G74.0−8.5     Cygnus Loop

• Right Ascension: 20 51 00
• Declination: +30 40
• Size (/arcmin): 230×160
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 210
• Spectral Index: varies

Notes: Has been suggested that this is two overlapping remnants.

Radio: Shell, brightest to the NE, with fainter breakout region to S, with spectral variations.

Optical: Large filamentary loop, brightest to the NE, not well defined to the S or W.

X-ray: Shell in soft X-rays.

Point sources: Several compact radio sources within the boundary of the remnant, including CL4, plus X-ray sources in S.

Distance: Optical proper motion and shock velocity gives 0.44 kpc.

References:

• Green 1990, AJ, 100, 1927. DRAO at 408 MHz (3'.3×6'.7) for spectral index study, plus X-ray and optical. ADS
• Graham et al. 1991, AJ, 101, 175. Shocked molecular H outside rim in NE. ADS
• Shull & Clarke 1991, PASP, 103, 811. Optical spectroscopy of nearside filaments. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1992, AJ, 104, 719. Hα imagery. ADS
• Long et al. 1992, ApJ, 400, 214. Optical of Balmer dominated filament. ADS
• Arendt et al. 1992, ApJ, 400, 562. IRAS observations. ADS
• Hester et al. 1994, ApJ, 420, 721. Hα, [OIII] and other optical observations of Balmer dominated filaments in NE. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Levenson et al. 1997, ApJ, 484, 304. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Leahy et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2081. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1'×2'), including polarisation. ADS
• Leahy & Roger 1998, ApJ, 505, 784. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1'.0×1'.9) and 408 MHz (3'.4×6'.9), for spectral index studies in comparison with other radio observations. ADS
• Levenson et al. 1998, ApJS, 118, 541. Optical images. ADS
• Roger et al. 1999, A&AS, 137, 7. 22 MHz flux density (S=1400±400 Jy). ADS
• Bohigas et al. 1999, ApJ, 518, 324. Optical spectroscopy of surroundings. ADS
• Levenson et al. 1999, ApJ, 526, 874. ROSAT images. ADS
• Blair et al. 1999, AJ, 118, 942. HST observations, for distance. ADS
• Aschenbach & Leahy 1999, A&A, 341, 602. ROSAT image, and comparison with radio. ADS
• Danforth et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 2319. UV, optical and X-ray comparison of selected regions. ADS
• Miyata et al. 2001, ApJ, 550, 1023. ASCA observations of compact X-ray sources. ADS
• Miyata & Tsunemi 2001, ApJ, 552, 624. ASCA spectroscopy of regions in N and E. ADS
• Ghavamian et al. 2001, ApJ, 547, 995. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
• Danforth et al. 2001, AJ, 122, 938. Far-UV spectroscopy, Hα and other optical observations of NE region. ADS
• Levenson & Graham 2001, ApJ, 559, 948. HST of SE region. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2002, A&A, 389, L61. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4'.3) including polarisation, and comparison with ROSAT data. ADS
• Leahy 2002, AJ, 123, 2689. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (4'×2') for HI. ADS
• Blair et al. 2002, ApJS, 140, 367. UV spectroscopy. ADS
• Welsh et al. 2002, A&A, 391, 705. Optical absorption to background stars. ADS
• Sankrit & Blair 2002, ApJ, 565, 297. UV observations of NE filament. ADS
• Levenson et al. 2002, ApJ, 576, 798. Chandra observations of W edge. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14'.5: S=184±18 Jy). ADS
• Leahy 2004, MNRAS, 351, 385. Chandra observations of SW. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2004, A&A, 426, 909. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4'.3), with comparison with other data for spectral index studies. ADS
• Blair et al. 2005, AJ, 129, 2268. HST of outer filaments. ADS
• Leahy 2005, AJ, 130, 165. DRAO at 1.4 GHz of SE. ADS
• Levenson & Graham 2005, ApJ, 622, 366. Chandra observations of knot in SE. ADS
• Sun et al. 2006, A&A, 447, 937. Urumqi 25-m at 4.8 GHz (9'.5: S=90±9 Jy), with comparisons with other data for spectral index studies. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2006, ApJS, 163, 344. X-ray upper limit on compact sources. ADS
• Seon et al. 2006, ApJ, 644, L175. Far UV observations. ADS
• Sankrit et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1383. UV observations of part. ADS
• Tsunemi et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1717. XMM observations of NE to SW. ADS
• Miyata et al. 2007, PASJ, 59, S163. Suzaku observations of NE. ADS
• Nemes et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 1293. XMM observations of NE. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1198. Chandra observations of NE. ADS
• Uchida et al. 2008, ApJ, 688, 1102. XMM observations. ADS
• Uchida et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, 503. Suzaku observations of N. ADS
• Kimura et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, S137. Suzaku observations from NE to SW. ADS
• Tsunemi et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, S147. Suzaku observations of SE. ADS
• Kosugi et al. 2010, PASJ, 62, 1035. Suzaku observations of SE. ADS
• Sankrit et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1092. Spitzer observations. ADS
• McEntaffer & Brantseg 2011, ApJ, 730, 99. Chandra observations of E. ADS
• Katagiri et al. 2011, ApJ, 741, 44. Fermi observations. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2012, ApJ, 754, L7. Suzaku and XMM observations. ADS
• Leahy & Hassan 2013, ApJ, 764, 55. Suzaku and XMM observations of SW. ADS
• Oakley et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 51. X-ray spectroscopy. ADS

Last updated: 23 May 2014