2) Within a few decades, there was a popular hypothesis about the possibility for primary young galaxies with low metalicity and the first wave of star formation in the history of these galaxies to be found in the relatively close neighborhood of our galaxy. As a sample of galaxies of this type the 1Zw18 galaxy has been always called for. Using the Hubble Space Telescope images, we carried out stellar photometry for 1Zw18 and for the first time we had found in this galaxy red giants with the age of several billion years, which immediately rejected the hypothesis that the galaxy was young.

Tikhonov N.A., Astronomy Letters, V.33, Iss.3, p.137, 2007.

3) Dynamical and photometrical (near-infrared, in K-band) characteristics of 183 groups and clusters of galaxies located in the regions of superclusters of galaxies Hercules, Leo, Ursa Major, Bootes, Corona Borealis and outside superclusters having radial velocities in the interval 0.012<z<0.09 (+ Virgo cluster) based on the archival data from the SDSS, 2MASX, NED catalogues are determined. The IR-luminosity of the systems of galaxies mainly corresponding to the luminosity of old stars from early-type galaxies allows to the first approximation to estimate their masses according to the correlation between dynamical mass and IR-luminosity. For systems of galaxies in the regions of the Hercules and  Leo superclusters the dwarf-to-giant ratio of galaxies in the r-band is evaluated, and it is found that this ratio increases with increasing X-ray luminosity at log L_X > 43.5 erg/s.

Kopylova F.G., Kopylov A.I., Ast. Bull. 64, 1, 2009.
Kopylova F.G., Kopylov A.I., 2011, Astron. Lett., 37, 219, 2011.
Kopylova F.G., Astroph. Bull. 68, 253, 2013.
Kopylova F.G., Kopylov A.I., Astron. Lett., 39, 1, 2013.
Kopylova F.G., Kopylov A.I., Ast. Bull. 70, 123, 2015.

4) Using the data of catalogues of SDSS DR7-8 we investigated the peculiar motions of groups and clusters of galaxies in the regions of Ursa Major, Hercules, Leo and Bootes superclusters. For this purpose, we compiled a samples of ealy-type galaxies in them and determined the fundamental plane distances and peculiar velocities. For all superclusters of galaxies is Hubble's law between the radial velocity and distance obtained by the fundamental plane of early-type galaxies. Within their regions the following peculiar motion rms deviations along the line of sight are observed: 736±50 km/s in Hercules, 625±70 km/s in Leo, 370±50 km/s (rich clusters) in Bootes and 290±120 km/s in UMa.

Kopylova F.G., Kopylov A.I., Astron. L. 33, 211, 2007.
йНОШКНБЮ т.ц., йНОШКНБ ю.х., нРВЕР яюн пюм, 2012.
Kopylova F.G., Kopylov A.I., 2014, Astron. L. 40, 595, 2014.

5) The study was performed of four complex (bimodal) Abell clusters with difference of radial velocities between the subclusters of about 3000 km/s, which may be due either to the gravitational interaction between very massive clusters at a collision on the line close to the line-of-sight or the projection along the line-of-sight of non-connected clusters. Using observational data from the 1-m telescope of SAO RAS and data of the SDSS catalogue we measured photometric relative distances (by the Kormendy relation and the fundamental plane) and revealed the structure of clusters A1035, A1569, A1775 and A1831. It is found that subclusters in these clusters are not bound gravitationally, and for them the Hubble law is obeyed.

Kopylov A.I., Kopylova F.G., Ast. Bull. 62, 311, 2007.
Kopylov A.I., Kopylova F.G., Ast. Bull. 64, 207, 2009.
Kopylov A.I., Kopylova F.G., Ast. Bull. 65, 205, 2010.
Kopylov A.I., Kopylova F.G., Ast. Bull. 67, 17, 2012.