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Ilhan Ikeda
Artin $L$-functions (Spring 1997)
Brief outline of the course
This will be an introductory course on Artin $L$-functions (no
prerequisites assumed). After reviewing basic theory of Galois
representations, we will define Artin $L$-functions,
which is the
non-abelian generalization of Hecke $L$-functions, and study the elementary
properties of them. Our third topic will be the statement of Stark's
conjectures about the leading term of the Taylor series expansion of Artin
$L$-functions at $s=0$. This conjecture can be viewed as the non-abelian
generalization of the classical analytic class number formula. We will
reproduce a proof of Stark's conjectures for rational characters (following
T. Chinburg). Finally we will discuss generalizations of Stark's conjecture;
in particular, we will study the unpublished work of B. Gross, on the values
of Artin
$L$-functions utilizing higher $K$-theory.
More precisely, we will discuss the following topics (In what follows,
let $F$ denote a number field; $S$ a finite set consisting of primes of $F$
including the archimedean ones; $K/F$ a finite Galois extension, and $V$ a
finite-dimensional $\Bbb C$-vector space.):
-
Review of elementary algebraic number theory (Dedekind domains,
primes in $F$, ramification theory, properties of $\text{Gal}(K/F)$, inertia
groups, decomposition groups, ramification groups etc.), adele ring $F_{\Bbb
A}$ and idele group $F_{\Bbb A}^\times$ of $F$.
-
Characters of the ideal group $I(F)$ of $F$. Definition of Hecke
(abelian) $L$-function of $F$, basic analytic properties, idelic
interpretation: Hecke characters
$F_{\Bbb A}^\times\rightarrow\Bbb T=\{z\in\Bbb C\mid~\mid z\mid=1\}$ of $F$.
- Important example: $F=\Bbb Q$, Dirichlet
characters and Dirichlet $L$-functions. Class field theory of $\Bbb Q$.
- A transcendental invariant of $F$: regulator $r_F$ of $F$.
- Finiteness of the ideal class group $\text{Cl}(F)$, class number $h_F$ of
$F$. Analytic class number formula of Dirichlet.
-
$\bullet$ Review of linear representations of finite groups (character of
representations, virtual characters, irreducible representations,
orthogonality relations, Frobenius reciprocity, induced representations,
contragradiant representations, Brauer's theorem), linear representations of
$\text{Gal}(K/F)$, Artin conductor $\frak f(\chi)$ of the character
$\chi$ of a representation $\text{Gal}(K/F)\rightarrow GL(V)$.
- Definition of Artin (non-abelian) $L$-functions. Basic formal
properties of Artin $L$-functions (additivity, induction, inflation).
Analytic properties of Artin $L$-functions (application of Brauer's
theorem), ``archimedean factors'' ($\Gamma$-factors), the functional
equation satisfied by Artin $L$-functions. Some conjectures (results of
Arthur, Clozel and Langlands-without proof!).
- $S$-units in $F$, Herbrand isomorphism, Stark's regulator and the
statement of Stark's conjecture, connections with Dirichlet's class number
formula. Equivalent forms of Stark's conjecture.
- Stark's conjecture for rational characters i.e $\text{Im}(\chi)
\subset\Bbb Q$ (the work of T. Chinburg): cohomology of finite groups:
Nakayama-Swan theorems, cohomological methods in class field theory.
- Preliminary notions on $K$-theory, regulators of number fields and the
conjecture of B. Gross.