The program "Pioneer"

"Pioneer - 10", the first space vehicle started in March, 1972 to the Jove, has reached

 the purpose only in December, 1973.Its main task was studying conditions in vicinities of the Jove and obtaining of photos. Scientists were afraid of effect of radiation of the Jove on the devices established on the ship, is especial because "Pioneer - 10" should fly by above equatorial areas of the Jove where intensity of radiation should be the greatest.

Actually the instrumentation of "Pioneer - 10" worked perfectly. It has passed on distance less than 132000 kms from the Jove and has transmitted data about a magnetic field which appeared though also high-power, but other on structure, than earth and also about zones of radiation. Devices of a space vehicle almost were very high. If "Pioneer - 10" has approached closer, radiation absolutely would put them out of action. After a meeting with the Jove "Pioneer - 10" began infinite trip from the space. It has left the Solar system in 1980th years.

In one year, in April, 1973, "Pioneer - 11" who has reached  vicinities of the Jove in December, 1974 was started. This time approach occurred to a planet on the part of its  pole; the spacecraft has rather fast passed through equatorial areas, successfully having avoided dangerous effect of radiation. The received data have confirmed results of "Pioneer - 10". Then, Having passed by the Jove, "Pioneer - 11" has left into other orbit for a meeting with Saturn in 1979.

This photo of the Jove was received December, 1, 1973 when space probe " pioneer - 10 " has come nearer to a planet on distance 2,5 million km. Rough outlines of belts are appreciable. Dark a spot - shadow from IН, nearest of large satellites who goes in an external part the Jove magnetospheres; IН it is more, than our moon.

This photo was received by "Pioneer - 11" December, 6, 1974 from distance 1,1 million km from a planet. The large Red Spot is clearly visible and on closer examination it finds out, that it has certain internal structure.

The picture is received in December, 12, 1974 when "Pioneer - 11" was on distance of 1207 thousand kms from the Jove. North Pole of a planet under a latitude near 50 gram  is seen. The pole is approximately there where the line terminator crosses "top" of a planet. It is one of the most expressive kinds of a planet on whom the obvious difference in a surface texture of polar areas and  zones of equator is appreciable.