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Дата изменения: Tue Feb 25 19:05:34 1997 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 14:11:39 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: jupiter |
Next: Roche
lobe overflow (stage Up: Principal
Evolutionary States of Previous: Main-sequence
stars (stage I)
The star leaves the main sequence and goes toward the red (super)giant region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (as before, the star still does not fill its RL). The duration of this stage for a binary component is no longer a function of the stellar mass alone (as in the case of single stars), but also depends on the initial binary type (A, B or C) (Iben and Tutukov, 1985, 1987[74, 75]):
The radius of the post-MS star rapidly increases (on a thermal time-scale)
and reaches characteristic giant values. For most of
the period it is burning helium the star has such a large radius. In the
framework of our approximate description, we take the radius of the giant
star to be equal to the maximum value, which depends strongly on the mass
of its core (
) and is calculated according to Webbink's mass transfer modes as follows:
This maximum radius can formally exceed the RL size; in such cases,
we put it equal to
during our stage II. Binaries with compact companions are the most sensitive
to this crude approximation, so we overestimate, for example, the number
of X-ray pulsars. However, these stage are less important
for our analysis than the stages with RL-filling companions. Of course,
a more detailed treatment of normal star evolution (given, for example,
by Pols and Marinus, 1994[163])
can reduce such uncertainties.
Luminosities of giants are taken from De Jager (1980)[41]:
Radii of (super)giants are determined by using the effective temperature
and luminosities. Typical effective temperatures are taken from Allen (1973)[4]: