theoretical physics has been
a question about the nal stage of PBHs Hawking evaporation.
It is known that superstring theories and M-theory are possible approaches
to unify quantum theory and gravity. In the frames of the perturbative ap-
proach, 4D string gravity is described by the low-energy eective action.
Except Einstein term this action usually includes dilaton, Yang-Mills elds
and the higher order curvature corrections. Therefore new types of black hole
solutions, and new types of singularities, absented in classical General Rel-
ativity, appear. Einstein equations are modied by higher order curvature
corrections in the range where the curvature of space-time is rather great in
compatible with Planck value.
One of the most important result of this work was the determination of
the restriction on the PBH mass and time stability of such remnant. Such
restriction appears in high order curvature gravity in 4D string gravity and
is absent in the Einstein gravity.
Therefore in the frames of string theory the possibility that PBHs are not
evaporated completely, exists. In this case some primordial remnant remains.
If these remnants exist they can form a part of a dark matter in the Universe
and can be detected by their decaying into high energy particles (possible
explanation of GZK-eect).
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The second subject was more experimental and connected with Cosmic
Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) data analysis.
The polarization of CMBR is a powerful observational tool at hand for
modern cosmology. It allows to break the degeneracy of fundamental cosmo-
logical parameters one can not obtain using only anisotropy data and provides
new insight into conditions existing in the very early Universe. Many experi-
ments are now in progress whose aim is detecting anisotropy and polarization
of the CMB. Measurements of the CMB polarization are however hampered
by the presence of polarized foregrounds, above all the synchrotron emission
of our Galaxy, whose importance increases as frequency decreases and dom-
inates the polarized diuse radiation at frequencies below ' 50 GHz.In the
past the separation of CMB and synchrotron was made combining observa-
tions of the same area of sky at dierent frequencies. In this work we showed
that the statistical properties of the polarized components of the synchrotron
and dust foregrounds are dierent from the statistical properties of the polar-
ized component of the CMB, therefore one can build a statistical estimator
which allows to extract the polarized component of the CMB from single
frequency data also when the polarized CMB signal is just a fraction of the
total polarized signal. Our estimator improves the signal to noise ratio for
the polarized component of the CMB and reduces from ' 50 GHz to ' 20
GHz the frequency above which the polarized component of the CMB can
be extracted from single frequency maps of the diuse radiation.
My present eld of interest brings together the theoretical and experi-
mental cosmology and is dedicated to search of cosmic strings, predicted by
physical theories of early Universe. In details, we have to clarify the nature of
very peculiar object named CSL-1 (Capodimonte-Sternberg-Lens Candidate
N 0
1), which is probably the rst case of gravitational lensing of a galaxy by
cosmic string.
In modern cosmology it is supposed a complex structure of a dark matter
and it is believed to consist from dierent types of matter which change both
spectrum of primordial uctuation and transfer function. One of the possible
candidates for such type is cosmic string. Cosmic string have not never been
observed yet.
By russian-italian group it was discovered and studied in details a peculiar
double source CSL-1. The detailed photometry of CSL-1 shows that two
extended images are well t by de Vaucouleurs law, indicating two giant
weak elliptic galaxies with absolute magnitude 22.3, linear separation about
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20 Kpc, redshift 0.46. The undistorted and almost circular isophotal shapes
(obtained after careful adaptive smoothing of the data and removal of the
bright central regions)in all bands allow us to conclude that two system are
not interacting. The absence of emission lines and the presence of the typical
absorption features conrm that we are dealing with early type systems. The
spectra of two components are identical with a condence level higher than
99.9 % . The spectra have been obtained in Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
(TNG, 3.58 m, Canar.Isl.) and in New Tecnology Telescope (NTT, 3.58 m,
ESO, La Silla, Chile). Even in our deepest images (24.5 in R band) we cannot
see any trace of a lens between our two images this implying that if CSL-1
is the product of gravitational lens, such a lens should be a dark one and do
not distort the isophotes of CSL-1 extended components. We can also rule
out the possibility that the peculiar morphology of CSL-1 is produced by a
very unlikely strong dust lane which should have a perfectly tailored shape
and, in any case could not match simultaneously the observed proles at the
various wavelenghts.
There are only two possibilities to explain the nature of CSL-1.
The rst one is that we are dealing with very unlikely chance alignment
of identical galaxies.
The second one is that CSL-1 has gravitational nature and it is produced
by gravitational lensing of a galaxy by cosmic string.
There are two main methods to conrm or disprove the cosmic string
interpretation of CSL-1.
The rst one is to obtain high resolution images where to look for the
sharp peculiar signatures left by the cosmic string lensing mechanism. How-
ever. the required resolution is obtainable only with long exposures with
HST.
The second and more eective one is to look for an excess of gravitational
lensed images along the cosmic string. The alignment of the background
object inside the string decit angle is a stochastic process determined by
the area of the lensing strip and by the surface density distribution of the
extragalactic objects which are laying behind the sting. All lensed objects
will fall inside a narrow strip dened by the decit angle. The process looks
like a creation of a new "milky way"of galaxies. We inspected a region of the
OACDF centered on CSL-1, where in the case of cosmic string scenario we
expect to nd a minimum of 7-9 lens candidates. This scenario seems to be
supported by the fact that using very deep photometric multiband data and
very strict morphological, photometric and colorimetric selection criteria we
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identied 11 lens candidates which now need to be conrmed by spectroscopic
observations.
If we accept the interpretation of CSL-1 as a gravitational lens produced
by a cosmic string, it is possible to derive the scale of energy at which the
symmetry breaking occurred. The physical mechanism which produces cos-
mic strings is related to the phase transition in the early Universe. This phase
transition took place when the temperature of the Universe fell below a crit-
ical temperature dened by some energy scale which, on the other hand,
denes the unication of physical interactions and, probably, also the main
parameters of the ination.
The distance between the peaks of two images 2 00 of CSL-1 roughly cor-
responds to the "decit angle"of the string as 4  10 7 m 2
P l
. We can estimate
the mass scale of symmetry breaking as 2  10 15 GeV, which is predicted
by cosmic string theory and is in reasonable agreement with extrapolated
accelerator data.
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY
 "International Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology", Moscow,
Russia, 1-7 October 2001.
 "Science & Ultimate Reality Symposium in Honor of J.A.Wheeler",
Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 15-18 March (2002) Peter Gruber Prize.
 "New Frontiers of Relic Radiation Physics", College de France, Paris,
France, 25 March - 19 April (2002).
 "International School-Seminar Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Gravi-
tational Lensing", Moscow, Russia 19-21 June (2002) member of LOC.
 "International School-Seminar Cosmology, Extragalactic Astronomy,
and Applied Astrophysics", Zvenigorod, Russia, 1-4 March (2004) ple-
nary talk, secretary of LOC.
 "Wide Field Imaging from Space Conference", Berkeley, California,
USA, 16-18 May (2004).
 "QUARKS-2004", Pushkinogorie, Russia, 25-30 May (2004).
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 "COSMION-2004", Moscow-San-Petersburg-Paris-Medon, Russia-France,
2-15, 20-26 September (2004) plenary talk.
 "22nd Texas Symposium at Stanford University", Palo Alto, California,
USA, 13-17 December (2004).
and talks in:
 Zelmanov Memorial Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology, Sternberg
Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia, 12 February (2003).
 Universita di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Naples,
Italy, 16 November (2004).
 SETI, California, USA, 16 December (2004).
PUBLICATIONS
1. S.O.Alexeyev, O.S.Khovanskaya Additional study of a restriction
on the minimum black hole mass in string gravity Grav.Cosmol.
6 (21), 14-18 (2000).
2. O.S.Khovanskaya Black holes in higher curvature gravity Grav.
Cosmol. Suppl 8 (2), 67-68 (2002).
3. O.S.Khovanskaya Dilatonic black hole time stability Grav.Cosmol.
8 197-200, (2002).
4. S.O.Alexeyev, M.V.Sazhin, O.S.Khovanskaya Parameters of the Early
Universe and Primordial Black Holes Astronomy Letters 28 3,
139-142 (2002).
5. S.O.Alexeyev, A.Barrow, G.Bowdole, M.V.Sazhin, O.S.Khovanskaya A
Simple Model for the Evaporation of Black Holes at Final
Stages Astronomy Letters 28 7, 428-433 (2002).
6. S.O.Alexeyev, A.Barrow, G.Bowdole, O.S.Khovanskaya, M.V.Sazhin
Black hole relics in string gravity: last stages of Hawking evap-
oration Class. Quant.Grav. 19 4431-4444 (2002).
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7. M.V.Sazhin, G.Sironi, O.S.Khovanskaya Separation of foreground
and background signals in single frequency measurements of
the CMB polarization New Astronomy 9 2, 83-101 (2004), astro-
ph/0306250.
8. M.V.Sazhin, G.Longo, M.Capaccioli, J.M. Alcala, R. Silvotti, G. Cov-
one, O.S.Khovanskaya, M.V.Pavlov, M.Pannella, M.Radovich, V.Testa
яSL-1: chance projection eect or serendipitous discovery of
a gravitational lens induced by a cosmic string? MNRAS 343 2,
353-359 (2003).
9. M.V.Sazhin, O.S.Khovanskaya, M.Capaccioli, G.Longo, J.M. Alcala, R.
Silvotti, M.V. Pavlov Search for Gravitational Lenses Near the
Extragalactic Double Object CSL-1 Astronomy Letters 31 2, 73-79
(2005), astro-ph/0406516.
10. O.S.Khovanskaya, M.V.Sazhin CSL-1: projection eect accepted by
Astron. Zhurnal (2005) (in russian).
11. O.S.Khovanskaya, M.V.Sazhin, M.Capaccioli, G.Longo Possible Ob-
servation of a Cosmic String Expanded version of proceedings of the
International Conference "Wide Field Imaging from Space", Berkeley,
California, USA, 16-18 May, 2004 accepted by New Astronomy Reviews
(2005).
12. M.V.Sazhin, O.S.Khovanskaya, M.Capaccioli, G.Longo Possible Ob-
servation of a Cosmic String Electronic proceedings of the Interna-
tional Conference "QUARKS-2004", Pushkinogorie, Russia, 25-30 May,
2004 http://quarks.inr.ac.ru (2004).
13. M.V.Sazhin, M.Capaccioli, G.Longo, O.S.Khovanskaya CSL-1: First
Evidence for Lensing by a Cosmic String? Proceedings of the
International Conference "Thinking, Observing and Mining the Uni-
verse", Sorrento, Italy, 22-27 September, 2003, edited by G. Miele, G.
Longo World Scientic Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd. 265-271 (2004).
14. M.V.Sazhin, O.S.Khovanskaya, M.Capaccioli, G.Longo Possible Ob-
servation of a Cosmic String Proceedings of the International Con-
ference "COSMION-2004", Moscow - San-Petersburg - Paris - Medon,
Russia - France, 2-15, 20-26 September (2004).
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15. E.V.Ivanova, O.S.Khovanskaya Eective curvature of the Universe
under observations of remote objects submitted to Pis'ma v As-
tron. Zhurnal (2005) (in russian).
16. O.S.Khovanskaya, M.V.Sazhin, M.Capaccioli, G.Longo Possible Ob-
servation of a Cosmic String Proceedings of the International Con-
ference "22nd Texas Symposium at Stanford University", Palo Alto,
California, USA, 13-17 December, 2004 SLAC Electronic Conference
Proceedings Archive, http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf, in press (2005).
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