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Suprathermal particles in the planetary atmospheres

A non-equilibrium state of the atmospheric multi-component gas as an open thermodynamical system is triggered and maintained by the incident solar EUV and corpuscular radiation, with the involvement of successive collisional relaxation and numerous chemical reactions responsible for the system evolution. The original photolytic and energetic electron impact processes of interaction and the physical and chemical evolutionary processes can be described by a set of nonlinear Boltzmann type equations with the source term. Instead of a direct solution of these equations facing many obstacles, a special technique of stochastic simulation and Monte-Carlo algorithms were used for the numerical computer evaluation of such a system. This powerful technique allowed to study in detail the non-equilibrium state of the rarefied atmospheric gas at both microscopic (molecular) and macroscopic (continuum) levels and, in particular, to estimate the input of nonthermal particles into the composition, energetics, and dynamics of the planetary upper atmospheres. The main objectives were to reveal specific effects of the processes of non-equilibrium kinetics in terms of their domain and/or significant contribution to the macroscopic state of the atmospheric system. These included:

-the detailed quantitative study of the kinetics of photolysis and energetic electron impacts involving estimates of the dissociation and ionization production rates and formation of molecules and atoms in different states of excitation:

  • Shematovich, V.I.

Numerical stochastic simulation of kinetics of atmospheric photochemistry.

In: Marov M. (Ed.) Mathematical problems of applied aeronomy, 1987, Keldysh Inst. of Applied Math., Moscow, 199-209, (in Russian).

-the multichannel processes of the formation, collisional relaxation, and transport of the "hot" particles of photochemical origin (superthermal H, C, N, and O) leading to the formation of hot planetary coronas:

  • Shematovich, V. I.; Bisikalo, D. V.; Marov, M. Ya.

Kinetic approach to the mathematical modelling of collisional physical and chemical processes in planetary atmospheres (abstract).

In: Rarefied gas dynamics; Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium, Aachen, Germany, July 8-14, 1990.

1991, Weinheim, Germany and New York, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, p. 345-352.

  • Marov, M. Ia.; Shematovich, V. I.; Bisikalo, D. V.

Numerical kinetic simulation of the upper atmosphere photochemistry and dynamics (abstract).

Advances Space Res., 1992, 12, 303.

  • Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard J.-C.

Superthermal particles in the planetary atmosphere.

In: Massevitch A.G. (Ed.) Non-stable processes in the Universe, Moscow, Cosmoinform, 230-260, (in Russian).

  • Marov, M.Ya., Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V.

Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. A kinetic approach to modeling.

Space Science Reviews, 1996, 76, Nos. 1/2, 1-202.

  • Marov, M.Ya., Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V. and Gerard J.-C.

Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres: Theory and Applications.

1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 293 pp.

 

  • Shematovich V.I.

Kinetics of suprathermal atoms and molecules in the rarefied planetary atmospheres.

In: RARIFIED GAS DYNAMICS:

Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics.

AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1084, pp.1047-1054, 2008.

 

Earth:

-the photochemistry of odd-nitrogen and its influence on the composition of the lower thermosphere of the Earth:

  • Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard, J.-C.

Non-thermal nitrogen atoms in the earth's thermosphere. I - Kinetics of hot N(4S) (abstract).

Geophysical Research Letters, 1991, 18, 1691.

 

  • Gerard, J.-C., Shematovich, V.I., and Bisikalo D.V.

Non-thermal nitrogen atoms in the earth's thermosphere. II - A source of nitric oxide (abstract).

Geophysical Research Letters, 1991,18, 1695.

 

  • Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard, J.-C.

The thermospheric odd nitrogen photochemistry : role of non-thermal N(4S) atoms (abstract).

Ann. Geophys., 1992, 10, 792.