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Rectangular Format Cameras
Princeton Instruments rectangular format cameras are ideal for many specialized imaging applications, including full color imaging, one dimensional imaging, or any application requiring high resolution along only one dimension.
Princeton Instruments offers a number of cameras with rectangular format CCD arrays. These cameras are ideal for the following applications, discussed in greater detail below. u u u u u u Multispectral and full color imaging Capturing multiple images on a single CCD Spatial and spectral imaging Spatial and temporal imaging Streak camera readout One dimensional imaging

Spatial and Spectral Imaging
Some applications require both spatial and spectral information from the subject being imaged. As an example, the spatial information may be related to mechanical/physical characteristics and the spectral information to chemical or temperature characteristics. This type of information can be acquired by focusing the image of the subject onto the input slit of an imaging spectrometer. The image at the output has one spatial and one spectral dimension. If multiple frames are acquired in this manner as the image is scanned across the input slit of the spectrometer, a three dimensional data set can be acquired, with two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension. This allows simultaneous imaging of an almost unlimited number of wavelengths (hyperspectral imaging). It also allows software definition of the wavelength ranges to be acquired, providing maximum flexibility. Princeton Instruments can provide interfaces to almost every modern commercial spectrometer.

is supported by Princeton Instruments Model ST-138 Camera Controller and WinView software.

Streak Camera Readout
Many streak cameras have rectangular formats, designed to provide either high spatial resolution or high temporal resolution. For these applications, a rectangular CCD array matched to the streak tube provides the optimal image capture system.

One Dimensional Imaging
One dimensional imaging is most frequently achieved with linear CCD arrays. While these are economical, their sensitivity and dynamic range are generally quite low (typical width is 7-10 µm, typical dynamic range only 2,000:1). If a rectangular CCD array with charge binning along the narrow axis is used instead, it can provide one dimensional sensing with 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitivity than a one dimensional array. High dynamic range (over 200,000:1) can also be provided.

Multispectral and Color Imaging
To capture images at multiple wavelengths simultaneously, one can either use multiple cameras, a single camera with multiple CCD arrays, or a single camera with a rectangular array. Princeton Instruments uses the latter approach. Princeton Instruments has developed the Multiviewer, an optical system that splits the light from a subject into multiple paths, filters them independently, and then focuses them side by side on a rectangular CCD array. The Multiviewer system and its features are described in more detail in the Optics/Accessories section of this catalog.

Special Applications

Spatial and Temporal Imaging
If a slit image is focused on a CCD array, or if the array is masked so that only one row can detect light, then a very rapid burst time sequence can be acquired by shifting charge in the direction perpendicular to the slit on the CCD array. The masked region of the array is used as an analog storage area. Once the storage region is filled, the burst is over and the CCD is read out normally. The resulting image has one time axis and one spatial axis. Charge can typically be shifted on a large CCD array in 2-20 microseconds per row, depending on the array. This technique therefore provides an effective pixel rate during the exposure time of up to 100 MHz, 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than can be achieved with most scientific CCD arrays. In addition, because the CCD readout is decoupled from the exposure, readout can be done at slow scan rates, achieving very low readout noise and high dynamic range. This form of CCD operation Princeton Instruments

Rectangular Format CCD Cameras
Princeton Instruments offers cameras based on the rectangular CCD arrays in the table on the previous page. Contact your sales representative for detailed specifications. All of these cameras are available with thermoelectric cooling (air and/or water used for heat dissipation), or with liquid nitrogen cooling. Intensified models with either 18 or 25 mm intensifiers are also available. The intensifier can be fiberoptically coupled to the CCD (for maximum sensitivity) or lens coupled (for moderate sensitivity and greater flexibility). Two Princeton Instruments CCDs listed in the table are available as antireflection coated, back illuminated arrays, with sensitivity optimized for either the UV/Vis or Vis/NIR spectral region. Front illuminated arrays can be offered with a Lumogen (UV scintillator) coating. Any of these cameras can also be provided with various coatings or scintillators for X-ray imaging. 83

Capturing Multiple Images on a Single CCD
In some work, it is necessary to capture multiple images simultaneously. This can be done with multiple cameras, but this approach is expensive and incurs synchronization problems. It is possible with inexpensive optics to project multiple images side by side on a single CCD array. These images might be of the same subject from different perspectives, of different subjects, or of the same subject at different magnifications. Simultaneous capture of these images on one CCD ensures that there is no timing difference between the images. Use of a rectangular format CCD allows each of the three images to be square or nearly square. Fax: 609-587-1970