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Physical Constants and Astronomical Data

Physical Constants and Astronomical Data

New! Try my Physical Calculator. It is a JavaScript calculator with all of the constants below programmed into it.

Physical Constants

(converted to CGS units from the NIST Constant Index)
Name Symbol Number Exp CGS Units Relative Error
(ppm)
speed of light in a vacuum c 2.99792458 10  cm s-1 exact
Planck constant h 6.6260755(40) -27  erg s 0.60
hbar 1.05457266(63) -27  erg s 0.60
Gravitational constant G 6.67259(85) -8  cm3 g-1 s-2 128
Electron charge e 4.8032068(14) -10  esu 0.30
Mass of electron me 9.1093897(54) -28  g 0.59
Mass of proton mp 1.6726231(10) -24  g 0.59
Mass of neutron mn 1.6749286(10) -24  g 0.59
Mass of hydrogen mH 1.6733 -24  g --
Atomic mass unit amu 1.6605402(10) -24  g 0.59
Avagadro's number NA 6.0221367(36) 23 0.59
Boltzmann constant k 1.380658(12) -16  erg k-1 8.5
Electron volt eV 1.6021772(50) -12  erg ~0.60
Radiation density constant a 7.5646 -15  erg cm-3 K-4 --
Stefan-Boltzmann constant \sigma 5.67051(19) -5  erg cm-2 K-4 s-1 34
Fine structure constant \alpha 7.29735308(33) -3 0.045
Rydberg constant R\inf 2.1798741(13) -11  erg 0.60

Note: a "--" in the error column means that I have not found a good source for that constant, so the value quoted is just an approximation

Astronomical Units/Data 

NAME                    SYMBOL  NUMBER  EXP     CGS UNITS
----------------------------------------------------------------
Astronomical unit	AU	1.496	13	cm
Parsec			pc	3.086	18	cm
Light year		ly	9.463	17	cm
Solar mass		Mo	1.99	33	g
Solar radius		Ro	6.96	10	cm
Solar luminosity	Lo	3.9	33	erg s-1
Solar Temperature	To	5.780	3	K
----------------------------------------------------------------

NAME	MASS (g)  RADIUS (cm) PERIOD (yr) SEMI-MAJOR (AU) ECCENTRICITY
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Mercury	3.303 26  2.439  8    2.4085  -1  3.87096  -1     0.205622
Venus	4.870 27  6.050  8    6.1521  -1  7.23342  -1     0.006783
Earth	5.976 27  6.378  8    1.00004  0  9.99987  -1     0.016684
Mars	6.418 26  3.397  8    1.88089  0  1.523705  0     0.093404
Jupiter	1.899 30  7.140  9    1.18622  1  5.204529  0     0.047826
Saturn	5.686 29  6.000  9    2.94577  1  9.575133  0     0.052754
Uranus	8.66  28  2.615  9    8.40139  1  1.930375  1     0.050363
Neptune	1.030 29  2.43   9    1.64793  2  3.020652  1     0.004014
Pluto	1.    25  1.2    8    2.47686  2  3.991136  1     0.256695
----------------------------------------------------------------------

A Few Conversion Factors

CGS --> SI Multiply by
centimeter (cm) meter (m) 10-2
gram (g) kilogram (kg) 10-3
erg Joule (J) 10-7
dyne (dyn) newton (N) 10-5

Other Information Sources

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Last updated:5/14/96
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