exceptions

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Дата изменения: Wed Jan 7 09:18:04 2004
Дата индексирования: Sat Mar 1 15:07:37 2014
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exceptions

exceptions (built-in)

Python's standard exception class hierarchy. Before Python 1.5, the standard exceptions were all simple string objects. In Python 1.5, the standard exceptions were converted to classes organized into a relatively flat hierarchy. String-based standard exceptions were optional, or used as a fallback if some problem occurred while importing the exception module. With Python 1.6, optional string-based standard exceptions were removed (along with the -X command line flag). The class exceptions were implemented in such a way as to be almost completely backward compatible. Some tricky uses of IOError could potentially have broken, but by Python 1.6, all of these should have been fixed. As of Python 1.6, the class-based standard exceptions are now implemented in C, and are guaranteed to exist in the Python interpreter. Here is a rundown of the class hierarchy. The classes found here are inserted into both the exceptions module and the `built-in' module. It is recommended that user defined class based exceptions be derived from the `Exception' class, although this is currently not enforced. Exception | +-- SystemExit +-- StopIteration +-- StandardError | | | +-- KeyboardInterrupt | +-- ImportError | +-- EnvironmentError | | | | | +-- IOError | | +-- OSError | | | | | +-- WindowsError | | | +-- EOFError | +-- RuntimeError | | | | | +-- NotImplementedError | | | +-- NameError | | | | | +-- UnboundLocalError | | | +-- AttributeError | +-- SyntaxError | | | | | +-- IndentationError | | | | | +-- TabError | | | +-- TypeError | +-- AssertionError | +-- LookupError | | | | | +-- IndexError | | +-- KeyError | | | +-- ArithmeticError | | | | | +-- OverflowError | | +-- ZeroDivisionError | | +-- FloatingPointError | | | +-- ValueError | | | | | +-- UnicodeError | | | +-- ReferenceError | +-- SystemError | +-- MemoryError | +---Warning | +-- UserWarning +-- DeprecationWarning +-- SyntaxWarning +-- OverflowWarning +-- RuntimeWarning

Classes



Exception

StandardError

ArithmeticError

FloatingPointError
OverflowError
ZeroDivisionError

AssertionError
AttributeError
EOFError
EnvironmentError

IOError
OSError

ImportError
KeyboardInterrupt
LookupError

IndexError
KeyError

MemoryError
NameError

UnboundLocalError

ReferenceError
RuntimeError

NotImplementedError

SyntaxError

IndentationError

TabError

SystemError
TypeError
ValueError

UnicodeError

StopIteration
SystemExit
Warning

DeprecationWarning
OverflowWarning
RuntimeWarning
SyntaxWarning
UserWarning

class ArithmeticError(StandardError)

           Base class for arithmetic errors.


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class AssertionError(StandardError)

           Assertion failed.


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class AttributeError(StandardError)

           Attribute not found.


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class DeprecationWarning(Warning)

           Base class for warnings about deprecated features.


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class EOFError(StandardError)

           Read beyond end of file.


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class EnvironmentError(StandardError)

           Base class for I/O related errors.


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class Exception

           Common base class for all exceptions.


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class FloatingPointError(ArithmeticError)

           Floating point operation failed.


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class IOError(EnvironmentError)

           I/O operation failed.


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class ImportError(StandardError)

           Import can't find module, or can't find name in module.


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class IndentationError(SyntaxError)

           Improper indentation.


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class IndexError(LookupError)

           Sequence index out of range.


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class KeyError(LookupError)

           Mapping key not found.


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class KeyboardInterrupt(StandardError)

           Program interrupted by user.


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class LookupError(StandardError)

           Base class for lookup errors.


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class MemoryError(StandardError)

           Out of memory.


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class NameError(StandardError)

           Name not found globally.


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class NotImplementedError(RuntimeError)

           Method or function hasn't been implemented yet.


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class OSError(EnvironmentError)

           OS system call failed.


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class OverflowError(ArithmeticError)

           Result too large to be represented.


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class OverflowWarning(Warning)

           Base class for warnings about numeric overflow.


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class ReferenceError(StandardError)

           Weak ref proxy used after referent went away.


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class RuntimeError(StandardError)

           Unspecified run-time error.


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class RuntimeWarning(Warning)

           Base class for warnings about dubious runtime behavior.


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class StandardError(Exception)

           Base class for all standard Python exceptions.


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class StopIteration(Exception)

           Signal the end from iterator.next().


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class SyntaxError(StandardError)

           Invalid syntax.


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class SyntaxWarning(Warning)

           Base class for warnings about dubious syntax.


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class SystemError(StandardError)

           Internal error in the Python interpreter. Please report this to the Python maintainer, along with the traceback, the Python version, and the hardware/OS platform and version.


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class SystemExit(Exception)

           Request to exit from the interpreter.


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class TabError(IndentationError)

           Improper mixture of spaces and tabs.


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class TypeError(StandardError)

           Inappropriate argument type.


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class UnboundLocalError(NameError)

           Local name referenced but not bound to a value.


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class UnicodeError(ValueError)

           Unicode related error.


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class UserWarning(Warning)

           Base class for warnings generated by user code.


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class ValueError(StandardError)

           Inappropriate argument value (of correct type).


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class Warning(Exception)

           Base class for warning categories.


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class ZeroDivisionError(ArithmeticError)

           Second argument to a division or modulo operation was zero.


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