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ASPI experiment

ASPI experiment:
Measurements of fields and waves onboard the INTERBALL-TAIL mission.

Results of the first three months of operation

PI and Co-I list:
Klimov,S., S.Romanov, E.Amata, J.Blecki, J.Buechner, J.Juchniewicz, J.Rustenbach, P.Triska, L.J.C.Woolliscroft, S.Savin, Yu.Afanas'ev, U.de Angelis, U.Auster, G.Bellucci, A.Best, F.Farnik, V.Formisano, P.Gough, R.Grard, G.Haerendel, V.Korepanov, H.Lehmann, B.Nikutowski, M.Nozdrachev, S.Orsini, M.Parrot, A.Petrukovich, J.L.Rauch, K.Sauer, A.Skalsky, J.Slominski, J.G.Trotignon, J.Vojta, R.Wronowski.

Participating Institutions:
Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interplanetary Space Physics Institute, CNR, Frascati, Italy
Space Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Max-Plank-Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics, Aussenstelle Berlin, Germany
Institute of Physics of Atmosphere, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Praha, Czechia
Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK
Institute of Metrology, St.Peterburg, Russia
Sussex Space Centre, Falmer, UK
Space Science Department, ESA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Special Design Division, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine
Institute for Space Sensors, DLR, Berlin, Germany
Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Environment, CNRS, Orleans, France
University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Praha, Czechia
Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik, Garshing, Germany
Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Aussenstelle Observatorium Niemegk, Germany

Magnetic and electric fields and plasma waves are generally thought to play a significant role in various processes. At the dayside magnetopause these include the transfer of energy from the solar wind bulk particle flow into the magnetosphere, the anomalous resistivity formation in reconnection regions etc. Plasma waves are a very sensitive indicator of a lack of thermal equilibrium in the space plasmas. Features of the particle distribution function which may be of a small amplitude, localized in phase space or have a short lifetime, can produce strong plasma waves. A simple example of this is a turbulence, produced by electron beams at the bow shock. These beams are rarely identified in the particle data. The limit of temporal resolution of plasma waves is essentially the inverse of the frequency of that wave. Suitable receivers and onboard data processing systems can make measurements with a few millisecond resolution. This is two or three orders of magnitude higher resolution than one of typical plasma particle instruments what is important for the study of boundary crossings and structures [Alleyne et al., 1990].

Wave measurements performed onboard spacecraft Prognoz-8 and -10, Vega-1 and -2, Phobos-2 showed the nesessity of detailed measurements in the range of low hybrid frequency.

The scientific instruments flown onboard these spacecraft were built in the cooperation of research groups from Czech Republic, ESA\ESTEC, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. The wave instruments included hihgly sensitive sensors for measurements of fluctuations of the plasma flow, current density, electric and magnetic fields, spacecraft potential, density and temperature of the plasma and multi-channell frequency analyzers [Klimov et al., 1985, 1986; Grard et al., 1989; Klimov 1992].

First three months of ASPI instruments [Klimov et al., 1995] operation in orbit were used mainly for estimates of stability of measured parameters and effective sensitivity.

To provide high sensitivity of the electric field, magnetic field and plasma currents measurements a special program of magnetic, electric cleanliness and electromagnetic compatibility measures was implemented basing on the experience of the previous experiments[Turin et al., 1992, 1993; Klimov et al., 1993]. Unique configuration of the spacecraft with the spin axis pointing to the Sun ensures identical shadowing of electric field sensors.

Characteristics of the operating ASPI sensors and their location are in the Table below and Fig.1:


Instrument / sensorParameterFrequency range Measurement range / discretization
Magnetic field measurements
MIF-M/BPPDC vector 0-2 Hz300/0.29 nT
AC vector2-25 Hz30/0.005 nT
MIF-M/BPPAC 1 component1-40000 Hz0.0004 nT at 100 Hz(*)
FGM-I/DM1-3DC vector0-35 Hz128/1 nT
Electric field measurements
OPERA/BD1-6DC vector0-3 Hz115/0.9 mV/m (Ey)
570/5 mV/m (Ex,Ez)
OPERA/BD1-6AC vector0.1-25 Hz115/0.9 mV/m
Plasma current measurements
FGM-I/DM1-3AC 1 component 0.1-40000 Hz10^-15 A/cm2/sqrt(Hz)(*)
BD-7/C2-XAC 2 component 0.1-40000 Hz10^-15 A/cm2/sqrt(Hz)(*)

(*) - sensitivity
Table 1.


DATA EXAMPLES

ASPI (PI S.Klimov) measurements at the magnetopause outbound crossing, August 26, 1995, Fig.2 (100 kB image!!).

Magnetic field colour spectrogram (MIF-M, PI: S.Romanov) in 0.5-32 Hz band (bottom panel) displays strong ULF/ELF turbulence in the magnetosheath (right side) with the intensity and frequency span enlargement. Electric field colour spectrogram (OPERA, PI-E.Amata, CoPI-S.Savin) in 0.5-32 Hz band (top panel) shows: (a) wave bursts at the magnetopause and in the magnetosheath (b) electrostatic ELF emission inside magnetosphere (left side). Colour bar at the bottom panel right side shows the color coding of logarithmic wave amplitude.

Measurements by three-axial fluxgate magnetometers in the MIF-M and FGM-I instruments of ASPI combined with ones from two fluxgates of FM-3I [Nozdrachev et al., 1995] provide a unique possibility to estimate and monitor DC magnetic interferences from the spacecraft during all flight. Example of the data from MIF-M magnetometer at the same bow shock crossing as FM-3I example is in Fig.3.

Also available some additional examples obtained with the MIF-M instrument of ASPI wave complex.

References:

Alleyne,H.St.C.,  M.A.Balikhin,  S.I.Klimov,  V.V.Krasnosel'skikh,
     S.N.Walker, L.J.C.Woolliscroft. Plasma wave  measurements  on
     the dayside - scale  sizes  and  observational  requirements.
     Proceedings of an  International  Workshop  on  Space  Plasma
     Physics  Investigations  by  Cluster   and   Regatta,   Graz,
     Austria, 20-22 Febr., 1990, ESA SP-306, p.69-74, 1990.
Grard,R.,    A.Pedersen,     S.Klimov,     S.Savin,     A.Skalsky,
     J.G.Trotignon, C.Kennel, First measurements of  plasma  waves
     near Mars. Nature, v.341, No.6243, p.607-609, 1989.
Klimov,S.I. Energetics of ULF/ELF plasma waves in  the  solar  wind
     and outer Earth's magnetosphere. 26th  ESLAB  Symposium  Study
     of the Solar-Terrestrial System, ESA SP-346, pp.95-100, 1992.
Klimov,S., M.Nozdrachev, S.Savin,  P.Triska,  O.Vaisberg,  J.Vojta.
     The  BUD wave  experiment  onboard  the  Prognoz-8  satellite.
     INTERSHOCK project, ed.  by  S.Fischer,  Publications  of  the
     Astronomical Institute of  Czechoslovak  Academy  of  Science,
     Prague, No.60, p.143-158, 1985.
Klimov,S.I.,  M.N.Nozdrachev,   P.Triska,   J.Vojta,   A.A.Galeev,
     Yu.V.Afanasjev,V.E.Baskakov,     Yu.N.Bobkov,     P.B.Dunetz,
     A.M.Zhdanov,     V.Korepanov,     S.A.Romanov,     S.P.Savin,
     A.Yu.Sokolov. The plasma wave investigations with  using  the
     complex   of   the   combined    wave    diagnostic    BUDVAR
     (Prognoz-10-Interkosmos).   Kosmich.   Issl.,   v.24,   No.2,
     p.177-184, 1986.
Klimov,S.I.,  Yu.V.Lisakov,  A.A.Skalsky,   D.Klinge,   S.P.Savin,
     H.-U.Auster,    J.Juchniewicz,    A.B.Izmaylov.     In-flight
     monitoring of the electromagnetic conditions on Phobos-1  and
     -2 spacecraft with the PWS and FGMM instruments.  Proceedings
     of  the  3rd  ESA  European   Workshop   on   electromagnetic
     compatibility  and   computational   electromagnetics,  Pisa,
     (Italy), 26-28 October, p.127-134, 1993.
Klimov,S., S.Romanov, E.Amata, J.Blecki, J.Buechner, J.Juchniewicz,
     J.Rustenbach,    P.Triska,    L.J.C.Woolliscroft,     S,Savin,
     Yu,Afanas'ev,  U.de  Angelis,  U.Auster,  G.Bellucci,  A.Best,
     F.Farnik,   V.Formisano,   P.Gough,   R.Grard,    G.Haerendel,
     V.Korepanov, H.Lehmann, B.Nikutowski, M.Nozdrachev, S.Orsini,
     M.Parrot,  A.Petrukovich,   J.L.Rauch,   K.Sauer,   A.Skalsky,
     J.Slominski,  J.G.trotignon,  J.Vojta  and  R.Wronowski.  ASPI
     experiment: Measurements  of  fields  and  waves  onboard  the
     INTERBALL-TAIL  mission.  INTERBALL.  Mission   and   Payload,
     CNES-IKI-RSA, p.120-152, 1995.
Nozdrachev,M.N.,    V.A.Styazhkin,    A.A.Zarutsky,     S.I.Klimov,
     S.P.Savin,   A.A.Skalsky,   A.A.Petrukovich,    Yu.V.Lissakov,
     I.S.Arshinkov,   N.Abadgiev,    A.Bochev.    Magnetic    field
     measurements  onboard  the  INTERBALL  TAIL  spacecraft:   the
     FM-3I   instrument.   INTERBALL.    Mission    and    Payload,
     CNES-IKI-RSA, p.228-229, 1995.
Turin,L.S., S.I.Klimov, Yu.V.Lisakov,  A.B.Izmailov, V.l.Shirokov.
     Aspecs of equipment EMC in the international space projects.
     Proceeding   of   International    Wroclaw    Symposium    on
     Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC 92, pp.353-356, 1992.
Turin,L.S.,     E.A.Mikhailova,     S.I.Klimov,      Y.V.Lissakov,
     A.B.Izmailov,  R.Marrama.   Simulation   of   electromagnetic
     environments on board the MARS-94 spacecraft. Proceedings  of
     the   3rd   ESA   European   Workshop   on    electromagnetic
     compatibility  and   computational   electromagnetics,  Pisa,
     (Italy), 26-28 October, p.90-92, 1993.

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