Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.stecf.org/conferences/adass/adassVII/reprints/mizumotoy.ps.gz Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Mon Jun 12 18:51:47 2006 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 04:05:11 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: ultraviolet

Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems VII
ASP Conference Series, Vol. 145, 1998
R. Albrecht, R. N. Hook and H. A. Bushouse, e
Ö Copyright 1998 Astronomical Society of the Pacific. All rights reserved.
ds.
The Distributed Analysis System Hierarchy (DASH ) for
the SUBARU Telescope
Y. Mizumoto, Y. Chikada, G. Kosugi 1 , E. Nishihara 2 , T. Takata 1 and
M. Yoshida 2
National Astronomical Observatory, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan
Y. Ishihara and H. Yanaka
Fujitsu Limited, Nakase, Mihama, Chiba 261, Japan
Y. Morita and H. Nakamoto
SEC Co. Ltd. 22­14 Sakuragaoka, Shibuya, Tokyo 150, Japan
Abstract. We are developing a data reduction and analysis system
DASH (Distributed Analysis Software Hierarchy) for e#cient data pro­
cessing for the SUBARU telescope. We adopted CORBA as a distributed
object environment and Java for the user interface in the prototype
of DASH. Moreover, we introduced a data reduction procedure cube
(PROCube) as a kind of visual procedure script.
1. Introduction
The purpose of DASH is e#cient data processing for the SUBARU telescope
which will produce up to 30TB of data year. This data production rate requires
high computational power and huge mass storage capacity. DASH is, therefore,
designed as an observatory system for astronomical data reduction and analy­
sis, which cooperates with the SUBARU observation software system and the
data archival system. DASH is, of necessity, designed for a distributed heteroge­
neous computer environment; considering role sharing and joint work. We adopt
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) for a distributed en­
vironment platform and Java for the user interface objects. As the first step of
the development, which is a three year project, we made a prototype of DASH
for trial of the new computer technology such as CORBA and Java.
1 Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
2 Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, Kamogata­cho, Okayama 719­02, JAPAN
332

Distributed Analysis System Hierarchy for SUBARU 333
2. Design Concept and Requirement of DASH
The requirements of the data reduction system for SUBARU telescope are the
following;
1. DASH has an enriched function of data management. The data man­
agement cooperates with SUBARU data archives and database (Ichikawa
1995, Yoshida 1997). It can collect all kind of data necessary for data
reduction from the SUBARU data archives using Observation Dataset,
which is produced by the SUBARU observation control systems (Kosugi
1996). The Observation Dataset is a set of information about acquired
object frames, related calibration frames such as a bias frame of CCD, and
others. The data management also keeps track of temporary files that are
created during data reduction process.
2. DASH can be used on a distributed heterogeneous computer environment.
In particular, the console or operation section of DASH must work on
many kinds of computers (workstations and PCs).
3. It is easy to assemble a suitable processing pipeline with the steps chosen
through a series of data processing trials.
4. DASH aims at open architecture. We intend to use applications from
widely used astronomical data reduction packages such as IRAF and Eclipse
within DASH.
According to the above requirements, we chose the following line;
1. We adopt CORBA as a distributed object environment (Takata 1996).
2. We adopt Java for the operation section or user interface of DASH. The
user interface is defined on the character basis. A Graphical User Interface
(GUI) is built on it.
3. We use object oriented methodology. We acquire new experience in object
oriented analysis and design of software development.
3. DASH System Architecture Model
We analyzed the data reduction system of astronomical CCD images and made
a restaurant model shown in Figure 1. The model has 3 tier structure. The
first tier is ``Chef '' which corresponds to the user interface or console section.
The second tier is ``Kitchen'' and ``Books''. The third tier is composed of ``Ware
House'' which is the data server or data archives, ``Cooks'' which is analysis task
or CPU server, and ``Books'' which is the database. These components are on
the network computers. Each tier is linked through the Object Request Broker.
4. PROCube
PROCube is an object that unifies the whole process of the data reduction of
an astronomical object frame (CCD image). It handles processing flow together

334 Mizumoto et al.
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Object Request Broker
( Task Info.,
PROCube Info,
Image Info. )
DB
Chef
Kitchen
Cooks
Dish
Ware House
Books
Data
Viewer
Wrapper
Data
Viewer
Object
SUBARU
DA/DB System
PROCube
Mass Storage
PROCube
Editor
PROCube
Status
Viewer
Books
Search
eclipse
Task
Exec
Control
Object
Analysis
Task
Object
Ware House
Object
Image Data,
Obs. Log
Books
Object
for User
Books
Object
for Public
Books
Object
for Group
Analysis
Task
Wrapper
Image Data
( DAQ Data,
STD. Calib,
Calibrated Data )
IRAF
Task
skycat
SAOtng
Figure 1. Restaurant model of DASH
PROCube
Standerd Bias
Creation
Bias
Subtraction
Standerd Dark
Creation
Dark
Subtraction
Standerd Flat
Creation
Flat
Fielding
Sky
Subtraction
Sky
Subtraction
Calibrated data
Standerd Dark
Creation
Dark
Subtraction
Dark frame
Standerd Flat
Creation
Flat
Fielding
Flat frame
Standerd Bias
Creation
Acquired
data
Bias frame
Bias
Subtraction
Figure 2. PROCube
with image data. Figure 2 shows a PROCube like a 3 dimensional flow chart.
The X­axis is the kind of image frame, the Y­axis is the number of image frames,
and the Z­axis is the flow of reduction. The base bricks of the cube stand for
raw data files of an object frame and related calibration frames to be used
in the reduction process. The apex of the cube corresponds to the resultant
file. PROCube is a kind of visual procedure script which can be executed by
``Kitchen''. A log of its execution is also recorded in the PROCube. Abstract
PROCube that is extracted from the executed PROCube works as a procedure
script with a variable of an object frame. The abstract PROCube can be used
for the pipeline.

Distributed Analysis System Hierarchy for SUBARU 335
5. Prototype of DASH
We made a prototype for a feasibility study of DASH in a distributed heteroge­
neous computer system using CORBA (ObjectDirector2.0.1), Java (JDK1.0.2),
and Web. Some tasks of IRAF 2.11b and Eclipse 1.3.4, and Skycat 1.1 are
used as an analysis engine and an image viewer using a wrapping technique.
PROCube is also implemented in the prototype.
The prototype is tested and evaluated on a small scale system. We used two
workstations (Solaris 2.5.1 J) connected through FibreChannel switch (266Mbps)
and two personal computers (Windows 95 J). The four computers composed a
distributed computer system using Ethernet (10baseT). This computer system
is isolated from the other networks.
6. Results from the Prototype
A data reduction system implemented the PROCube is realized on the network
computers using CORBA as a platform for the distributed software environment.
The prototype works well on a system composed of 2 server workstations and
2 client PCs. From a client PC, 2 server workstations look like one network
computer.
The wrapping of an existing software package as a CORBA object is not
easy and it takes a long time to study details of the package. Eclipse and Skycat
were easier to wrap than IRAF. A series of data reduction processes can be
done with a PROCube that uses IRAF tasks and Eclipse tasks together. The
PROCube is able to work as a data reduction pipeline. Parallel processing of
the tasks is realized in one PROCube. It is confirmed that parallel processing is
e#ective for I/O bound tasks.
Problems or disadvantages of the prototype also become clear. CORBA and
Java are still under development. So, the products CORBA and Java may have
some unsatisfactory features as well as bugs. Tasks for image data reduction are
I/O bound in most cases. It is important in data transfer to harmonize perfor­
mance of the network with that of disk I/O. NFS through 10Mbps Ethernet is
not satisfactory for data transfer of large image files.
Data reduction with a PROCube may create a lot of temporary files, which
eat a lot of disk space. Yet it is hard to manage lifetimes of temporary files in
a PROCube.
References
Ichikawa, S., et al. 1995, in ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 77, Astronomical Data Analysis
Software and Systems IV, ed. R. A. Shaw, H. E. Payne & J. J. E. Hayes
(San Francisco: ASP), 173
Yoshida, M., et al. 1997, in ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 125, Astronomical Data Analysis
Software and Systems VI, ed. Gareth Hunt & H. E. Payne (San Francisco:
ASP), 302

336 Mizumoto et al.
Kosugi, G., et al. 1996, in ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 101, Astronomical Data Analysis
Software and Systems V, ed. George H. Jacoby & Jeannette Barnes (San
Francisco: ASP), 404
Takata, T., et al. 1996, in ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 101, Astronomical Data Analysis
Software and Systems V, ed. George H. Jacoby & Jeannette Barnes (San
Francisco: ASP), 251