Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.mao.kiev.ua/lao/presentation/zvyagintsev_Stratosphere%20Ozone_Kiev%20SSch08.pdf
Дата изменения: Wed Sep 24 17:23:12 2008
Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 06:17:00 2012
Кодировка:
Поисковые слова: п п п п п п п п п п п п п п п п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п р п

Ozone in atmosphere: General concepts, units of measurements, sources and sinks, basic observational results: vertical distribution, geographical distribution, periodical and aperiodical variability, relations aperiodical relations with solar and geophysical factors
A.M. Zvyagintsev (azvyagintsev@cao-rhms.ru) Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Dolgoprudny, Moscow reg., Russia

3

· 1840 Schoenbein () ( ) , . : 1) ( ), ; 2) ; 3) , . (-) , .

(forcing) 2000 . 1750 . ( IPCC)

30

( 1880-1905 .): 230-290 nm (Hartley), tl 320-340 nm (Huggins), 560-610 nm (Chappuis), 4.8-10 mcm (Angstroem)

· - () N3, -3 -3. (-): p V = R T /M : · 1) ( ) 3,, -3; · 2) p3, ; · 3) () r3 = p3/p, -1. = 20 : 2 -3 = 1 -1 . () - , -; 1 = 1 (..). 0.3 300 ..

· · 1860 1910-1935 Fabry ( . 1929), Goetz ( , 1926 . , «Das Atmosphaerische Ozon» - 1931), Dobson ( 6 : 1924-1926; , . , , , .), (1930), 1957 (), . 300 1960 ( ) 1962 (, ) 1966 ; : SBUV, TOMS, OMI, GOME (); SAGE () 1976 (NASA, ; - 1946) : (1945), (NOAA, 1972), (1985) 1985 1987 ,

· · · · · · · ·

( 2 ). : 1) : O3 + H2O + 2 KI = O2 + 2 KOH + I2 ; 2) ; 3) ( , ) ; 4)

: , NOx, OH Cl. : , NOx; , - .

p3

: ( WOUDC)

1. (>1 ) ( 220 ..?) 2. ( ) ( , . . ) 3. ,

( . « »)

: 1979-1995 , 1996 (, ., , )
470 450 430 410 390 370 350 330 310 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

3660 N CATO (Harris et al., Ann. Geophys., Geophys 2008)

X = Annual + Trend + QBO + Solar + AO + ... + Residual , Annual(m) = A0 + (Ais sin m + Aic cos m) , = l( 2/12 ; Trend(m) = (0 + c cos(m tr)) L(m) , L(m) d( L( L( - ; QBO(m) = (k01 + kc1 cos(m QBO)) QBOI(m) ; ... QBOI(

, , 12.1.005-76. , " ", 2002/3/EC, () 100 -3 = 50 -1

( 20-30 160 -3 ) 30 -3 ?? 1 180 -3 = 90 -1 -3 240 = 120 -1

Air Quality Guidelines, 2005 NAAQS,

1 3 8- 100 -3 = 50 -1 120 -1 1 8- 84 -1

· , . . . .

80

80

70

70

60

60

50

50

40 -10 0 10 20 30 40

40 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Fig. 10. Calculated decadal average O3 volume mixing ratios [ppbv] at the earth surface for TM3 1990s CLE (upper) and at the for (upper) STOCHEM 1990s CLE (). Fig. 11a. Decadal averaged ozone volume mixing ratio differences [ppbv] comparing the 2020s and 1990s for TM3 CLE (upper) and STOCHEM CLE (). After Dentener et al., 2005

28 ( ) 5 -1 (3 -1). ( 1:5)

180 /3 2003 .

Number of exceedances of the threshold value for the information of the public (one-hour ozone concentration > 180 µg/m3) observed at urban/street stations and stations of unspecified type in the EU and other countries, summer 2003 (AprilAugust)

Number of exceedances of the threshold value for the information of the public (one-hour ozone concentration > 180 µg/m3) observed at rural and urban background stations, summer 2003 (April August), interpolated using inverse distance weighting

· 1928 ., . · 1933 · 1933-1935 . (), · 1945 . . · 1951 « » · 1950- . ( .) · 1960 () · 1970 (; 1955) · 1973 -124, ·

- .