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The Mass-Density of the Universe and the
Distribution of Dark Matter
Neta A. Bahcall
Princeton University, USA
One of the most fundamental questions of cosmology is: How
much matter is there in the Universe and how is it distributed?
Here we show that several independent measures - including those
utilizing clusters of galaxies - all indicate that the mass-density
of the Universe is low: only 20-30% of the critical density. Re-
cent measurements of the mass-to-light function - from galaxies,
to groups, clusters, and superclusters - provide a powerful new
measure of the universal density. The results reveal a low den-
sity of 0.16+-0.05. The observations suggest that, on average, the
mass distribution follows the light distribution on large scales.
The results, combined with the recent observations of high red-
shift supernovae and the spectrum of the CMB anisotropy, suggest
a Universe that has low density, is at, and is dominated by dark
energy.
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