Experimental and measuring techniques

Training course by Prof. V.N.Zverev.

Annotation

The training includes the set of tasks, which allows students to master some important techniques which are using in experimental physics of a solid state. The following topics are included: acquaintance with a LabView software most often applied in laboratories to automation of experiment, a photolithography without which the modern manufacturing techniques of low-dimensional structures is impossible, as well as the tasks allowing students to master bases of low-temperature experiment, a technique of a high pressure, work with low-dimensional semiconductor structures. The practical works are carried out by subgroups on 3-4 students.

1. LabView software to automation of experiment
   
   Studying of RS-232 and GPIB interfaces. The organization of connection of the personal computer to the experimental devices having the interface RS-232 and/or GPIB, the communication with devices by means of LabVIEW terminals. Types of data used in LabVIEW.
   Tool set, Libraries of terminals and LabVIEW functions. Algorithms of periodic data acquisition and data recording in the text file, the solution of the equations.
   Development and realization of algorithms of transfer the operating orders to the device. Algorithm of registering of volt-current characteristics from the real physical objects. Study of transport properties bya 4-probe method. Thermometer calibration.
   


2. The bases of Photolithography.
   
   Photoresists, masks, technological process of a photolithography, a vacuum sputtering of an aluminum film on a glass or a silicon substrate, manufacturing of a difraction lattice by a photolithography method.
   Measurement of a laser wavelength from the analysis of a picture obtained by the laser beam reflection from the fabricated structure.


3. The influence of high hydrostatic pressure on the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic sample.
   
   Acquaintance with the main methods of pressure generation and measurement, calibration of the manganin pressure sensor in a range of 0-2.5 kbar.
   Study of the hydrostatic pressure dependence of Curie temperature of an Fe-Ni alloy.


4. хThe study of second sound in superfluid 4He.
   
   Acquaintance with bases of cryogenic equipment, liquid helium, primary temperature scale. Physical characteristics of bolometers (superconducting films). Calibration of the thermometer and bolometers.
   The second sound in superfluid helium. Properties of the resonator, determination of speed of a wave under the of resonance positions. The study of temperature dependence of of the second sound speed.


5. The quantum Hall effect study in GaAs-based heterostructure
   
   The methods of work with the cryostat and the superconducting solenoid; sample installatio;, record a diagonal and a Hall component of a GaAs- based heterostructure magnetoresistance as a function of magnetic field at low temperature; calculation of concentration and mobility of two-dimensional electrons.


6. Semiconductor quantum points.
   
   Acquaintance with methods of synthesis and analysis of semiconductor quantum points. Synthesis of nanodimensional particles of CdTЕ; registration of a absorption spectrum of colloidal solution; electron-microscopic determination of the sizes of the particles immobilized on a substrate; comparison with the calculation results and with the literature data for other II-VI semiconductors.