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Pulkovo Databases
System of astrometrical databases of Pulkovo observatory.
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Information about observations

Description of the table presented on this page:
  1. Object: numbers of minor planets are given according to catalog of minor planets. PHEMU - photometrical and astrometrical observations of mutual phenomena in system of Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
  2. Instrument which was used for observations (all sizes are given in millimeters). 
    PNA   normal astrograph at Pulkovo(D=300,F=3400)                           
P26   26-inch refractor at Pulkovo(D=650,F=10413)                          
AKD   short-focus double astrograph at Pulkovo(F=100,D=700)                
LPT   lunar-planetary telescope in Ordubad expedition(F=700,D=10000)       
BSch  Schmidt telescope at Baldone (Latvia) (F=1200,D=2400)                
ZDA   Zeiss double astrograph(D=400,F=3000)                         
FAS   FAS-3A camera in Ordubad expedition (Azerbaijan) (F=250,D=480)
EA    expeditional astrograph in Bolivia(F=200,D=2260)              
Z160  Zeiss camera in Cuba(F=160,D=700)                             
Z400  Zeiss telescope at Zelenchuk(F=400,D=2000)
  3. Period of observations
  4. Type of observations: photographical or CCD
  5. Type of coordinates equatorial (RA,DEC) or relative to some other object (X,Y).
  6. Reference catalog: for observations on 26-inch refractor and LPT reference catalogs have not been used (according to 'scale-trail' technique).
  7. Epoch of equator and equinox. 'date' means that this epoch is the same that epoch of an observation.
  8. Ref.frame: topocentric or geocentric
  9. Mean accuracy of 1 obs.
  10. Ephem.: source of ephemeris which has been compared with observations to estimate accuracy of the observatons. 
    ITA, AE, Amer.Ephem. - ephemeris calculated in ITA, or published in AE USSR,
                       or in Astronomical Ephemeris.
               EPOS  - ephemeris calculated by means of EPOS program, which
                       is developed for calculation of various ephemeres of
                       Solar system objects.
                       1999 - EPOS, user's manual, GAO RAN, Lvov V.N. et al.
        DE200, DE405 - JPL ephemeres.
             Clemens - United States Naval Observatory Circular, #90, 1960.
                  G5 - Arlot J.E., 1982,  Astron.& Astrophys., v. 107, p.305. 
             Sampson - Sampson's ephemeris of Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
       VSOP82, IMCCE - Institute of celestial mechanics, Paris (Bureau des longitudes)
              GUST86 - J.Laskar, R.A.Jacobson, 1987, Astron. & Astrophys., #1, v.188, p.212.
                 New - new ephemeris of Pluto, which was obtained by improving Pluto's
                       orbital elements with the regard for 211 observations
                       obtained in Pulkovo.
  11. Publication: number of article (in the list of articles for the selected object) in which observations were published. 
Mercury                   Uranus
Venus                    Neptune
Mars                       Pluto
Jupiter            minor planets
Saturn                    comets
(1)
Object 		(2)
Instrument		 (3)
Obs. Period		 (4)
Obs. type		 (5)
Type of coord.		 (6)
Reference catalog		 (7)
Epoch		 (8)
Ref. Frame		 (9)
Mean accuracy of 1 obs.		 (10)
Ephem.		 (11)
Publication

Minor planets:
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 18, 39, 40, 532, 704

 PNA 1974-1994 photo RA,DEC. AGK3
PPM		 1950.0
2000.0		 topoc. 0".3;0".4 ITA 15-22

Minor planets:
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 18, 40

 PNA 1957-1959 photo RA,DEC. Yale 1950.0 topoc. (0".12-0".19)
(0".12-0".38)		 Amer.Eph. 6

Minor planets:
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11,18,
39, 40, 389, 532, 704, 148

 PNA 1994-1997 photo RA,DEC PPM 2000.0 topoc. 0".22;0".18 EPOS 28

3385-Bronina

 PNA 1994 photo RA,DEC PPM 2000.0 geoc. 1".72;0".34 EPOS 27

39-Leticia

 PNA 1998 photo RA,DEC Tycho-2 2000.0 geoc. 0".37;0".28 EPOS 27

2-Pallas

 PNA 1987-1992 photo RA,DEC Tycho-2 2000.0 topoc. 0".20;0".20 EPOS 25

762-Pulkova

 PNA 1994-2000 photo RA,DEC PPM, Tycho-2 2000.0 geoc. 0".30;0".30 EPOS 24

3-Juno

 PNA 1998-2002 photo RA,DEC Tycho-2 2000.0 topoc. 0".23;0".22 EPOS 26

4179-Toutatis

 PNA, P26 1992 photo RA,DEC PPM 2000.0 topoc. 0".60-(PNA);0".53-(P26) ITA 30

Minor planets:
6, 29,45, 65, 121,129,
130, 283, 564, 617, 762, 816, 1062

 PNA 2005 CCD RA,DEC UCAC2

2000.0

 topoc. m<15.5 0".07;0".07
m15.5 0"19;0".15		 EPOS  

Hale-Bopp comet

 P26 1997 photo RA,DEC PPM 2000.0 topoc. 0".35;0".37 ITA 2

Halley comet

 PNA 1985-1986 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 0".8 ITA 1

Halley comet

 P26 1985-1986 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 0".6 ITA 1

Halley comet

 FAS 1985-1986 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 1".3;1".6 ITA 1

Halley comet

 EA 1985-1986 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 1".0;0".8 ITA 1

Halley comet

 Z160 1985-1986 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 3".0 ITA 1

Machholtz comet

 PNA 2004-2005 CCD RA,DEC UCAC2, 
USNO-A2.0		 2000.0 topoc.      

Mercury

 P26 1973, 2003 photo             1, 2

Venus

 AKD 1969, 1972 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 0".40;0".30 РХ 1, 2

Mars

 AKD 1960-1967 photo RA,DEC Yale 1950.0 geoc. 0".30;0".40 Clemens 1, 2, 16

Mars

 AKD 1973-1982 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geoc. 0".40;0".35 ITA 7, 18

Mars

 PNA 1979-1980 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geoc. 0".24;0".30 РХ 12, 13

Mars

 PNA 1981-1982 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geoc. 0".36;0".26 VSOP82 6

Mars and its satellites 1, 2

 P26 1982 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geoc. 0".14;0".08 VSOP82 19

Satellites of Mars 1, 2

 P26, PNA 1973 photo RA,DEC
X, Y		 AGK3 1950.0 geoc. (1) 0".50;0".50
(1/2) 0".46;0".46
ITA		 5

Mars and its satellites 1, 2

 LPT 1986 photo X,Y
RA,DEC
FOCAT		 Date
2000.0		 geoc. (1/M) 0".47;0".47
(2/M) 0".50;0".50
(1/2) 0"30;0".50
(1) 0".29;0".37
(M) 0".43;0".50		 ITA 14

Satellites of Mars 1, 2

 P26, LPT 1988 photo X, Y   Date topoc. P26:
(1/M) 0".39;0".29
(2/M) 0".44;0".44
(1/2) 0".33;0"43
LPT:
(1/M) 0".35;0".38
(2/M) 0"45;0".50
(1/2) 0".41;0".39		 ITA 9

Mars and Deimos

 PNA 1988 photo RA,DEC FOCAT 2000.0 geoc. (M) 0".42;0".41
(D) 0".36;0"36		 ITA
DE200		 15

Satellites of Mars 1, 2

 LPT 1988 photo RA,DEC
X, Y		 FOCAT 2000.0 topoc. (1) 0".26;0".26
(2) 0".27;0".25
(1/2) 0".26;0".25		 ITA 10

Satellites of Jupiter
1-4 (sat/Jupiter)

 P26 1976-1981 photo X, Y   Date topoc. X: ( 0".10-0".15)
Y: (0".12-0".22)		 G5 4

Satellites of Jupiter
1-4 (sat/Jupiter)

 LPT 1984-1986 photo X, Y   Date topoc. (1) 0".13;0".13
(2) 0".10;0".15
(3) 0".10;0".17
(4) 0".13;0".37		 G5 7

Jupiter

 AKD 1974-1978 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 topoc. 0".40;0".35 DE200 3

PHEMU-2003

 P26 2003 CCD             7

Satellites of Jupiter 1-4

 PNA 1978-1979 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geoc. 0".30;0".40 Sampson 1, 2

Saturn

 PNA 1973-1984 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geo/topo 0".25;0".22 ITA 16

Saturn

 P26 1975-1981 photo RA,DEC AGK3
PPM		 1950.0
2000.0		 geo/topo 0".28;0".27 ITA 16

Saturn

 P26 1994-2003 photo RA,DEC Tycho-2 2000.0 topoc. 0".12;0".16 DE405 19

Satellites of Saturn
1-6, 8

 PNA 1973-1984 photo RA,DEC AGK3
PPM		 1950.0
2000.0		 topo/geo 0".20-0".40
0".20-0".40		 ITA 19

Satellites of Saturn
1-6, 8

 P26 1975-1981 photo RA,DEC AGK3
PPM		 1950.0
2000.0		 topo/geo 0".20-0".40
0".20-0".30		 ITA 19

Satellites of Saturn
1-6, 8 (sat/Saturn)

 P26 1975-1981 photo X, Y sc.-tr. Date topoc. X: 0".15-0".37
Y: 0".11-0".25		 ITA 19

Satellites of Saturn
2-6, 8 (sat/sat)

 P26 1994-2003 photo X, Y sc.-tr. Date topoc. 0".15;0".15 JPL 8, 9

Satellites of Saturn
2-8 (sat/sat)

 P26 1995-2003 CCD X, Y sc.-tr. Date topoc. 0".045;0".055 IMCCE 18

Saturn, Titan

 AKD 1973-1975 photo RA,DEC AGK3 1950.0 geoc. 0".30;0".40 DE200 4

Uranus

 PNA 1919-1967 photo RA,DEC Yale 1950.0 geoc. 0".24;0".18 РХ 5

Uranus

 PNA 1968-1974 photo RA,DEC FOCAT-S 1950.0 geoc. 0".24;0".29 DE200 3

Uranus

 PNA 2002-2004 photo RA,DEC Tycho-2 2000.0 geoc. 0".25;0".30 DE200 2, 4

Uranus

 ZDA 1987-1994 photo RA,DEC PPM 2000.0 geoc. 0".18;0".24 DE404 1

Satellites of Uranus 3, 4

 ZDA 1987-1994 photo RA,DEC PPM 2000.0 geoc. 0".42;0".46 GUST86 1

Satellites of Uranus 3, 4 (sat/Uran)

 ZDA 1987-1994 photo X, Y PPM 2000.0 geoc. 0".41;0".43 GUST86 1

Satellites of Uranus 3, 4 (4/3)

 ZDA 1987-1994 photo X, Y PPM 2000.0 geoc. 0".52;0".51 GUST86 1

Neptune

 PNA 1899-1955 photo RA,DEC Yale 1950.0 geoc. 0".24;0".17 РХ 1

Pluto

 PNA 1930-1994 photo RA,DEC FK5* 2000.0 geoc. 0".27;0".33 New 1

Pluto

 BSch 1991-1994
1995,1996		 photo RA,DEC FOCAT-S 2000.0 geoc. 0".23;0".34 DE200 5

Pluto

 Z400 1985-1994 photo RA,DEC FOCAT-S 2000.0 geoc.   DE200