Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642).

From his childhood Galileo Galilei learnt a lot. In 1589 he became a professor of mathematic of Piza University, where he delivered lectures on geometry, phylosophy of the astronomy nature. He opened a workshop for making tools and devices including his own inventions.

In 1597 Galilei corresponded with Johann Kepler, who sent to Galilei his first book "The Universe Mysteries" written according Copernican positions. Galilei answered to Kepler that he shared Copernic's views.

October 10, 1604 a new star unknown before appeared in Snakebearer constellation. In the maximum glitter it was more powerful than Jupiter. Galilei observed it to the end of 1605. Now we know that it was a flash of a super new star in our galaxy.

In May of 1609 the rumours reached Venice that a telescope was invented in Holland. Galilei began to make the similar tool in his workshop. He made telescopes with 3-time and 30-time magnification, the last was the best teleskope of that time. This telescope with the help of which Galilei performed his discoveries is kept in museum of Florence.

First of all Galilei observed the Moon. He saw the lunar landscape - the circus and the craters, mountains and the picks as well as several big dark spots, which he called the seas. The lunar surface was similar to the terrestrial one.

At the end of 1609 and in the begining of 1610 Galilei started the first sky observation with the help of his telescope. He found out that the Milk Way is the great star congestion. At night on the 7-th of January 1610 Galilei discovered three small stars near Jupiter. Later on he was convinced that he saw the satellites of Jupiter. They stayed naer it but only changed their position according Jupiter. In March 1610 "The Star Bulletin" by Galilei appeared notified all the world about new astronomic discoveries. But the official scientific world met "The Star Bulletin" distrustfully. Galilei sent the book to Kepler and asked for support. Kepler's answer was the "Conversation", which contained thoughts which Galilei could not or did not want to accept. Mostly Kepler saw farther than Galilei , understanding that planets were influenced by the Sun. Galilei believed that the celestial bodies did not interact.

In October 1610 Galilei opened the phases of the Venus, looked like the phases of the Moon.The scientist came to a conclusion that Venus and other planets did not shine but only reflected the Sun light. The planet phases changed in such a way that it became undoubtedly. Venus turns not around the Earth but around the Sun. Then Galilei discovered dark spots on the sun. New discoveries proved Copernic's system of the world.

In 1623 the scientist was blamed in infringing of the church's prohibitions, that is why the last years of his life Galilei spent under the rigorous supervision of inquisition.

The most of all wonders is that I opened four new planets and observed their own movement and the movement according each other and according the other stars. These new planets are mooving around the other great star as well as Venus, Mercury, and perhaps the other known planets are moving around the Sun".

(Galileo Galilei.)

After 340 years Rome Pope Joann Paul II thought about Universe structure as well as Galilei. He declared the persecution of Galilei unfair and exonerated him.