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Archive-name: space/acronyms
Acronym List for Space and Astronomy
As of 2002 Dec 27
This list is offered as a reference for translating commonly appearing acronyms in the space-related newsgroups. If I forgot or botched your favorite acronym, please let me know! Also, if there's an acronym not on this list that confuses you, drop me a line, and if I can figure it out, I'll add it to the list.
The canonical version of this list is the HTML form, available at http://tla.surly.org/. From that, I generate the text form for USENET posting.
Note that this is intended to be a reference for frequently seen acronyms, and is most emphatically not encyclopedic. If I incorporated every acronym I ever saw, I'd soon run out of disk space. :-)
The list will be posted at regular intervals, every 30 days. All comments regarding it are welcome; I'm reachable at tla@surly.org. NOTE: Due to the high level of spam I receive, you must include the text "tla" in the Subject header of your e-mail, or I will never see your message.
Note that this list just tells what the acronyms stand for -- you're on your own for figuring out what they mean. Note also that the total number of acronyms in use far exceeds what I can list; special-purpose acronyms that are essentially always explained as they're introduced are omitted. Further, some acronyms stand for more than one thing; these acronyms appear on multiple lines.
Thanks to everybody who's sent suggestions since the first version of the list!
PS: Strictly speaking, most of these are "initialisms" or "abbreviations" rather than "acronyms"; pedantically, it's only an "acronym" if you make a word out of it, like "laser" or "radar." In practice, though, everybody calls 'em acronyms.
A&A: | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
AAO: | Anglo-Australian Observatory |
AAS: | American Astronomical Society |
AAS: | American Astronautical Society |
AAVSO: | American Association of Variable Star Observers |
ACE: | Advanced Composition Explorer |
ACRV: | Assured Crew Return Vehicle (or) Astronaut Crew Rescue Vehicle |
AD: | Analog to Digital |
ADFRF: | Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (now DFRC) (NASA) |
AFAIK: | As Far As I Know |
AGN: | Active Galactic Nucleus |
AGU: | American Geophysical Union |
AIAA: | American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |
AIPS: | Astronomical Image Processing System |
AIT: | Assembly, Integration, and Testing |
AJ: | Astronomical Journal |
ALEXIS: | Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors |
ALPO: | Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers |
ALS: | Advanced Launch System |
ANSI: | American National Standards Institute |
AOA: | Abort Once Around (Shuttle abort plan) |
AOA: | Angle Of Attack |
AOCS: | Attitude and Orbit Control System |
Ap.J: | Astrophysical Journal |
APL: | Applied Physics Laboratory (at Johns Hopkins) |
APM: | Attached Pressurized Module (a.k.a. Columbus) |
APU: | Auxiliary Power Unit |
ARC: | Ames Research Center (NASA) |
ARC: | Astrophysical Research Consortium |
ARTEMIS: | Advanced Relay TEchnology MISsion |
ASA: | Astronomical Society of the Atlantic |
ASC: | Agence Spatiale Canadienne (also CSA) |
ASI: | Agenzia Spaziale Italiana |
ASP: | Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
ASRM: | Advanced Solid Rocket Motor |
ATDRS: | Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellite |
ATLAS: | Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science |
ATM: | Amateur Telescope Maker |
ATM: | Apollo Telescope Mount (on Skylab) |
ATO: | Abort To Orbit |
ATV: | Automated Transfer Vehicle |
AU: | Astronomical Unit |
AURA: | Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy |
AW&ST: | Aviation Week and Space Technology (a.k.a. AvLeak) |
AXAF: | Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility |
BAe: | British Aerospace (now BAE SYSTEMS) |
BATSE: | Burst And Transient Source Experiment (on CGRO) |
BBXRT: | Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (ASTRO package) |
BDB: | Big Dumb Booster |
BEM: | Bug-Eyed Monster |
BH: | Black Hole |
BIMA: | Berkeley Illinois Maryland Array |
BIS: | British Interplanetary Society |
BMDO: | Ballistic Missile Defense Office (was SDIO) |
BNSC: | British National Space Centre |
BTW: | By The Way |
CARA: | Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica |
C&T: | Communications & Tracking |
CATS: | Cheap Access To Space |
CCAFS: | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station |
CCAS: | Cape Canaveral Air Station (now once again CCAFS) |
CCD: | Charge-Coupled Device |
CCDS: | Centers for the Commercial Development of Space |
CD-ROM: | Compact Disc Read-Only Memory |
CFA: | Center For Astrophysics |
CFC: | ChloroFluoroCarbon |
CFF: | Columbus Free Flyer |
CFHT: | Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope |
CFIT: | Controlled Flight Into Terrain |
CG: | Center of Gravity |
CGRO: | (Arthur Holley) Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (was GRO) |
CHARA: | Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy |
CIRRIS: | Cryogenic InfraRed Radiance Instrument for Shuttle |
CIT: | Circumstellar Imaging Telescope |
CM: | Command Module (Apollo spacecraft) |
CM: | Center of Mass |
CMBR: | Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation |
CMCC: | Central Mission Control Centre (ESA) |
CNES: | Centre National d'Etude Spatiales |
CNO: | Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen |
CNSR: | Comet Nucleus Sample Return |
COBE: | COsmic Background Explorer |
COMPTEL: | COMPton TELescope (on CGRO) |
COSTAR: | Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement |
COTS: | Cheap Off The Shelf |
CRAF: | Comet Rendezvous / Asteroid Flyby |
CRRES: | Combined Release / Radiation Effects Satellite |
CSA: | Canadian Space Agency (also ASC) |
CSM: | Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft) |
CSTC: | Consolidated Space Test Center (USAF) |
CTIO: | Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory |
CV: | Cataclysmic Variable |
CXBR: | Cosmic X-ray Background Radiation |
DC: | Delta Clipper |
DCX: | Delta Clipper eXperimental |
DDCU: | DC-to-DC Converter Unit |
DDTE: | Design, Development, Test, and Evaluation |
DFRC: | Dryden Flight Research Center |
DFRF: | Dryden Flight Research Facility (was ADFRF, now DFRC) |
DMSP: | Defense Meteorological Satellite Program |
DOD: | Department Of Defense (sometimes DoD) |
DOE: | Department Of Energy |
DOT: | Department Of Transportation |
DRS: | Data Relay Satellite |
DRS: | Direct Receiving Station |
DSO: | Deep Sky (or Space) Object |
DSCS: | Defense Satellite Communications System |
DSN: | Deep Space Network |
DSP: | Defense Support Program (USAF/NRO) |
EAC: | European Astronaut Centre |
EAFB: | Edwards Air Force Base |
ECS: | Environmental Control System |
EDO: | Extended Duration Orbiter |
EGRET: | Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (on CGRO) |
EJASA: | Electronic Journal of the Astronomical Society of the Atlantic |
ELV: | Expendable Launch Vehicle |
EMU: | Extravehicular Mobility Unit |
EOS: | Earth Observing System |
ER: | Eastern Range (was ETR) |
ERS: | Earth Resources Satellite (as in ERS-1) |
ESA: | European Space Agency |
ESIS: | European Space Information System |
ESO: | European Southern Observatory |
ESOC: | European Space Operations Centre |
ET: | (Shuttle) External Tank |
ETLA: | Extended Three Letter Acronym |
ETR: | Eastern Test Range |
EUV: | Extreme UltraViolet |
EUVE: | Extreme UltraViolet Explorer |
EVA: | ExtraVehicular Activity |
FAQ: | Frequently Asked Questions |
FAST: | Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer |
FFT: | Fast Fourier Transform |
FGS: | Fine Guidance Sensors (on HST) |
FHST: | Fixed Head Star Trackers (on HST) |
FIR: | Far InfraRed |
FITS: | Flexible Image Transport System |
FOC: | Faint Object Camera (on HST) |
FOS: | Faint Object Spectrograph (on HST) |
FOV: | Field Of View |
FRC: | Flight Research Center (old name for DFRC) |
FRR: | Flight-Readiness Review |
FTETTM: | From The Earth To The Moon |
FTL: | Faster Than Light |
FTP: | File Transfer Protocol |
FTS: | Flight Telerobotic Servicer |
FUSE: | Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer |
FWHM: | Full Width at Half Maximum |
FYI: | For Your Information |
G: | Gravity |
GAS: | Get-Away Special |
GBT: | Green Bank Telescope |
GCVS: | General Catalog of Variable Stars |
GEM: | Giotto Extended Mission |
GEM: | Galileo Europa Mission |
GEO: | Geosynchronous Earth Orbit |
GDS: | Great Dark Spot |
GHRS: | Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (on HST) |
GIF: | Graphics Interchange Format |
GLOMR: | Global Low-Orbiting Message Relay |
GLOW: | Gross Lift-Off Weight |
GMC: | Giant Molecular Cloud |
GMRT: | Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope |
GMT: | Greenwich Mean Time (also called UT) |
GOES: | Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellite |
GOX: | Gaseous OXygen |
GPC: | General Purpose Computer |
GPS: | Global Positioning System |
GR: | General Relativity |
GRB: | Gamma Ray Burster |
GRC: | Glenn Research Center (NASA) |
GRO: | Gamma Ray Observatory (now CGRO) |
GRS: | Gamma Ray Spectrometer (on Mars Observer) |
GRS: | Great Red Spot |
GSC: | Guide Star Catalog (for HST) |
GSFC: | Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA) |
GTO: | Geostationary Transfer Orbit |
GVI: | Global Village Idiot |
HAO: | High Altitude Observatory |
HD: | Henry Draper catalog entry |
HEAO: | High Energy Astronomical Observatory |
HeRA: | Hermes Robotic Arm |
HF: | High Frequency |
HGA: | High Gain Antenna |
HLC: | Heavy Lift Capability |
HLV: | Heavy Lift Vehicle |
HMC: | Halley Multicolor Camera (on Giotto) |
HOTOL: | HOrizontal TakeOff and Landing (a proposed SSTO craft) |
HR: | Hertzsprung-Russell (diagram) |
HRMS: | High Resolution Microwave Survey |
HRI: | High Resolution Imager (on ROSAT) |
HSP: | High Speed Photometer (on HST) |
HST: | Hubble Space Telescope |
HTH: | Hope This Helps |
HTHL: | Horizontal Takeoff Horizontal Landing |
HTVL: | Horizontal Takeoff Vertical Landing |
HUT: | Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (ASTRO package) |
HV: | High Voltage |
IAPPP: | International Amateur/Professional Photoelectric Photometry |
IAU: | International Astronomical Union |
IAUC: | IAU Circular |
ICE: | International Cometary Explorer |
IDA: | International Dark-sky Association |
IDL: | Interactive Data Language |
IGM: | InterGalactic Medium |
IGY: | International Geophysical Year |
IIRC: | If I Recall Correctly |
IMHO: | In My Humble Opinion |
IMO: | International Meteor Organization |
INTEGRAL: | INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory |
IOTA: | Infrared-Optical Telescope Array |
IOTA: | International Occultation Timing Association |
IPS: | Inertial Pointing System |
IR: | InfraRed |
IRAF: | Image Reduction and Analysis Facility |
IRAS: | InfraRed Astronomical Satellite |
IRFNA: | Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid |
ISAS: | Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan) |
ISM: | InterStellar Medium |
ISO: | Infrared Space Observatory |
ISO: | International Standards Organization |
ISPM: | International Solar Polar Mission (now Ulysses) |
ISPP: | In-Situ Propellant Production |
ISS: | International Space Station |
ISY: | International Space Year |
IUE: | International Ultraviolet Explorer |
IUS: | Inertial Upper Stage |
JEM: | Japanese Experiment Module (for SSF) |
JGR: | Journal of Geophysical Research |
JILA: | Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics |
JPL: | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
JSC: | Johnson Space Center (NASA) |
KAO: | Kuiper Airborne Observatory |
KPNO: | Kitt Peak National Observatory |
KSC: | Kennedy Space Center (NASA) |
KTB: | Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (from German) |
L: | Lagrange (as in Lagrange points L1 through L5) |
LANL: | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
LaRC: | Langley Research Center (NASA) |
LASER: | Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
LDEF: | Long Duration Exposure Facility |
LEM: | Lunar Excursion Module (a.k.a. LM) (Apollo spacecraft) |
LEO: | Low Earth Orbit |
LeRC: | Lewis Research Center (NASA; now GRC) |
LEST: | Large Earth-based Solar Telescope |
LFSA: | List of Frequently Seen Acronyms (!) |
LGA: | Low Gain Antenna |
LGM: | Little Green Men |
LH: | Liquid Hydrogen (also LH2 or LHX) |
LITVC: | Liquid Injection Thrust Vector Control |
LLNL: | Lawrence-Livermore National Laboratory |
LM: | Lunar Module (a.k.a. LEM) (Apollo spacecraft) |
LMC: | Large Magellanic Cloud |
LN2: | Liquid N2 (Nitrogen) |
LOX: | Liquid OXygen |
LPO: | La Palma Observatory |
LPV: | Long Period Variable |
LRB: | Liquid Rocket Booster |
LSR: | Local Standard of Rest |
LTP: | Lunar Transient Phenomenon |
M: | Messier (as in M31, M13, M57, etcetera) |
MACRO: | Monopoles, Astrophysics, and Cosmic Ray Observatory |
MB: | Manned Base |
MCC: | Mission Control Center |
MCD: | Minimum Cost Design |
MCO: | Mars Climate Orbiter |
MECO: | Main Engine CutOff |
MGS: | Mars Global Surveyor |
MHD: | MagnetoHydroDynamic |
MLI: | Multi-Layer Insulation |
MMH: | MonoMethyl Hydrazine |
MMT: | Multiple Mirror Telescope |
MMU: | Manned Maneuvering Unit |
MNRAS: | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
MO: | Mars Observer |
MOC: | Mars Observer Camera (on MO and MGS) |
MOL: | Manned Orbiting Laboratory |
MOLA: | Mars Observer Laser Altimeter (on Mars Observer) |
MOMV: | Manned Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle |
MOTV: | Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle |
MPC: | Minor Planets Circular |
MPEC: | Minor Planets Electronic Circular |
MPL: | Mars Polar Lander |
MRSR: | Mars Rover and Sample Return |
MRSRM: | Mars Rover and Sample Return Mission |
MSFC: | (George C.) Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA) |
MTC: | Man Tended Capability |
NACA: | National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (became NASA) |
NASA: | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NASDA: | NAtional Space Development Agency (Japan) |
NASM: | National Air and Space Museum |
NASP: | National AeroSpace Plane |
NBS: | National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) |
NDV: | NASP Derived Vehicle |
NEAR: | Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (now named NEAR Shoemaker) |
NERVA: | Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application |
NG: | NewsGroup |
NGC: | New General Catalog |
NGST: | Next Generation Space Telescope |
NICMOS: | Near Infrared Camera / Multi Object Spectrometer (HST upgrade) |
NIMS: | Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (on Galileo) |
NIR: | Near InfraRed |
NIST: | National Institute of Standards and Technology (was NBS) |
NLDP: | National Launch Development Program |
NOAA: | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
NOAO: | National Optical Astronomy Observatories |
NORAD: | NORth American aerospace Defense |
NRAO: | National Radio Astronomy Observatory |
NRO: | National Reconnaissance Office |
NS: | Neutron Star |
NSA: | National Security Agency |
NSF: | National Science Foundation |
NSO: | National Solar Observatory |
NSSDC: | National Space Science Data Center |
NTR: | Nuclear Thermal Rocket(ry) |
NTT: | New Technology Telescope |
OAO: | Orbiting Astronomical Observatory |
OCST: | Office of Commercial Space Transportation |