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Suprathermal particles in the planetary atmospheres
A non-equilibrium state of the atmospheric multi-component gas as an open thermodynamical system is triggered and maintained by the incident solar EUV and corpuscular radiation, with the involvement of successive collisional relaxation and numerous chemical reactions responsible for the system evolution. The original photolytic and energetic electron impact processes of interaction and the physical and chemical evolutionary processes can be described by a set of nonlinear Boltzmann type equations with the source term. Instead of a direct solution of these equations facing many obstacles, a special technique of stochastic simulation and Monte-Carlo algorithms were used for the numerical computer evaluation of such a system. This powerful technique allowed to study in detail the non-equilibrium state of the rarefied atmospheric gas at both microscopic (molecular) and macroscopic (continuum) levels and, in particular, to estimate the input of nonthermal particles into the composition, energetics, and dynamics of the planetary upper atmospheres. The main objectives were to reveal specific effects of the processes of non-equilibrium kinetics in terms of their domain and/or significant contribution to the macroscopic state of the atmospheric system. These included:
-the detailed quantitative study of the
kinetics of photolysis and energetic electron impacts involving estimates of
the dissociation and ionization production rates and formation of molecules and
atoms in different states of excitation:
Numerical stochastic simulation of kinetics of atmospheric
photochemistry.
In:
Marov M. (Ed.) Mathematical problems of applied aeronomy, 1987, Keldysh
Inst. of Applied Math., Moscow, 199-209, (in Russian).
-the multichannel
processes of the formation, collisional relaxation, and transport of the
"hot" particles of photochemical origin (superthermal
H, C, N, and O) leading to the formation of hot planetary coronas:
Kinetic approach to the mathematical modelling of collisional physical and chemical processes in planetary atmospheres (abstract).
In: Rarefied gas dynamics;
Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium,
1991,
Numerical kinetic simulation of the upper atmosphere photochemistry and dynamics (abstract).
Advances Space Res., 1992, 12,
303.
Superthermal particles in the planetary atmosphere.
In:
Massevitch A.G. (Ed.) Non-stable processes in the
Universe,
Nonequilibrium
processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. A kinetic approach to modeling.
Space Science Reviews, 1996, 76, Nos. 1/2, 1-202.
Nonequilibrium
processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres:
Theory and Applications.
1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Kinetics of suprathermal atoms and
molecules in the rarefied planetary atmospheres.
In:
RARIFIED
GAS DYNAMICS:
Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas
Dynamics.
AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1084, pp.1047-1054, 2008.
Earth:
-the photochemistry of odd-nitrogen and its influence on the composition
of the lower thermosphere of the Earth:
Non-thermal nitrogen atoms in the
earth's thermosphere. I - Kinetics of hot N(4S) (abstract).
Geophysical Research Letters, 1991, 18, 1691.
Non-thermal nitrogen atoms in the
earth's thermosphere. II - A source of nitric oxide (abstract).
Geophysical Research Letters, 1991,18,
1695.
The
thermospheric odd nitrogen photochemistry
: role of non-thermal N(4S) atoms (abstract).
Ann. Geophys., 1992, 10, 792.
Effect of hot N(4S) atoms on the NO solar cycle
variation in the lower thermosphere(abstract).
J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 98, 11581.
The
role of fast N(4S) atoms and photoelectrons on the
distribution of NO in the thermosphere(abstract).
In: The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere:
A Review of Experiment and Theory, Geophysical Monograph 87,
1995, American Geophysical Union,
An
updated model of the hot nitrogen atom kinetics and thermospheric
nitric oxide(abstract).
J. Geophys. Res.,
1997, 102, No.A1, 285.
- FUV emissions due
to the electron and proton precipitation:
Ly-alpha emission in the proton aurora (abstract).
J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105, No.
A7, 15795-15806.
The role of proton precipitation in the excitation of auroral FUV emissions (abstract).
J. Geophys. Res., 2001, 106,
No. A10, 21475-21494.
ћ
Chua, D.H., Dymond
K.F., Budzien S.A., McCoy R.P., Gerard J.-C., Coumans V., Bisikalo D.V., and Shematovich V.I.
High resolution FUV observations of proton aurora.
Geophys. Res. Lett.,2003, 30,
No. 18, 1948.
A
Ann. Geophysicae,
2005, 23, 1432-1439.
MARS and VENUS:
- EUV and FUV
emissions
J. Geophys. Res., 113, E02011, doi:10.1029/2007JE002938, 2008.
The Venus
ultraviolet oxygen dayglow and aurora: model
comparison with observations.
Planet.
Space Sci., 56, 542-552, 2008.
ћ
Hubert B.,
Gerard J.-C., Gustin J., Shematovich V.I., Bisikalo D.V., Stewart A.I., and Gladstone R.G.
Cassini-UVIS
observations of OI and CO Venus dayglow.
Icarus, 2010, (in press).
JUPITER and SATURN SYSTEMS:
- kinetics and dynamics of the suprathermal particles in the atmospheres:
ћ
Bisikalo, D.V.,
Shematovich, V.I., Gerard, J.-C.,
The distribution of hot hydrogen
atoms produced by electron and proton precipitation in the Jovian
aurora (
abstract),
J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, 21157.
ћ
Burger M.N., Sittler
E.C., Johnson R.E., Smith H.T., Tucker O.J., and Shematovich V.I.
Understanding
the Escape of Water from Enceladus.
J. Geophys. Res., 112,
A06219, 2007.
ћ
Shematovich V.I.
Ionization chemistry in H2O-dominated atmospheres of icy
moons.
Solar
System Research, 2008, 42, No.6,
473-487.
The altitude of Saturn's aurora and its
implications for the characteristic energy of precipitated electrons.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02202, doi:10.1029/2008GL036554,
2009.
ћ
Shematovich V.I.
Suprathermal hydrogen produced by the dissociation of
molecular hydrogen in the extended atmosphere
of exoplanet HD 209458b.
Solar
System Research, 2010, 44,
No. 2, pp. 96-103.
TITAN:
- kinetics and dynamics of hot nitrogen in the
upper atmosphere:
Kinetic modeling of superthermal nitrogen atoms in the Titan's atmosphere.I.
Sources (
abstract).
Solar System Research (English
translation of "Astronomicheskij Vestnik"), 1998,32,
No.5 , 384.
Titan's
atmospheric haze: the case for HCN incorporation (abstract).
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1999, 341,
312-317.
COMETS:
-the kinetic effects and peculiarities of the subliming gas flow in the
near-surface (Knudsen) layer of the cometary nucleus:
ћ
Bisikalo, D. V.; Marov,
M. Ya.; Shematovich, and V. I.; Strel'Nitskij,
V. S.
The flow of the subliming gas in the near-nuclear (Knudsen) layer of the cometary coma(abstract).
Advances Space Res., 1989, 9,
53.
Kinetic investigations
of the near-surface phenomena in the gas and dust envelopes of small celestial
bodies.
In: Rarefied
Gas Dynamics-19 (ed. by J. Harvey and G. Lord), 1995,
-the photochemistry and dynamics of the rarefied gas in the inner cometary coma:
ћ
Bisikalo, D. V.; Shematovich, V. I.
Numerical
modeling of the nonequilibrium flow of a rarefied gas
in the inner coma of a comet (abstract).
Solar System Research
(English translation of "Astonomicheskij Vestnik"), 1999, 33, No.1, 36.
ћ
Pyarnpuu, A.A., Shematovich, V.I., Svirschevsky
S.B., and Titov E.V.
Nonequilibrium
jet flows in the coma of a comet
In: Rarefied
Gas Dynamics 20 (ed. by Shen Ching),
1997,