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Andromeda Nebula.
In the XVIII century the great English astronomer William Gershel included this galaxy into the observed stars congestions.
At the beginning of the XX century Edvin Hubble came to the conclusion that Andromeda Nebula is an out of galaxy object. From the 20th years of the XXth century this nebula was studied as a single galaxy.
What is this nebula interested for? It is a great spiral galaxy 1,5 times more than our galaxy - The Milky Way. The Milky Way and Andromeda Nebula are the greatest objects of the local group of galaxies. Other members of this proup (40 in number) are significantly less.
Andromeda Nebula is not the nearest galaxy to ours but its structure looks like the structure of our Galaxy.