G189.1+3.0     IC443, 3C157

• Right Ascension: 06 17 00
• Declination: +22 34
• Size (/arcmin): 45
• Type: C
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 160
• Spectral Index: 0.36

Radio: Limb-brightened to NE, with faint extension to the E.

Optical: Brightest to the NE, with faint filaments outside the NE boundary.

X-ray: Shell, brightest to the NE, plus compact source with nebula.

Point sources: X-ray source and nebula in S.

Distance: Mean optical velocity suggests 0.7–1.5 kpc, association with S249 gives 1.5–2 kpc.

References:

• Fesen 1984, ApJ, 281, 658. Optical of filament to far NE. ADS
• Erickson & Mahoney 1985, ApJ, 290, 596. TPT at 4 frequencies between 31 and 74 MHz (13'×11' to 5'.4×4'.7), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Braun & Strom 1986, A&A, 164, 193. WSRT at 327 MHz (72''×185'') and 1.4 GHz (17''×43''), plus HI and IRAS. ADS
• Green 1986, MNRAS, 221, 473. 151 MHz observations (1'.2×3'.1) and Half-Mile Telescope at 1.4 GHz (2'.1×5'.4). ADS
• Mufson et al. 1986, AJ, 92, 1349. Radio, IR, optical, UV and X-ray comparison, including VLA at 1.6 GHz (3".8×3".3 and 40''). ADS
• Petre et al. 1988, ApJ, 335, 215. Einstein and other X-ray observations. ADS
• Dickel et al. 1989, AJ, 98, 1363. VLA at 1.4 GHz (1".1×1".2) of NE. ADS
• Burton et al. 1990, ApJ, 355, 197. IR observations of shocked O₂. ADS
• Wood et al. 1991, AJ, 102, 224. VLA at 5 GHz (3".6×3".8) of northeast, including polarisation. ADS
• Wang & Scoville 1992, ApJ, 386, 158. Observations of shocked molecular species. ADS
• Turner et al. 1992, ApJ, 399, 114. Observations of shocked molecular species. ADS
• Dickman et al. 1992, ApJ, 400, 203. Observations of shocked molecular species. ADS
• van Dishoeck et al. 1993, A&A, 279, 541. Observations of shocked molecular species. ADS
• Asaoka & Aschenbach 1994, A&A, 284, 573. X-ray, including possible overlapping remnant. ADS
• Tauber et al. 1994, ApJ, 421, 570. Observations of shocked molecular species. ADS
• Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH maser emission. ADS
• Claussen et al. 1997, ApJ, 489, 143. VLA of associated OH masers. ADS
• Seta et al. 1998, ApJ, 505, 286. CO observations of surroundings. ADS
• Claussen et al. 1999, ApJ, 522, 349. High resolution observations of OH masers. ADS
• Oliva et al. 1999, A&A, 341, L75. ISO observations. ADS
• Cesarsky et al. 1999, A&A, 348, 945. ISO observations of shocked molecular H₂. ADS
• Bocchino & Bykov 2000, A&A, 362, L29. BeppoSAX observations. ADS
• Rho et al. 2001, ApJ, 547, 885. ISO and 2Mass IR spectroscopy and imaging. ADS
• Olbert et al. 2001, ApJ, 554, L205. Chandra of compact X-ray source and surrounding nebula. ADS
• Bocchino & Bykov 2001, A&A, 376, 248. XMM of compact X-ray source and surrounding nebula. ADS
• Bocchino & Bykov 2003, A&A, 400, 203. XMM observations of compact sources. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14'.5: S=160±5 Jy). ADS
• Welsh & Sallmen 2003, A&A, 408, 545. Optical absorption studies. ADS
• Leahy 2004, AJ, 127, 2277. DRAO at 408 MHz (3'.3×8'.6) and 1.4 GHz (1'.0×2'.6), for spectral index studies. ADS
   also see: Leahy 2004, AJ, 128, 1478. Addendum. ADS
• Snell et al. 2005, ApJ, 620, 758. Molecular line and IR observations of shocked material. ADS
• Bykov et al. 2005, ApJ, 624, L41. Chandra observations of compact source. ADS
• Kawasaki et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, 935. ASCA observations. ADS
• Gaensler et al. 2006, ApJ, 648, 1037. Chandra of X-ray source and nebula. ADS
• Hewitt et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1288. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz (7'.2) for OH, and VLA at 330 MHz (74''×64''). ADS
• Neufeld et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 890. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Rosado et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 89. Observations of shocked H₂. ADS
• Albert et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, L87. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
• Lee et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 796. VLA at 1.4 GHz (39''×42'') including HI. ADS
• Troja et al. 2008, A&A, 485, 777. XMM observations. ADS
• Bocchino et al. 2008, AdSpR, 41, 396. Integral observations. ADS
• Bykov et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 1050. XMM, Chandra and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Bocchino et al. 2009, A&A, 498, 139. XMM observations. ADS
• Hirschauer et al. 2009, ApJ, 696, 1533. Optical absorption spectroscopy. ADS
• Acciari et al. 2009, ApJ, 698, L133. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Yamaguchi et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, L6. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 262. HI Zeeman splitting observations. ADS
• Tavani et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, L151. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Yuan & Neufeld 2011, ApJ, 726, 76. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Xu et al. 2011, ApJ, 727, 81. CO observations of region. ADS
• Shinn et al. 2011, ApJ, 732, 124. AKARI observations of H₂. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9'.5: S=85±9 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Lee et al. 2012, ApJ, 749, 34. CO and HCO⁺ of region. ADS
• Taylor et al. 2012, ApJ, 750, L15. Optical absorption of background stars. ADS
• Yuan et al. 2012, ApJ, 753, 126. Spitzer spectroscopy. ADS
• Shinn et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 34. AKARI observations of H₂. ADS
• Satterfield et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 27. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
• Ackermann et al. 2013, Science, 339, 807. Fermi observations. ADS
• Hezareth et al. 2013, A&A, 558, A45. CO observations, including polarisation, of region. ADS
• Kokasho et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, L8. IR observations of [FeII], plus AKARI and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 30 May 2014