Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.naic.edu/general/PDF/RI/John_Noto.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Mon May 14 16:19:24 2012 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Wed Feb 6 09:33:46 2013 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: annular

Optics at a Radio Observatory? What!
John Noto, R.B. Kerr, M.A. Migliozzi, J. Riccobono Scientific Solutions Inc. Pedrina, Terra,S. Gonzalez, Craig Tepley, R. Garcia, E. Robles, J. Friedman NAIC


Scientific Solutions
· Formed in 1995 by observational space, atmospheric, and planetary physicists, SSI specializes in the fabrication of both classic Air-Gap Fabry-PÈrot Interferometers and next-generation Liquid Crystal Fabry-PÈrot (LCFP) tunable optical filters.

·Our mission is to integrate innovative electro-optic technology into novel imaging, and communications systems - and to provide new frequency agile solutions for spectroscopy.

We Sort Light

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Some Recent Solutions ·Air gap Fabry-Perot Interferomters (Observatory Class) several installed around the world ·Arecibo, Millstone Hill, Cerro Tololo ·LCFP solid state, rapid tuning award winning ·Photonics circle of excellence ·R&D 100 ·SHS multiplex spectrometer optically contacted glass monolith, very rugged ideal for smaller spacecraft payloads

·Tiny UV Photometer developed for a "cubesat " monitors the ionosphere from space
·Optical diagnostic sensor commercial gas sensing product w/ Woods End Inc.

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Fabry-Perot interferometer
·Observe dynamics of mesosphere and thermosphere over mesoscale distances (100-800 km) by measurements of Dopper shifts of spectral emissions (O1S, OH, O+,O1D) ·observe neutral dynamical effects of ion-neutral coupling ·Point measurements, line of sight

·Common volume required to get all three components of wind vector.
·Broad coverage desirable for studies of thermospheric dynamics
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Facility Instruments
·Upgraded Interferometers at two national observatories:
·Arecibo, where it is used to measure temperature, density and light atom escaping population ·Millstone Hill, where it is used to monitor the thermospheric environment (~200-400Km)

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Line profiles measure energetic populations


The top panel is a Fabry-Perot scan in the early morning twilight (0443 A.S.T., earth UV shadow height near 500 km). The bottom panel is a similar scan taken near local midnight, when the earth UV shadow height is near 20,000 km. Each scan shown here required 4.5 minutes to acquire using a photomultiplier tube for the Fabry-Perot detector. The Fabry-Perot field of view on the sky is 0o.42.

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Flat fielddark subtract remove hot pixels remove stars annular sum analyze

·10 minute exposure ·three orders

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Scatterplots of effective neutral exospheric temperature derived from the 6563å emission line width in 2007 and 2008 with the upgraded V-FPI at Arecibo. The general decrease of H temperature with altitude (gravitational cooling) is evident.

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Something New!

OCTOBER 30, 2009 50 IMAGES
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·732nm O+ emission ·Twilight only ·Observed with radar and FPI ·First non-radar ion temperatures at AO
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Helium!
January metastable helium data fit for temperature, intensity and center wavelength.

Formation of metastable helium layer

Temperature and dynamics at the exobase and above.

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Neutral winds have significant effect upon Fregion density

·The electron density at a given altitude may vary an order of magnitude depending upon the direction and speed of the wind. ·hmax heights may vary by 100 km depending on direction of meridional component
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Millstone Hill Doppler Imager

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"Big Deal, Craig Tepley & Dwight Sipler were measuring airglow when you where in kindergarten....." Highly automated & internet aware:
Smart parts Starts automatically Calibrates itself (flat field and spectrally) Takes data Sends data to SSI for analysis

SSI's "airglow server ":
Fits data Checks data quality (automatically tabulated 3 levels of data quality) Calculates geophysical parameters Sends data to Madrigal & website (www.neutralwinds.com) ftp's data to anybody who wants it.

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Millstone Summary

100mm clear aperture Errors +/-: 1-2 m/s & 10
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Wind vectors every 4 minutes Temperatures Gradients Nightly system drift operates 21-26 days per month

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Future Directions
Millstone Tighter integration with radar Real-time sky quality via LWIR photometry Vertical winds? Arecibo Duplicate everything done at Millstone! Burnside 9-position observations Divergence & Curl of wind field Global Coverage Is there a need? O&M requirements lifetime

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· · · · · ·

6300å winds & tempertures 150mm (6") diameter etalon Multiple orders 1m/s or less errors 2-3 minutes time resolution Intensity calibrated · · · · · · · Carbon fiber construction Sealed tube Plastic optics Inexpensive camera Robotic alt-az mount All weather? Clamshell housing?

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Next Generation: Synchronized imaging on multiple systems
Using a single pointing head and two optical filters, simultaneously acquire images at different wavelengths. Synchronized acquisition realized through interprocess communication between multiple instances of ImageTool on the network.
IPC

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Features
A Virtual Space Weather observatory, which can be controlled by a TCP-client over a network, using Client -Server Architecture Now possible to remotely control multiple systems to acquire data simultaneously.
Remote Client

Network

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Vision and Challenges
Extend the Virtual Instruments to a Virtual Observatory of 50100 instruments-FPI's, imagers, spectrographs Software challenges:
­ To develop a intelligent, location-aware, client-server system that uses minimal human intervention. ­ Automatic data acquisition on all systems, GPS synchronized. ­ Automatic evaluation of image quality ­ Image database management

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Arecibo Summary
So Far: Array detection

Robotic operation (4 years of data)
Higher sensitivity and adaptability The Future: Arecibo can help develop.... Distributed instrumentation

Virtual facilities
Distance learning?????


The First Step
Culebra Island
Darker skies & Drier climate Can be automated from the ground up common volume observations w/ Arecibo

Opportunity to upgrade:
Photometers CCD detection no-tilting Spectrograph CCD detection

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Distance Learning
Seacoast science center-NH seacoast Upgraded 2005 Gregg learning center (Senator Judd Gregg) Skype, Internet 2, PolyCom video conferencing Interactive desks (25) Site-Site or Multipoint

Full production studio

170 distance learning providers Green screen Programs vetted by Center for Interactive learning Collaboration (CILC) $150 for a live webinar ~60 minutes

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Thank You!

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Data Filtering and Quality Assessment
Data points are rejected if any of the following conditions exist: - the spectral profile width is 20% larger or 20% smaller than the median width - the spectral profile line center parameter in arbitrary bin units is either 20% larger or smaller than the median line center - the constant term of the spectral background is 10 times larger than the median - The residuals are more than three times the median - The spectral amplitude is less than 20% of the spectral background -Data quality code of "2" ("be dubious") if any of these conditions are met: ·The total residuals (data values minus Gaussian fit values) exceed 75 ADU/pixel ·The constant background term is larger than 200 ADU/pixel · The spectral amplitude parameter is less than half of the constant background Gaussian fit parameter. ·The moon is more than 90% illuminated Data ·The ·The · The ·The quality 1 if any of these conditions are met: total residuals (data values minus Gaussian fit values) exceed 5 ADU/pixel constant background term is larger than 50 ADU/pixel spectral amplitude parameter is less than 75% of the constant background moon is more than 75% illuminated

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