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THE RESOLUTION OF THE ACH-2009 CONFERENCE
St. Petersburg, September 25, 2009

An International Conference ACH-2009 organized by the Institute of
Applied Astronomy of RAS with support from the Russian Academy of Sciences
and Russian Foundation for Basic Research was held on September 21-25, 2009
in St. Petersburg.
The main topics of the Conference were:
1. Study of small bodies of the Solar System (physics, dynamics, origin and
evolution of asteroids, comets, meteoroids).
2. Asteroid-comet hazard (origin and dynamic evolution of objects
approaching the Earth, observations, physical properties, cataloguing,
data bases, estimation of collision probability with the Earth and other
bodies).
3. Collisions of cosmic bodies with the Earth (study of the traces of past
catastrophes, modeling of collisions and their consequences).
4. Counteraction (discovering hazardous cosmic objects, methods and means
of acting upon near-Earth objects, organization of passive and active
counteracting the asteroid and comet impacts, the technologies to address
the study of asteroids and comets in near-Earth space, missions to
hazardous bodies).
5. International-legal aspects of counteracting the impact hazard.
Collaboration of different countries in solving the problem.

About 150 scientists of more than 110 Institutions and other
organizations took part in the Conference. More than 110 papers were
presented and discussed at the Conference. As a result of discussion the
following Resolution of the Conference was proved.

1) During the last years significant progress was achieved in the studying
of the problem of asteroid-comet hazard. This is particularly true for
the discovery of thousands of asteroids and comets that are able to
approach the Earth orbit. Collisions with such bodies are dangerous for
human life and fraught with significant material losses. As a result of
fulfilling of international observational program "Spaceguard" the
number of known asteroids approaching the Earth orbit up to the distance
less than 0.3 A.U. and having more than 1 km in size increased more than
four times and now amounts about 800. Among them about 20 % are
potentially hazardous, collision with which is able to produce global
catastrophe. Due to their discovery the risk of unpredictable collision
with such bodies decreased approximately ten times.
2) In the USA and Italy the monitoring all bodies which are able of
approaching the Earth up to 0.3 A.U. or less, independently of their
sizes, is organized as well as prediction of their possible collisions
with the Earth and other planets. Due to these services we now know that
a number of objects have small, but not negligible probability of
collision with the Earth during 21 century.
3) Significant achievements have been attained in the study of origin,
physical properties, mineralogical composition, internal structure, and
other properties of minor planets and comets. In spite of these
achievements the asteroid-comet hazard continues to be one of the global
problems which deserve attention of broad scientific community and
public.
4) At present, the problem of discovery and cataloguing 90% of all
potentially hazardous bodies of 140 m - 1 km in size during the nearest
15 years has been proposed. This task is approximately two orders of
magnitude greater than that solved at the first stage of the
"Spaceguard" program. For its solving the new more powerful instruments,
which are now in the process of construction or creation, are needed as
well as new approaches to following-up observations of discovered
bodies. During the execution of "Spaceguard-2" the probability of
discovery of dangerous body on the collision course with the Earth will
increase many-fold.
5) In this connection the problem of concluding the international political
agreement within the frames of UN about common active counteractions to
the bodies on the orbits leading to collisions with the Earth is urgent.
6) The Conference highly estimates the initiative of USA Congress
commissioned NASA with fulfilling the second stage of "Spaceguard"
program in collaboration with space agencies of other countries. The
Conference urges the astronomical Institutions of all countries,
including Russia, upon taking active part in realization of this
program.
7) The Conference calls scientists of different countries, including
Russia, upon broadening international cooperation in studying the
asteroid-comet hazard.
8) The Conference supports efforts directed to concluding an international
agreement within frames of UN on common active counteractions to bodies
threatening the Earth.