. : http://www.sao.ru/Doc-k8/Science/Public/Bulletin/Vol62/N1/p102.pdf
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(x2 , x2 , t2 , t2 )

dc = f /D.

1,1 V

c = 0.36

G "
var( )

h

| 8

6 d

6

6 ! 6 6 "

6 " e r

var( )



0 D /

(x1 , x2 , t1 , t2 )

2 1

d

c

d = f /r

var( )

f E f B



D/r

-1/2

1





c



2 2

=

L



6 f
0

A d t

" w

"



" G | G

f





f

! " f

6 6

d d d f f 2

& 6 6 G G " " h x 6 H 6 2 e d d 6 f ~ h G f 6 6 " G d ` d ` d ! f 9 d "

f 6 B " U d 6 d " 6 G

i Bs hp Gv k jm v e " 6 u zo u g

ju t s g qe h He fn !k "n s g js Gh t s m j h u g j o !g s fe m " e 9o U j h yk p qs 2o j y

~ 6

~ 6 ~} |{ zy ju m Hk jn xo u wg "v ju m tm s fk r "m qe 9o be Gp lo He fn m lk ji h "g fe d y



6 6



2 G d G

"

j x t s r

G

(2) s

(x1 , x2 , t1 , t2 ) = S (x1 ) S (x2 ) +



" 6

f

U | d x 6 " 6 8 y b z A 6 " e " s r " 6 " q " " 6


(

(x1 , x2 , t1 , t2 )| c,



G

1,1 V

6 6 " f G 6 6

f

e "

t 6 6

" d j $

B A w f

6 r 6 B z b z

& d f 6 ` " ! A

6

r0

var( )

r d

6 ! s s

c

0

d 6 6 f 6



t f "

- 2- (x)| d(x),

t

Ac =

|g

1,1 V

" "

0


W Q4 2 P S

P ` 6 6

wB 2 6 0 ` 30 P

`4 P

V %0 5T 32 0 W I 9 80 P 8 W %D T C0 q UR 3S %D T 0 4 80 gI Q0 #s S P 5d S 56 2 S ` QP 8S a z7 d Qh S QR h wX ` QP S 8D & R 8` W S 5d h ED vj 5 & wX ` P @9 7 P W 8D 6 84 QT S QI 2 5 a 3& " p 3V e P 7 d #h S QR vh 4 @0 R 80 P 0 4 C0 G 5V S 54 2 ` 2 wX ` P wD QT 2 e I 0 6 GI 84 QP S &

-0.4m

T 8D 6 H D #& T %A I ` 2

87 0 4 %0 QT 8Y

P 0 CI #2 ` f

S ` 6 ` 3 e d D 4 #T S #B ` 8` W @9 7 S W S 4 %0
2 2

0 4 0 I u 0 zS 'd z P R #6 CS r T 9

a W I 0 4 0 4 9 Q 8D Q6 `

C0 C0 0 zP 2 f0 CS P 5d

d Qh B 4 # 2 S 56

2

Uh 9 0 #R S W P R 4 D }( f7 B S d s
0

V e 0 54 V 7 B 8D P

& q!

V 0 4 C0 X 'B S 6 R V 0 6 4 QT S W { & ! V V V V 3V

54 32 0 P R ` 4 'D h S 0 P #P S 0 4 C0

wX ` #P S W zS d S 6 QI 2 8D )6 #0 s 0 4 wX ` 82 Q6 8S 5I 2 ` yD 'd 0 QT CS f X D R 0 4 P 3D R T wX X P d 8S 56 2 W I %0 T 8D P a t d D u 0 W fI S W 5S w2 T ` rI R 0 W 2 ` g #S S P 5d S 56 2
n = T AS p(n) =
m

4 wD T R 0 P S d s

` 4 ` T

4 f0 #B z2 'd W 0 4 C0 8D 6 d %D T ` R 2 S

4

` S 0 nm k 8D 6 D @R ` T Da 8` e V 80 P

9 l B Q7 0 ` S W W 0

I

8D 8P Q9 S 4 F P y9 x 5V QS h W QS w2 T ` qI B 0 P 8 W S #d % e W 2 3B 0 4 ` C6 x QD 32 e T C0 c 7 P ` 6 5 8S q6 9 ` 5T #2 8S ` 6 #4 I 0 ED 'B S 54 2 ` )2 D 4 7 R X #B S 6 R ` D 6 S R 8D I %0 5T #2 S W S 4 S o f z7 d Qh S QR h S ` #P S #4 S #e h ` Q6 S 4 T 8D 6 3D 4
- S ]/ S . AT
2



R '" rR 0 '2 #B e 0 H Q4 2

5V 0 CS 'd C0 2 h 8D 6

QP S W R 0 P 82 #9 CS Q6 fS 8 Q6 S ` 84 T QI S W zD 0 4 ` V W QT 84 P %0 D
2

T

& i!

R 0 W QT 8S 5I f2 S P ` 84 6 wD rT R Q4 2 8D 6 4 P %0 )T v4 t X W S d 8S 6 I C0 @S 7 6 0 4 %0 T '& ! ! & '" ! ` B D 4 #P fS B f0 B ` B 7 P 8 W 8D 8D P 2 D ` Y #P S P I I Q6 S 4 T 8D 6
S
m

7 d 5V #h S QR h wX ` P X 5S #2 2 8D C6 wD 5T 2 ` Cd Q0 #s S P 5d S 56 )2 Q9 S vu t 3D H ` s r0 9 0 8P Q6 fS B 3V e R )d H D G4 5F 2 ED qB @9 7 8P QP S R 54 82 P 8D 6 54 32 0 6 pI %A @9 7 P R D W 1I )( & i D W #T S 5I g2 8e Q6 fS #B h 8D g6 fe 'B S P 5d S 56 c2 @9 7 P R 8D 6 ba 8` ` Y X W 5V S 86 6 %0 UT 9 0 P #P S R Q4 82 P 8D 6 54 2 80 6 I H D G4 5F 2 ED CB %A @9 87 6 54 32 10 )( '& !
dc = f /D;

V 0 QI w2 T ` Q4 2 0 P 4 X 80 Q6 S R ` 54 32 0 P 4 0 W Q0 #s S P d 8S 56 2 #0 Qs S 0 5R 2 0 W %0 T 0 S D 3 V %D &
A/A S (x, t)
c

I 9 e W 2

yD d R Q0 X 2 S X ` Y e 4 %T P 8

` Q4 3D B 0

s 0 P` e W zS

P 8 W 'd 0 W | d S 6

%$ #" !

j ? ? j ? B q? f? ? ? ? G &? ? ? ? $ ? "? ? ? B ? ? c? ? ? j z j ? x ? ? "? "? ? ? G? "? b? ?

d = f = f /r0 .

K = var(S )/ S

K=1

I 0 S P 8D ` 2` 6 @H TW W #D 6 d S

`

l p0 " 4 B ` f0 32 R D 6 "

W |e #0



5d S 6 4 S ` 6 P` i 4 s 30 a 8S 5I r2

6 5I QT S #d e I 8D V W QT f 7 X W 5S Ta %4 e S 0

6 X 2 4 C0 2 8e T S 2 V ` W ED B w2 ` I zD s 0 4 T #6 S QR h 8D 8D 0 5S a QI T d P 4`

0

C0 k 3D P Q6 X 'd 6 X W



@R 2 R 4 T B h Q4 S I t

Qe h Q4 S 54 2

zD d s b0 yk 4 p X R D 54 32 a dk Gj hi S
D

b QT QS 50 2 B q ` hu d %6 S w2

a B fT B 4 %0 T X W d a 8D 6 Q4 2 9 0 8P P 0 6 84 QT S 0 rP f0 B a T X #B 8S 6 R a R 0 6 4 f0 QB z2 'd 80 I %P Q S 4 2 ` wX X I }0 uR 9 ` Y X W 8S 6 ` 8D 6 54 32 0 6 I " " 8` wW 2 W 3s e ! ` ` Y 8X W S 6 6 %0 vT 7 p a QB 2 i t X W R D Q4 2 Q0 h2 @S 7
f T

V wD @T V 4 #P S V ` Y ` C6 3 ` 6 I 5V QS Q2 2

QS 8S W ` h wA D 6

P e H 0 QI d Qh I %0

S e T QR 5T t `

Q6 4 rh '2 S

f2 Q4 S X 9 0 9` W S 4 Y 8T 3P

X W S 'B S 6 eR P 8 W S QP S c Ce #4

d S S 4 8D D Q6 S

r0 10

T

d

2

7 P P 0 W R D Q4 6 %0 |T B { %D 8T QP r ` 8B fT H D G4 QF ` P #P S R Q4

`

2 82

fT 0

0 I S 8X W 5S h ` QR 0 I 50 0 H D Y0 R dB i uB R D ` Q 32 3D S yh QP W " ED 0 P X f0 #R S f7 3D

8B 32 e 54 32 S 4 )D S

vu

86 I 0 a 0 P Q6 S 8` W dd 6 H Q0 h ` CS Q 32 Qe h ` Q6

7 #6 CS 4 T 8D 2 7 5d wX f0 B 4 D S 84 T

6 Qh ` ( 8D 6

W 6 QP B Q9 S I #B S H

` QP %0 T Q4 2 D 4

QP S 8D P P 0 ` 8D 6 3D } 8 W S 4 I d D ` B 8D ` ` #P ED uB X 5D s D 5I )2 0 xw a 8B EB ts " ` C6 o 6 I B 8D 6 H Q0 9 ` P D t D @F S 8D 6 8D rP 7 `2 ` 5F 2 ED

p nm ` QP h` 7 #R H Q0 P 8T B 4

0 6 S h 8 W 0 4 0

0 dc 2

z2

0

S

#4 S 3D 57 p 0 W ` 7 0 h R Q4 `` fS #B 8D

6

!



5T S

P

L

T

fS

0

P (S ) = (1/ S )exp(-S/ S )

S

m

=[ S

= m! S

n

0

'B S ` ! Q2 #6 eR

80 84 B

S

W )T

2 P

2 ` H S

a2 V ` ` ` ` 3B V 0

i " 8 4 Q4 W ` B T B %0 #2 ` D Y ` ` 5T 8P QP

7 6 0 ` 4 D d 2 0 QI %2 4a QT S ` ` 4 54 82 P

" 2 S h D #2 8S S R

b Q6 S Q4 2 0 w2 T SW 2 G4 5F

P ` S 4 ~` 2

W D fS

T wD 6 8D #0 h 8S 6 I ` R W %0 T

0 W #T S

#P h h ` QR S 0 8` W d u 0 6 #4 fS S 7 8P QP W 80 5I 2 R Q4 #2 S fT p B

8P W S 0 ` I B 8D 6 H #B ED j 8`

k SY 0

`

6

aB l X g R 54 '2 S Gd 7 Ia B 0 S 4 8` W wX ` y4 x

T

7 < X, Y < 60

A = XY TK

K

p

2 wX ` 7 4 T

0.02 < T < 2/3

T

var(n) = n (1 + n )

n (1 + n )

A

2

m

n+1

,

var(n) = n

wV 6 wD T R Q4 wV Q 8S P %0 T ` wD T #4 QS 'B bS r" H '2 pR ` T 0a fS hB fS nD k

6 X P D 2 B` |0 TX

B %0 T #P 2 4 ` 'B S

I #T S X 8D ` Q4 SW 6 8` ` 82

54 2

0 d X 2 Q4 S D F ` 8Y ` h 80 5I w2 T d D u 0 W pI 9 0 S 'd 0 4 C0 c 9 0 P 80 6 4 QT S W 0 0 P R ` 82 #P S 4 P B QP S 0 ` ` #6 S 5I 2 ` d 9 30 QT
n 1

QP fS ` 54 Q 8S 'd 0 4 C0 9 gI I 2 R 0

)e R 0 W #T S 80 P 8 W S 4 8` %0 dT S 8D % e W ` 6 I X 8D P QP X %D QT 2 R 0 P W ED B ` Ek m T 8 W 0 4 a B a e P P Q0 Q2 2 3D e I S
n
2

5I p2 8S P W |d 9 0 2 S W R 0 Q0 Q2 2 3D e ` T 6 #0 h 8D 6 H ` 8` W F 8 W 0

W2 I 0 H 0 S R H

5V V V 5V S

wX ` #P S 3V e 4 #6 S I h ` 0 6 I 0 4 C0 c %D g S ` 8D 6

` 87 5T #2 8S H Q0 h

8D @6 7 fR h )` D f7 'B S 8D 6 ` ` 86 I P ` 8R Q6 S gI ` 54 2 ` 4 D ` R X W 0 @I

4 8` W H Q0 2 6 I ` 8T DW 54 2 ` Q0 s 30
c

6 2` 4 QT #2

S 5d S 6 a R 0 P a 7 Q0 P ` 0 @H r 9 8D S

I 0 80 )P f0 0 4 C0 T 0 wX ` H 0 e Ba W hR fS 'B bS s 80 P 9 8D 80 )P 4 I 0
T /

% f0 t 8

B a 8D 4 0 I #P S R W2 ` & i zS 'd f0

q w z o 3 f w o o w y 8 f w o 3 e o b o w w w f o w 3 f

n

T A / < 1

wX ` ` Q4 fS H

ED

c

A/A

S

,

1, /

m

2 8D 4 W R ` 4

X R 0 %6 re ` P T QS T ` ` ` 4 Q4 80 P %0 w2 6 D Q4 2
T

2

P

#2 S S zP d y6 ` 80

I %0 QT 9` 8D QP h R 0 T ` 54 2 ` E6 B X 5D

P 2 s D

W S 87 6 Q6 #B 2 W

7 ` I 4 R 'd @R 7 R T



& 's !

S QR #D 8S f0 B
I

0 6 0 R W 8D 6 `P j

u

U4 9 P 8 W 4 QT S S 4 T ` 0 QI 2 ED

r Wd Q9 S 4 PX d P

I

V H #0 h ` S ` P 3D @R f7 B #D @h 4 ` 'd 0 2 ` 0 6 I ` !

$ ! ba Q 0 4 D 54 2 z0 qd ` Y 3D e 4 %T e W W2 ` h X W 80 UI 9 8` Y D 0 W2 ` QI 2 wX ` QP S 8D 6 S d s
A T

m

= |Vm |



D2 I0 10 4

m

,

NT > 1, NA >

S 54 X QI #B S 8 R

0 54 6 S 0W

QT S

I

0

10 (

3

/A/

4 #D 2 ` I 'D Ch 0 rP f0 B X W 5S w2 T ` I ` d D u 7 P #P S R Q4 82 P D 6 54 32 0 6 d 3V e 4 %T e W 7 P #P fS #B S
A

` Q4 2 0W I k 8` 6 R

0 8P gI 7 'd ` Y 7

D 0 H ` 'd 0

0 }4 W S 0 h 0 H

d 5R |2 5I 0 5R

t QP S 8S 6 )I Q9 S #P w2 T X g2 #9 S

& #I )2 9 80 P R W UI 9 S S q2 0 8S R #D QP #I 54 2

` QP h #0 R 0

fP #B B h e` 6 `

8D I %0 5T '2 S W S 4 ` C0 8D eP R 0 P 0 4 C0 S vt 8t P d S Q6 e2 8D P #0 h 8D I D
d f /r
0

D 4Im 2 d d

2

&

-0.4m

& r!

I

S

m

=S

m

=

10

I0 .
2

d /4

N

N

NT 1 + T /c ,

K = 1/NT NA ,

NA 1 + A/Ac . Ac f A
2 c c

54 2 d s P `d

1




# C

w Q Q ' G p f Q z ' h 8 ?

#

C ? 8 % u 8 5 ? Fh k ?

r 5 ch G p 8

| yx f 8 # c

) 8

Q 8 mv Q ~ Fh '

5 f 8

i d e ? 3 ~ ' z

Q T 8 f i w # 8 Q ? 8 ' f 8 ? 8 f n 8 2h 8
m

8 % f 8 w 8 Q 8
2

8 f f # f 3 Q ? Q 8 Q f

p

8 8 @ ' 3 C u Vh gf e 4x ov 5 8 C

? # f ?

5

b? w 5 ' Q f 5 8 h f

w w Q

# # 5 5 8

# 8 # ? U ? e # % ' C | Q z ' 8 Q

Q ? 3 y 8 8 Q

8 8 x

8 % e 8 5 8 '

C @ C | # ? Q 5

c 8 '

Q 5 Q 8 # % ?

' 8 r 5 w C w 5 8 Fh
T

Q n? ? Q y ' c 8 Q | 8 C ?

? 8 Q # 8 Q l

#

t
8

#







?

8 @ v f ' ? Q % Q 8 5 # 3 C 5 ? C n? 3 % 8 e # C Q f % @ @ ? ? e Q 8
A

w #

8 ? r ? 8 w

?



# Q 8 8 8 c z ' % C c



?













# 5 w

w 8 5 8 w # 5 8 5 8 # h 8 %

Q 5 e Q # % w

w 8 Q 5 '

# ? c 8 5 %

8 8 w # g 8 C # C f 3 8 w Q cp 8 ? 8 8 8 3 w # w w Q w U U r g 5 Q Q f h

Q # ? # p # 8

8 8 8 8 8 C ?

Q #

5 5 8 5 Q w
N

8 d C n n Q G

T

N

A

f D F = f /D c A = XY



' w n? w

Q @? 8 % 5 3 Q 8

5



Q

N

T





8

8

#

8 f # 8

8 Q 5 3 # f ' Q ' Q } 8 q 8 w 5
N
A

z 8 v

~

8 8 # 8 8 f 8

? 8 8 8 5 Q Q w #

C

f # z ' ? Q f 8 Q


c



T





8 Q ? 8 U w



F = f /D

?

T

K





5 Q ? U @ % 5 ' 8 8 Q C C C f f 8 Q c
2

e w # 8 z w # # 8 % ? G # C Q 5 c Q 3 f w # % 8 f 8 5 8 8 U y ' Q

# 8 Q Q Q C f



8

Q 8 Q C 8 # % 8 | # 3 ? # 8 % 8 8 ? w 5 % 5 3 5 # 8 w # 8
A/A
c

T /

c







8

% C

n NT N



var(n) = n 1 +

.







C 8 8 5



# 5 u

Q Q f 8 Q # e 8

? # 8 5



8 5

n

m = 0(

/

/A/

I



0



=2





8 c ? e w r q # f



5 # 8 ? 8 ? 8

5 ? 5

#

n

N T NA = N .

2 = A = X Y = 30 40 2 2 1.2 10 Ac (f /D) 4 d = 0.24 T = TK = 0.02 c c 0.01 c NA 1 + A/Ac 300 NT 1 + T /c 3 nmax < 0.1NA NT 90e

E 8 % f 8 w 8 Q 8

y 8 f f # f 8 8 3 Q 3 ? Q 8 Q r ~

@ ' i C u Vh gf e d T 4x v # C e Q
-0.4m

Q j ? 8 f 8 f 8 8 Q
f
2

n? Q y
-5



8 Q ' 8 8 8 #

r
8

Q ? ? ? # ' f p

? 8 # 8 8

8 ? 5 8 w 8

5 ? C ? U 5 #

q # Q ? Q ? 3 % 5 Q # z

w 5 3 r w

Q h 8 c 8

% z w

3 C # y # Q f % 8 8 @?

% % G? 8 v E U

8 Fh 5 %

5 qp Q 3 8 h f #



Pg g 9g fe d c S b# Ta ` Y XW VU 7 T% 4S & % R# 9Q 7 28 PI ) &H 4G & 3 F # 4E 9 &B 25 D) 2C ) 98 B A# 2@ &7 98 7 65 & 43 % # 21 0) (# &' &% % $# "!

@? r f ' b 5 ? ? ? C c Q r 8 f # 5 5 U E ?
AT d =f



? ? 5 ?

n /N 0.1

P (n) = n exp(- n )/n!.

n

f = 180 A = X Y = 60 70 2 2 2 Ac (f /D) 225 T =T 4.2 10 0.02 c 0.01 NA 1 + A/Ac 20







8 z ? z 8 Q Q Q 3 ? Q % # e # 5

Q 8 ?

8 w yx wv 5 8 ?

3 Q 8 5

8 5

8 C e 8 Q

Q 8 G Q u

Q 8 3

8 # 3

3

# ih Q Q h z '

5 U 8

h 5 ? 5 ? 8 ? Q y @



5 3 5 8 3 U

8 Fh % 8 8 8 ?

8 3 Q

U Vs f Q # Q 8

w 8 Q 8 Q Q

5 C w ? v

Q 8

# 8

? ? Q 8 8 Q

w p

Q 5 ? # 8 Q 3 w ?



3 Q 8 5 ? ? Q # 8 Q

Q 8 5 8 | r Q

#

n

z





f

p Q Q

n

m

-5

= 10

= 10

= 10

m

-0.4m

-0.4m

I0 AT D2 /(f ) =

I0 AT D2 /d2 =

I0 AT /(F )2 .

2

K

= =

G G 8 b

Q ? f E


e $ 'f g 2 i P i
= 0.05 = 0.5 T

e 4 q 2 i i T 9 2 i 2 f e i i i
-0.4m

P g 2 c 2 q i i 2

m

d



' c c

2 i F 2 2 b r c i c c i
S/N = n
m

9 " " 2 f i i 2 i A c 2 F 2 i i $ " F 2 A i 2 i 2 f c F i i 2 " i f i 2 z i 9
var(nm ) = n
m 2 = m ,

2 f i P c i i F A 9 o i F 2 F c " i 2 i 2 i 2 9 9 i 2 i f c f 2 i 2 i ( 2 c F c i f 2 i
n
m

T 8s s
" " 9





c 9 P 2 o i

2 X P g 2 2 c 9 2 2 9 i 2 c f i i i b i 2 f 2



2 i X i " c c

g e 2 c 2 F 9 i c 2 i i c f i 2 2 " 2 i i

e i

c i " f c g i i m

h$ i i " 2 2 " $ 2
f c f 2

2 i 9 i 2 r i 2 9 2 2 9 c 2 i f 2 T c c 2 i i f c i i 2 i F i d i 2 i i i c i 2 g e d i
4

t i i X 2 c i i 2 ( i f f i r 2 i f f c i i i f 2 ( 2 i i i c 2 c 2 i c i f i r f i i b i 2 c c 2 c i X c i f 2 V i c 2 c " $ 2 $ T 9 i f F c

2 i i 2 2

r F t

t i i f 2 9 i i i f 2 yx i i i
nm G = G1 G

e 2 2 2

g



e e 9 r 9 9 c f c

i

i c r

o i 2 2 9 i h$ c 2 F r i i i i i i 2 c c i 2 i 2 o " c 2 f t P 9 F t F r i i i

b i c



i i i f i c 2 e i





i $ e d i 2 f i i i 2 i c i
m

f 2 o 2 i 2 X e

t t i i '$ 9 f i f c i i i c t

i i t i i 2 P i r 9 X c i 2 i c o c i f c 9 c i 2 r r q 2 2
n
m

i 2 e i e 2 i '$ i i 2 P i o 2

2 2 i r c

i c c i F 2 2

i i r A i v

2

6u t As Tr q p GF iD hX gf "e Wd %U cb %P a` Y WP &U Y TX WR VU TS R QP
q f g e d 2 i '$ 9 i r 2 P r 6 4 2 c 2 2 i i 2 f g i f i e i 2 i 2 2

f c 9 2 i 2 D i i &$ 2 f 2 i

2 c 6 i 2 i

f 2

f

" Px it } Px ~} x t X s } i it ~} Fx w it "} ys z b{ i c} i s vq ~} x c ys c i} R 2t iy ~} Px "| t{ Px it zy iu x yw t q vu ft Fq s rq p

NT 1 + T /c 3 n < 0.1NA NT 6e

2 i i $ i c

r V

i i i i r b 2 c 2 c F f c f 2 c i e $ r e i i i o c 2 i c 2 o 2 9 t 9 c 2 i 2 i 2 i c r F i c i i f r 9 i i " i c c 9 i c i ( i 2 c f c i f 2 X c 2 " i r i 2 i i c i 2 i i 2 c c r i f c f i i o " 2 c 2
m > 12.5 n
-6

e i r 9

c i i P i

t i

d 5 10 nmax = 6e

f 1.8

i X y i 2 i

i i i i g 2

i c 2 g 2 i i 2 9 i f i 2 c f 2 F i q f " 2 c i f i c f 2 i i i i 2 e 2 i 2 D 2 i $ 9 b c X 9 2 i i f 2 9 i c c 2 i f i c e f ( c g 2 i i i c 2 2 c c t i 2 i i P
n
m

IH GF ED

C

=

m < 12.5 2 n /NA N

c i 2



"



T

i



G1 = G

c w 2 i i f 2 9
1



2 t g f

e r

2 2 2 d 2 c

i P

2

2

f = 12 , A = 1.5 10-5 2 , Ac , d = 0.12 , T1 = TK = 0.02 T2 = 1



(f /D) 1

G2 = G G2 1

w



F i i

i

NA NT NT nmax nmax

1200 3 T 1 = TK 100 T2 0.1NA NT 360e (T1 = TK ) 12000e (T2 = 1 )

i



G 10 20000/10000 = 2 e

c e 2 i

i F i e

2

20000e

G1 10

G

2 o



e P z i t e 2 i X

2 i i e i i i

& f 2 i i c r i c 2 i F 2 9 o c F f c f 2 ( c 2 c e i f i c i F f c z f i i f i 2 2 i 2 i i i i 2 i c c i i P P r i r c c c i 2 9

2 i 2 9 2 2 i r ( 2

i i c i f i F i

i 2 c

X i i 2

c

i i 2 i c 2 2 e i i



i i i i

m1 > 10 m2 > 6

= 3 10 =

3

10

/

var(nm ) =

=2

I0 AT D2 /d2 .

d

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Se 5s s 8k He Sc 8c d z s p p 8e 8 Sr Sc t He Sq % H Sl

%s e 5p H q Cw 8g tp xc y Sl Sc o tb p 8 xc 8f Ss 5e w Hw

tw Up w Hf 8f %j wp w Hq 8 Qd C s c s 9 8s %j H Sp i

Sw %s q tb 8 5 s He 5s ts e w z Sc %c Hq Sw 8p Sl S 8i vp l 8 7 H tu 5 5 ts %p 5 p k vp w S 8k Up g } % s 5e H w Sd Cc Sf x % W i h zg e Sy Sc tq 8p Sl 5w Sg Sc Sx %c 5q 8w v 5w i ts He w
2

p t p %w 8 5c tw Hs g g %s 8 ws %w %k Sc

Sc q Cw f Hs w Hg s i p k Cw v 8 p 8 Sp i Sc Cw f t Uw q Hw g Sw Sl Sb q k 8 tc 8c %s q Sl i 8d p Sc x e qe e 8s %s %q q Hy d %s g ' Sw %s ws Sg

xw 8y l W Ii tw

ve Sp 5q %c Hq h 5w

w 5p % 5e s %w i g 2 5c

vc p y p H

8q Qs 5k %s Sp

Sp o q 5w fs q

q p p n Sc x 5e 8 Hp

Sc q w ts Sp Hi

Se @d

i 5j ' Sw e Hp Sw Hy

S Sc m g q xw #v

q Sw 8r %u Sc xp 5u ts Sr

up %p Hq Sw 8f %j ' Sc 8q

8~ tq @e p 5g %s 8p Se 4i q 8 %p

w @~ He %s Si

} 5| y p 5k Sp i Sc Se i 8c 4 hg 'f

%{ zy S He w y 8g %p 5e Sb He

SB %` YX WV QD UB IT SR QP IB HG FE 5D CB A

(T = KTK )

(S/N)

m1

= (S/N)

m2

.





8w

Hw w t c } 8 9 Hj % Cc f 5g ws 8g Hp s %j 5 %p i p a %c Sc Hg Sw 8 Sd 'c Hq 8s %s Sr Sc p b Sw @x ts re q 8e 5 a Hq s a p s Sp i

(S/N)

(S/N)

m1

m2

=

=

n

n

m2

m1





KTK ,

t g

(S/N) (S/N)



5w

%k

m2

m1

T



K 10

-0.4m

TK ,

.

T

c , A



A c , N T > 1, N

1

A

1, D/r

0

1

Sw l tw

e 5s Sc q 5w

8 7 %s 'e xw 5e tw

} ? u w Cw v t~ %s 8e Hp Ss c e Sd } c 8e 8 p H f
R
2

%w g w Sp Hi

Sc Hq a Cp 8s %w H

w mg %s e Su 5w

Qe %s 'e Sl t} g Sy Sl b

b g l Hw Sk Sc a p tw Sc q Sw w Sw Se i 5w t

Sw



Hq Up H 9 4 l

e 5w 7 Sw r He 8w %w 8e
2

m = m1 - m

ts Uw

R

8

tc
0

Hw

l

x } t Sc %s q we #
./

7

8w W{ 9 r } p 8 t 4 S t 8g Sp q x x 8 p H t p t g 5l
K

t 7 S i F Q { s 5g fs

T = 32 T 2 10-8

0.8 10 S = 2 10-4

5

=

D 4 f

2

2

SBAT 0.5e , e

R1 = f /r

R=

R

1

2 2 R1 + R2 = R

2

2

2 f 2 . 2 r0 p 2

8 9
2 1

2

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 .

@e p 5w S 8i } ~ S @e 8q %j 5



p w { 5 %w s 5e ts

%s q Sq Sx c Sg He ' Sl t o ts q d w Sp Sq Sx c 5w d u S 8q 8q 8 p %w

9 i Sp c He Sb 8c 8g

Sw a %j % %p i %j Sw tp

~ w @~ %s x % 8 %j h Hy

H Sp 9 @ s

Uw 7 Q Qs

@9 87 7

n

m

= 5 2.5e

-



R=p

1+

1+

R

1

.

0

p d e ?i e tb Hs e %c %} 5j U

k

%u

R=p 2

8s %e Sq g 8~ w

~

Sq g Sx 8v l U Hi 5w 8w %s 8 s q Sw %w %s Sx c Sk

s Su Sl k w 8w s %s p q wp Sc Se i Fp Ue 8u % Hk w %s Sc Se i 8w Sc % 8i p ts Ss 8s e m Ss p 8w %j t i } pc Hw He Sc i c % 8c 5~ Sc r

5w Up ~ 5 Sc t Hq S

S 8i Se Uw tw tu 8k Hi Hg

T = 32TK =

%w

Sw l g

Sp

5k

tw Q { Sw y 5w %s x l Sg tj tw

8q H 8 8g %w 8q H

T

%s

Hg l

m

m

lim

18.3

19.8

=2 m 17.5

( = 2 ),

( = 1 ).

g tw %u 8b w y %w 5 5p d Cc

xp Se 5 l tc Hw Wp Up # f %j

8q p q Sw %k Sb %s 5 p

5s } c 5c Sx i x q 5p

8i 8 Sc Sp Sw S %s q

H Se He y tp F w 8g %p

Hk Sw w 5e %s vi l Sc Hq %w 8d p Hk g 7 8 p 'w x Sp Sq g S 8c

Sy 8 p Sq Sb 5p # 5e

Sc ts Sc Hp %c Sq 8 p

%x Sx # tc 5p Sp

lim

Se i i g i

p = f /r0 = d

2

5w Sp 5w Se F




F l

4 7 V % ) F 7 g 7
17
m

F i 7 g W 4

0 4 4 g % A

) i ) i 7

g F 7 g g

) 7 7 F 7 g 7 ) f g ) g W F 7 F g F g
min

W g ) F W i p )g g W g i g i g ) f p d F 7
n
17

& F g F %

F 7 % F

F f 7 i F

A 7 7

g g ) ) F

s

4 F 7 g F

7 W ) %

2 ) ) u





& i 4 7 )g i )
m m
lim

f

)g 7 F ) q e g F 7 & g 7 F i 0 a W i d % ) ) g g 7 F )g g % ) F 7 7 ) )
1 (S/N )2 = 1 + 2

7 ) g

) F )

0 )
n

p 7 F ) u ) F % ) g i g { g 7 & F 0 W F F W ) g l ) ) 7 g & ) )g ) g ) 0 a i 0 7 F 7 0 4


7 g )g ) g g F 7 4 % 7 F )

g F 7 i ) g

7 g 7 ) ) F 7 )

F ) 7

u W g i W ) g |

0 7 F )

& 9 ) ) g

4 % ) g 7 F ) ) 9

e e

Y dy x h Fe Wv 0w fo h 4e 4v W ~ `w dy x n 4x v x F v R R x h 4e Wv `w a Po h We Y R 0 i j Ru Wk `w ~ )u 2 y )u ( Wu j w % `u di x Wo 7w j ~ )u s 2 y )u } r~ 7e F u } 0w 4 |j {z % Ww 0 Y x Fx )u y 6 R W %x x o Rw h vq R u t )u s D rq 4x f fy 4 pu #m &j o x ` di n rm l R f dy Rx 4k 7 j ` di F hg fe dy Wx w x % Ww ! ( )u 6 R R Y Rx 2 %y w Wx 4w Fv Tu At Ws rq p 7i hg f
r
0

&e d d

cb cb 4b 0$ ) a5 0$ 65 D$ WC ` S YX W V5 )U ) 65 $ T" ) 45 # (S RQ P1 AI )H 5 )G FE ! 65 D$ C # B )5 A@ 98 7 )' 65 0$ 43 21 0$ ) (' &%$ #" !

r

0

S/N =

r

m

0

,



n

+



W g | i 7

s A F 7 F g g i ) g 7 g % W F ) g F 7 0 a 7 p ) g 7 g i ) ) ) F ) 7 f i l F i % & g

7 D i g ) 7 F )



qe

n

=

m

1 + 4 2 /(S/N )2 .





50e

m

n

550 e = 9 106 10

7 ) % ) W & 7 F g g F # p 7 )g ) g p

min

0 g 7 g F p ) 7 g

% W i 7 W ) i ) i g g 0

p g

7 f 7

i ) ) g 7

g i )

h F 7 n i

F F ) f

i W 7 n r 7

) g 7 7 F g ) ) )g

g 7 F

s F ) g g

) ) F ) 7 h g F g W g & g i ) g
T=T
K

i i ) 7

) 7 F

7 4 W F ) i & g

p 7 7 ) W

gg p ) 7 F g )

G

Y

nm = C/G 9

min

C 20000e G

= 9 106 10

10

-0.4m

4 7

A

g

p ) g i s ) F 7

r g )g ) 7

) g

0

7

` R F 7 l 7 g 7

# W ) f 7 W 7 g 7

2 7 ) ) F 7 a )g 7



g g g

g % n F ) W 7 g ) ) F 7 4 7

F g

g F p i W

)g i ) ) 7 g i P ) F 4

)g g W & u W g i g R 4 7

g 0 7 F V g 7 0 a p

)
max

17

m



10.5

(2 + 0.37) 1.54e-.

g ) g i ) F W a ) i ) g p i W i W ) 0 a ) i i g i ) F 7 7 { D p F i ) F
m
lim

g 7 F 7 g 4 7 g W g F F 0 W F F W Y W % F p 7 g n i ) % a 7 7 W a g F 4 Y ) W )
(S/N)
17

) 7 g F 4 W F

0 ) W g g i ) W W i g Y 4 ii g 0 a 7

4 g ) F W Y D



min



i % &

g )g g 7 g )



i g )g g # n )

% ) ) g ) W F F

m

g Y 7 g ) g % )

m

min

17 m

10000 e

# { F f

p W F F 7 7

)

F )

) ) F D

7



7





1.2

K

F p 7 g

|

F

7

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2

,

-0.4m

,

17

g i ) )

m

2e

g

max

7


v g g

gr p ? o p r j ug Pu Cr u u e


pr p ar r gl l


o

m r l ? g ? m i v Gg h %? r n e Gg


fm xq p }q q Pw aj %? y ~ h g j
?

y
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DQ PB IH G 'F E9 DC

e t j v j z

Pn Gm aj ?l Pu t r


m

Cv e m h ? m e q | v w ah g j d y | e G| v Sv Cg e j ? g i l r aj ? m Cj r t Gm l Ig lg p Gm y l Cn Gm Gq l ? t a? e ? g e x r p h ? `k ? j g l k v qg


S m v

rl rp Gm }
)

20 20 10 )( ' & % $# "
Pu u u Pu u Pu u

n j ? z r e j ? fe l d i r g ? Pu Cj r k q g Gq ax g | l Pr j r p i F j y ?r S | j Pl m t Ph e k C y u h # d

l $y r C r e ? | e ? ah g qq j m e g g v az 5q r v v Gr B & o ? q g aj 7? s? ?~ g wh {u ? m 7? g 43 l z r a} g

u 65 I f ? e aj W? C o r t ) h g 7y r v

Gi

ml Rq # | v v r h g | rl r v Sv Gg m ? e Pl z v aj q r v j B &A @9 p87 5q p v w j ? } v v dl v l l Cj q r e j


Pu r m v ee


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m 5e g g ?j
?

hr d j ? dr y d

m jn h l rm fz ? g | p r ?z C r Cv

w r ?? mG Sv Sv } i l t m e



u h e Gg 5q p m ar ? r r Pw aj y Gg r $

?l rm v p %? r h g v? S ?

rw g

i t g v t d r x e
?

e

p r ze


z

u g j q u F Gj y g v )k fm p Pu w mh uv j 9 m uerv u z r sy

j dr g

Sv e y 3z lPr g r m Gh zy
T?

C RQ # ! 5 R de d $ 3 A@ r )T G & Q E 7 ! de d $ 3 7@ 1 )T B 3 C P ) bY RF 9e x $@ T bw F )D EY 3 3 av C # ! 5 P B ) E( GF S GD )D F b F % EF EB F b% 3 q @ y T )w CF 3 a S x )w GF )D EY $ 3 av P 7 u! s ) F a E F 5% t D s % ) rF qp i@ hg T fQ F E ` e aD # `! F W $@ dc bT F % 5 XQ C IH ) F a S G `% )F &Y XQ A' W@ VU ST F S% RQ P IH E GF ED CB & "% A' 3@ 98 76 54 32 10 ) ( ' & "% $ # # "! ) ? 7? h


) 7 6 D? 4 #? )? 4? # ? h? F



Gg h o u C r u g ?

Cp m o j F j g r t l G h 9? Gq k Sv g x u ?y nSr C r Se g j g ? C Cg Go k h r e Gr y Gm l C r v v Gr ) g Cy r Ve | j p g Ct ?r Pw j k Ph e j Gd h v h e Cp m m v r v r g y g g k i y ? l t r w h Cr t j g g q j e v 3g ax g z m v Y j ? r v r p ? 9 z m r C r v v r 7 l v aj W? z r z r C r v g j w dy g r v Vq q Gm l r l y g r l p g x v u nd o p u r y j m i m 5q r ve Pu dr q r Sz d )? ? A? q g ) y 5q r h 7? 7 u f d z dr q g Pn m r l g Pr pj pq ? ~ k bh


t

z k er m zr m ah g Vq q g 1 vm

v h ug m h ? y m Xq | l Cr t


E vh lw Cr t r k

l

?

d r} | pt 7 l 7? j v m j

g v l g p &? j Gm l g j j p q Gr m y d aj ? en l g Pw j r w f j w dy 5q ?r d jgkhre Cp fm p tp e g m ? Gi q m n #? ) ) m gt v y m pg g k q u h # ah g ? g vm Gm? l r g j gCr t m dy q m qj j 3z x p fh Gq ? g Cn Rq u Gm lh # l P? Cn Gm q r g q l ? d l 9 # Gm l g ~ fm p q

v dy 5q z? h r y h? b?n ? ?r v g v m j l Gd r Gg Ph Wp gig l Pn g ur r l I l g C u h #

nglg p r Gm l r Cr 7? | j g {z g l ? r ? g z h z r h y ? p l d aj ? e Gm l y m y d aj ? g m y ? Ct m hhr p j g h ~ F 1 j g R u l r v
18

u Ci Pr j

q r

? Sg Gg h Gg h Gr y z n g e n } Pp m Ct sr Gq

j

256 = 16



m u

h e Cp Sr g Gg ah g v grvl Sv g l g fv Gd h n z | v v o m g q Gm Cl g l m r y g ) |ld m j q Cw Ej ah g lw m j l q r g ? u h # g q m p u Gm l Cn Gm

o

m

lim

17





Pn Gm ? l

Cn Gm l S me r t q r v z r e g ? | v w ah g {z g l xy k Co Pn m l
19



g 5x d `k i Gd h ? 5q Pr mv v 3g 5x d Pl e `k
(S/N)

17/256

ri

P?

q

Pw aj %? r v nn u m Cg e uv j

Ci Cr j Ig | t m h d C dr q

(m = 2.5) mlim 19.5 (S/N)19.5/256 0.2 2 + 0.37 16 4.2



Pw

j

Cp m ue ? b vr

v Gg Ip o e k l Gm l d r Cj g dr yq C C b Cn m m z G y


v {z g l ? d k q g l Sq ? z r y g ah g j j d y Pr j d v F n j e m v b v ) i ah Cg e ? p ? g i q ?
?

z



m

Gm? l C t m j e ? dr g ? g o k k l q ? y ah g k p Gh 5q r m v v

h m g p r e Pp m Gm l j ?r Ie Pn r Gg ah Pr j q u v g l ni



z ? rd v r v m y j ly j u Gd h h

g ay



w

KT

K

I

v n r m i q Gg Ph x qg z r d 5q

v

g

Gm r

I m

14.5 10.8

e

u

e

1 r q r e



?

Pn q d i ? ?

v

Vq

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Cj Cr r 2? g e n l q r g v g j ? g t g
|?

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Gg h g j d l r fv } Cg e n b g m j Vq m z m ? d j l ? r ? d q r e 3l r
?

7 pz l C r ah g Gq q )k Pr ? qj k v q rg C Ct v g Cg
?

ep m l Pr Cj lC g p r g o 9 #


g l j

z x r

m m u

z

v




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l

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?

g r r

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g
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p ? d r m e Gr Ay vl r v g w qgv Gg ah g Wv x pr dr r p ? F j g mv m v ? 9 o m l S g r e Vq q | v T S ? 5 l | Pr Gv v r n

Sv Gg C Cj r Se


d 5q k vw l d aj ? o v v r {z z dp b hy ) fp Gg ah

r v j Sv Gg r y q r g j e j y Gm l q q g Sl n k g l l qg e d 3z ax g q ely h p ? r Sr gtmj l Pp bm n lz l C r g q g j |

mr y Xq v z g q r v m m ? p p j v m p e r v

j ? d l u r l m 5x y r q ? g g u h

#v

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j Cg d e Gg h Gr y m vtmj Cj r q t Cn Gm ? l m p v C r jGm j ? ? ? z r y Gg h g rq ? h g qj m f ? p y y r ? X 9 C Gm r Sl v r t

A? q aj ? j Cg e g r v z n Cg d l jm ?q | v w ah g e F j p | v v m g Sv g ? C r v k k Sv qm G| v v q g } j g p F aj %? r ? p r ? g ah Gg h g j lg z g Pn G Gm l ? h h

Sm C n t m l jn q n m k Ch e h qy Rq u m l s P 5 d

r r u $ t u 1 d r & h u d t r r u d r r d u 9 1 m h
?

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aj %? ar ? rv Cg fe d
%?




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V e D Xn


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q

g qf Ix i u eg &{ Dx ew ef ed x ed e v d Dw d & Ix v Ix Dg X{ x &n Vw Xm qd

qv f q qt ed n x x f ef Ix &f 'x qv

ef ed Vg f & & s ed g e qv n qv v 6 qe ed qv { k &{ qv

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ed u r ~ &i Xg qe e qm e ed

ed 2f n Dt e v D ez Pf k Vw Xm

e g e V{ e } Xw f q w qv d &r d ef v

Xd &z D| ~ f Xg & Dg X{ & qf qt ee &d

Vr m 1 k & Dt Dz qv qn ed g ed Dw uk Dg e Df qd & & s I qm Dd

m 1 qn e{ r j 1 Vw ej &g f X qv !g f e| (' &i & 'v I

Dt w w d qd Ds v ed &i i qd e &{ m

m f qt Xm I m D{ Ig 1{ j es & &

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Df e &g Pm &d Vg &z ) &d &z i uk e f qd

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2.5 7.5

e e f &{ X qv {

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qn Vg ef 1e g ef P{ qv qr

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'| ' qv Df g

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Pi &f m ew & @ Dt I m v Xs & 'v q 2 &

Pg ef )v @z v qv

n e g n qv &{ e &g qv r i ej eg ed qe qd I f i & q g &s } qd Vg f | e &{ qv &g s s Dt V m e qg &e D qv Xg ef ee ed &g qv V{ y &t e ed Vg qf & s X ef e} D Vi z e
50e . 105 10
-0.4m

e Xz &f Vi z & e eg g f j )n Df v r y qf
n

v &g i ed Vg

Vs ef 2v 2j f '|

Dx &s h x Vw f } ed

n ed 1e q D e qr ed w qd e{ r bd 8 4 D} X &z qt & e r m qn ed g Di qv V{ m D e e p g ej q u g~ & v g qt Vn m qv g | e ' v ej qg } ed Xg qf e{ w s ef qn Vd m Dw
n
283

x Vg qf & u f ej eg Xg qf qm qd xe f j Ti f qj eg Vg f I &f ei x m } ed &g v i Dj q ed Ie $m n n I If m ew qd r 1 V ef e} V f ef q{ &r u m D ef e ed &{ D v n xx b ed Vg f )n ef &{ i d & ! j I ef I{ m X f Ix qf r Xn Df qd e{ r g ~ &w D & &i q g Xn Df u &
/c,
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