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Status of Experiments for Direct Detection
of Particle Dark Matter
Peter F. Smith
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K.
Three general categories of particle have been considered as can-
didates for Galactic Dark Matter - neutrinos, axions and weakly
interacting massive particles (WIMPS). The main experimental
principles available for detecting these will be outlined. The ma-
jority of world eort is currently concentrated on sensitive WIMP
searches, motivated in particular by supersymmetry theory, which
predicts a stable neutral particle in the mass range 10-1000 GeV
and which would have clustered in Galaxies in association with
baryonic matter. These would produce low energy nuclear recoils,
which are being sought by underground low background scintilla-
tor and cryogenic techniques capable of distinguishing these from
background events. World progress towards bringing these tech-
niques to the required sensitivity is summarised, together with
current experimental limits.
Further developments include detectors with directional sensitiv-
ity, allowing correlation of any signals with the earth-WIMP rel-
ative motion. The rst of these forms part of the expanded dark
matter programme at the UK Boulby Mine facility. Relic neutri-
nos could also form a component of the dark matter if any has
a cosologically signicant mass, and a new detector is proposed
to determine this from a Galactic supernova burst. More distant
future possibilities for direct detection of relic neutrinos will be
outlined.
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