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The examples of the errors. Calculated by the EPOS Software Package (Pulkovo observatory)

1. Observations with ordinary values of the "Mean error of single observation"

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
3907 761 1998 08 24.383673 3 17 44.739 0.28 +30 46 00.84 -0.08 15.8 18
3907 761 1998 08 24.409133 3 17 46.152 0.28 +30 46 10.85 0.12 15.8 11
3907 761 1998 08 25.392523 3 18 40.107 0.33 +30 52 27.69 0.04 15.4 15
Total mean value of 3 observations 0.297±0.017 0.027±0.058
Mean error of single observation 0.029 0.101

COMMENT. For any NUMBERED asteroid the errors of the theory are very small for two
adjasent nights. So the (O–C) values define mainly the observational errors.

2. Observations with the large values of the "Mean error of single observation"

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
3955 761 1998 10 16.163935 0 52 43.326 2.34 + 3 26 20.94 1.62 15.4 27
3955 761 1998 10 16.194495 0 52 41.796 2.68 + 3 26 17.64 1.68 15.2 24
3955 761 1998 10 17.165035 0 51 52.843 5.76 + 3 24 29.44 -0.82 15.5 26
3955 761 1998 10 17.181125 0 51 52.129 7.22 + 3 24 25.54 -3.00 15.2 25
Total mean value of 4 observations 4.500 -0.130
Mean error of single observation 2.378 2.240

COMMENT. The large (O-C) values may be due to the errors of the theory of asteroidal
motion (old orbital unimproved elements). See below the same asteroid observations made
by the other observer.

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
3955 699 1998 12 15.074492 0 32 36.715 0.73 + 4 27 42.71 0.67 16.3 19
3955 699 1998 12 15.094822 0 32 37.118 1.12 + 4 27 47.90 0.51 17
3955 699 1998 12 15.115212 0 32 37.521 1.49 + 4 27 53.90 1.13 17
Norm. place 15.094842 0 32 37.118 1.113 + 4 27 48.172 0.770
±0.219 ±0.186
Mean error of single observation 0.380 0.322
s
RA&DEC velocities and (O-C) 19.791 18.65 274.96 11.25
Relative errors of velocities (%) 6.7 4.3

COMMENT. Here the additional data are presented - the differences between the values
of apparent velocities derived from observation and calculated ones. The relative errors are
expressed in percent of the difference values.

3. (O-C) values for the CCD observations made with MPC code 719

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
1615 719 1999 01 23.295214 5 37 23.987 1.01 +21 19 44.10 2.29 15.2 34
1615 719 1999 01 23.359444 5 37 22.481-0.21 +21 19 45.93 1.48 15.5 53
4150 719 1999 01 23.295214 5 36 58.694 0.79 +21 20 26.01 0.45 16.0 34
4150 719 1999 01 23.359444 5 36 56.569 0.38 +21 20 32.70 1.67 17.1 54
5945 719 1999 01 23.315254 8 20 36.813 0.34 +27 37 45.73 0.30 16.5 6
5945 719 1999 01 23.400954 8 20 30.592 0.61 +27 38 03.31 0.79 17.1 30

COMMENT. The observations with two positions per night do not permit evaluation of
observational accuracy. The proximity of the first and the second (O–C) values
shows a quality of observations.

4. Example of the crude time errors of CCD observations

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
31759 683 2001 12 18.369964 8 18 49.392 -0.24 + 3 28 44.53 1.01 18.2 32
31759 683 2001 12 18.381134 8 18 49.021 -1.33 + 3 28 43.62 -0.94 18.5 30
31759 683 2001 12 18.394534 8 18 48.365 -5.82* + 3 28 43.52 -2.29*18.4 29
Norm. place 18.381877 8 18 48.926 -2.463 + 3 28 43.89 -0.740
±1.708 ±0.958
Mean error of single observation 2.958** 1.659**
RA&DEC velocities and (O-C) -42.016 -231.16 -39.91 -133.10
Relative errors of velocities (%) 57.9 142.8

COMMENT. The third position of the object has a crude error of UT registration.

5.Systematic error in normal places due to catalog positions of reference stars

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
31759 704 2001 12 19.380534 8 18 21.828 0.98 + 3 30 24.25 0.11 18.0 30
31759 704 2001 12 19.396184 8 18 21.386 0.95 + 3 30 26.35 0.55 18.4 30
31759 704 2001 12 19.411874 8 18 20.924 0.65 + 3 30 27.15 -0.32 18.0 30
31759 704 2001 12 19.427554 8 18 20.481 0.64 + 3 30 28.76 -0.39 18.4 31
31759 704 2001 12 19.443894 8 18 20.010 0.48 + 3 30 30.86 -0.03 18.3 33
Norm. place 19.412008 8 18 20.926 +0.740!+ 3 30 27.48 -0.016!!
±0.097 ±0.169
Mean error of single observation 0.216 0.377
RA&DEC velocities and (O-C) -28.724 -8.25 98.89 -7.62
Relative errors of velocities (%) 2.0 7.2

Obj Code DT RA (O-C) DEC (O-C) mag z
h m s " ° ' " " °
31759 608 2001 12 22.471034 8 16 47.719 -0.68 + 3 36 55.92 1.36 18.7 25
31759 608 2001 12 22.481174 8 16 47.399 -0.52 + 3 36 57.32 1.27 18.6 23
31759 608 2001 12 22.491744 8 16 47.050 -0.57 + 3 36 58.51 0.91 18.7 20
Norm. place 22.481317 8 16 47.389 -0.590!+ 3 36 57.25 +1.180!!
±0.047 ±0.137
Mean error of single observation 0.082 0.238
RA&DEC velocities and (O-C) -32.341 5.07 124.93 -21.85
Relative errors of velocities (%) 1.0 14.9

COMMENT. Symbols (!) and (!!) point at the probable errors connected with different
reference stars used for astrometric reduction.