CCD Applications

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CCD Applications

EEV began the development of CCDs in 1980, working with the GEC Hirst Research Centre CCD group in
England. In 1985 EEV began the production of high quality imaging CCDs in a dedicated silicon wafer
fabrication facility. The Company's 5" wafer facility, housed in Class 10 and Class 100 clean rooms, has
full processing capability with ion implantation, furnacing, etching and lithography. Additionally, there is an
established post-processing capability which includes back-thinning, laser annealing, scintillator and anti-
reflection coating, fibre-optic and filter coupling, and comprehensive packaging facilities. With a wide product
base and flexible application engineering team with wide experience at all levels of qualification and testing,
EEV is able to address the most demanding of scientific, military, industrial, medical and TV
sensor requirements.

EEV's CCD design, applications, engineering and test teams are available to discuss customer requirements
in detail. The Company prides itself on its open and friendly approach in providing innovative solutions to
its customers' technical problems.

Click here for more information on:

CCDs for Video, Spectroscopy & Science

Courtesy of Photometrics	EEV manufactures CCD sensors for TV, spectroscopic and scientific imaging with on-chip, very low noise output amplifiers (2e^- rms noise equivalent signal); high speed designs allow operation above 35MHz. Variants of most types are available including IMO/MPP, lumogen coating for improved UV response, scintillators for X-ray detection, A-R coating and back illumination for enhanced QE, open electrode structures, fibre-optic couplers and intensified versions. EEV also fabricate on high resistivity, deep depletion epitaxial silicon for special applications. Inverted Mode Operation (IMO), also referred to as Multi-phase Pinned (MPP), is available across the product range. This achieves typically 200 times less dark current than a standard CCD, allowing longer integration times for spectroscopic and scientific applications. EEV has developed Advanced IMO (AIMO) structures to minimise the reduction in full-well capacity normally associated with IMO/MPP structures and they are now available on spectroscopic and other imaging sensors.
	EEV can also supply CCDs for X-ray imaging in several formats depending on the user's application and energy of X-ray photons.
		Deep depletion, high resistivity silicon substrate sensors for direct imaging
		Scintillator coatings
		Coated fibre-optic faceplates for high energies
	EEV is able to assist the user in selecting the optimum CCD coating solution for their needs.
As a major supplier of CCD sensors for European and North American space missions much work has been undertaken to characterise the performance of EEV's sensors when subjected to various radiation types and doses. The proprietary and unique process used by EEV to manufacture all of its CCD sensors means that our sensors achieve levels of radiation tolerance not available from other manufacturers. EEV have designed structures which can allow sensors to be used in applications previously reserved for vacuum tube technology. Data sheets are available for all EEV scientific sensors. EEV application notes relevant to the use of our sensors are also available.

Space Applications

EEV is the chosen supplier of CCD sensors in instruments for several European Space Agency programs and has successfully participated in missions from North America and other parts of the world. The company has broad experience in this field of leading edge technology which demands high levels of qualification and reliability. EEV designs, develops, manufactures, qualifies and tests to suit a variety of reliability and cost situations.

Highly complex CCDs specifically developed for space applications include ultraviolet, visible and near infrared spectroscopy for atmospheric monitoring, and imaging spectroscopy for earth observation. EEV's competence in this area is underlined by its participation in the formulation of the ESA standards for the use of CCDs in space. The specialised requirements of X-ray astronomy have been achieved in four different instruments to date, using a variety of technological innovations to improve energy resolution, energy range and quantum efficiency.

EEV's understanding of the importance of radiation effects on CCDs in space environments has led to the development of techniques to prevent or reduce the performance degradation in this challenging environment.

In-house facilities for environmental testing, and a close relationship with specialist subcontractors allow EEV to offer most evaluation, qualification, screening or acceptance testing regimes at reasonable cost. Sophisticated packaging techniques using space qualified materials, allow EEV to optimise the thermal, mechanical, optical and practical aspects of designs to suit requirements.

EEV has qualified and supplied a number of space programs including the following: Viking, Freya (Canada); Rosat, (Germany); Uosat, Jet-X, Jet-XAM, & XMM-OM (UK); ENVISAT (MERIS & GOMOS), XMM-EPIC and XMM-RGS (all ESA); Cubic (SAC-C) (USA).

Military/Defence Applications

EEV has a significant level of experience in the supply of high performance CCDs, intensified CCDs and imaging sub-assemblies for use in demanding military applications.

Our customers include both US and European military OEMs and our scope of supply can include qualification programs and a commitment to providing long term production support.

The sensors supplied include very high resolution video sensors (more than 1000 pixels per line) in 525, 625 and 875 line formats. Our intensified CCD sensors include first, second and third generation intensifier modules and hybrid intensifier combinations for state of the art low light level TV imaging.

Complementing our CCD sensor capability is our CCD camera capability which has enabled us to offer both CCD and intensified CCD imaging sub-assemblies into a variety of military imaging systems, including both ground based and airborne applications.

Healthcare - Medical Imaging Applications

	The superior performance of EEV CCDs is acknowledged worldwide. The Company's capabilities include large area sensors, radiation hard CCDs, proprietary scintillator and phosphor deposition, fully packaged sub-assemblies and complete electronic units. EEV's medical imaging personnel and applications engineers' experience is used to support our customers in developing their products. EEV is an established supplier of:
	*Intra-oral Dental X-ray Systems -*	Fully packaged and cabled CCDs for real time X-ray detection with superior image quality and a patient dose reduction of 80%. Sensors are radiation hard and do not require fibre optic protection. The sensors incorporate a printed scintillator screen optimised to +70 kVp X-rays. Features: 20mm x 30mm image area; 42mm x 25mm x 5.8mm package; 44µm pixel size; 456 x 684 imaging pixels; 500ms readout; 10lp/mm limiting response; EMC qualiied.
*Panoramic Dental X-ray Sensors -*		CCDs with fibre optic tapers which can be butted together to provide a scanning array for panoramic dental X-rays. Arrays operate in time delay and integration (TDI) mode with large area coverage and less than 100µm dead space between adjacent imaging areas. The sensors incorporate a printed scintillator (100µm thickness) screen optimised to 60 kVp X-rays and have short phosphor decay time to avoid image smearing during scanning. Features: 26µm pixel size; 256 x 1024 imaging pixels; maximum 5MHz readout frequency; 26.62 x 6.66mm active CCD area; 1:3:1 magnification (nominal) fibre optic taper.
*Mammography Imaging Systems -*		For needle core targeting: real time single-shot images, coupled with the benefit of low patient dose is achieved using low noise full-frame CCD assemblies. For full field screening: Arrays can be optimised to meet stringent imaging requirements achieving the high resolution of film but with improved contrast. The devices' high reliability and quality of image support high patient throughput systems. Features: 26µm pixel size; 256 x 1024 imaging pixels; maximum 5MHz readout frequency; 26.62 x 6.66mm active CCD area; 1:3:1 magnification (nominal) fibre optic taper; scintillator options (phosphor/CsI); up to 18lp/mm limiting resolution; advanced inverted mode operation dark current suppression. Small area mammography sensors are as follows: 22µm x 22µm pixel size; 1242 x 1152 imaging pixels; 28 x 26mm CCD image area; nominal 5 x 5cm input area; 1:2 magnification (nominal) fibre optic taper; scintillator options (phosphor/CsI); maximum 5MHz readout frequency; advanced inverted mode operation dark current suppression; up to 18lp/mm limiting resolution.

This page last changed 19th June 1998.

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