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Дата изменения: Sat Feb 22 23:56:22 1997
Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 14:10:12 2012
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Поисковые слова: carl sagan

Contents

• Introduction
• Observational Zoo of Binaries with Compact Stars
• Evolutionary Scenarios of Binary Systems
  • Principal Evolutionary States of Normal Stars
    • Main-sequence stars (stage I)
    • Post main sequence stars (stage II)
    • Roche lobe overflow (stage III)
    • Wolf-Rayet and He stars (stage IV)
  • Stellar Winds From Normal Stars
  • Change of Binary Parameters: Mass, Semi-major Axis and
    Eccentricity
    • Mass change
    • Semi-major axis change
  • Special Cases: Supernova Explosion and the Common Envelope
• ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators
  • A Gravimagnetic Rotator
  • The Environment of the Rotator
  • The Stopping Radius
  • The Stopping Radius in the Supercritical Case
  • Effect of the Magnetic Field
  • The Corotation Radius
  • Nomenclature
  • A Universal Diagram for Gravimagnetic Rotators
  • The Gravimagnetic Parameter
  • Evolution of Magnetic Rotators
    • The evolution equation
    • The equilibrium period
  • Evolutionary Tracks
  • Evolution of Magnetic Rotators in Non-circular Orbits
    • Mixing types of E-P-A binary systems with non-zero orbital
      eccentricity
    • Ejector-propeller hysteresis
    • E-P transitions for different orbits
• The Scenario Machine: Operational Guide
  • Notes on Monte-Carlo Simulations
  • Dependence on the Scenario Parameters and Initial Distributions
  • How to Catch ``Rare'' Tracks
  • Principles of Scenario Machine Operation
  • Calculation of Evolutionary Tracks
• Initial Distributions of Binary Parameters
  • Star Formation Rate and Normalization of Stellar Populations
• Restrictions on the Scenario Parameters
  • Basic Observational Data for Determination of f(q) and
  • The COOC Criterion (Criterion of Observations versus
    Calculations)
  • Test of the Initial Mass-Ratio Distribution
  • Phenomenological Kick Velocity
  • The Effect of Kick Velocity on Binary Pulsar Populations
  • Binary Pulsar Diversity and High Neutron Star Birth Velocity
  • X-ray Galactic Sources and Binary Radiopulsars as Probes of the Initial Mass Ratio f(q) and Kick Velocity w
• Artificial Galaxy: Full Matrix of Stages
• Massive X-ray Binaries
• Ejectors in Massive Binary Systems
  • The Evolutionary Status of Radiopulsars in Massive Binary
    Systems
  • The Number of Ejectors in Binaries
  • Why do Radiopulsars not Usually Form Pairs with Normal Stars?
  • Caverns in Binary Systems
  • The Effect of Relativistic Wind on Accretion Flow Parameters
  • The Radiopulsar PSRB1259-63 - a Probe in the Stellar Wind Plasma
  • Why must a radiopulsar coupled with an optical star have high
    eccentricity?
  • The ``Reflection'' Effect
  • Other Candidates for Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems
    • Cyg X-3
    • Periodic radiosource LSI+61 303
• Black Holes in Binaries
  • Black Hole Creation in Massive Binary Systems
  • Binary Radiopulsars with Black Holes
  • Cyg X-1 as a Progenitor of BH+PSR Binaries
  • PSR B0042-73 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• X-ray Luminosity Evolution
• Cosmic Rays and Evolution of Binary
  Systems
  • Supernova Explosions
  • Radiopulsars as Sources of Cosmic Rays
• Population Synthesis of X-ray Sources at the Galactic Center
  • The Model
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusions
• Sky in Gravitational Waves
  • Gravitational Wave Sky: An Overview
  • Model of the Galaxy
    • Frequency distribution of galactic binaries
    • Structure of the Galaxy
  • Transparency of the Stochastic Background
  • Galactic Gravitational Wave Background
  • Extragalactic Gravitational Wave Background
  • Gravitational Wave Background from Individual Galaxies
  • Critical Frequencies and Gravitational Wave Detector Halfwidth for Extragalactic Observations
  • Amplitude Distribution
  • A Gravitational Wave Map of Nearby Galaxies
    • Gravitational waves from supernova explosions
  • Gravitational Waves from Coalescing Compact Binary Stars
    • Gravitational wave background from nearby galaxies
• Evolution of Supernova Explosion Rates in the Universe
  • The Supernovae Rates
  • - Dependence for the Supernova Explosions
  • - for Supernova Explosions
  • Results and Discussion
• Evolution of the Double Neutron Star
  Merging Rate andthe Cosmological Origin of Gamma-ray Burst Sources
  • Calculation of Binary Neutron Star Coalescence Rates
  • Effect of sources evolution on - distribution and
    -test
  • Conclusions
• Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects
• References
• Index
• About this document ...

The Scenario Machine:
Binary Star Population Synthesis

V.M. LIPUNOV , K.A. POSTNOV and
M.E. PROKHOROV

Faculty of Physics, Moscow University,
Moscow, 117234 Russia
Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow University,
Moscow, 119899 Russia

Abstract:

In the early 1980s, it gradually became clear that the level of understanding of stellar evolution theory, on the one hand, and the variety of astrophysical properties of stars observed in numerous space experiments, on the other hand, approached a point where in order to interpret the discovery of each new exotic source one had to invent an individual evolutionary scenario. This situation urgently required development of a general approach that would include both the complete evolutionary scenario of the joint evolution of normal and compact stars and numerical simulations of this evolution (a Scenario Machine) (Lipunov, 1982a[98]). Here, a review is given describing the Scenario Machine and the main results obtained over recent years. The most recent results and a demonstration version of the Scenario Machine are available at our WWW site http://xray.sai.msu.su/.