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Z. Malkin's Acronym Collection(English part)Russian acronyms |
This collection contains about 7200 acronyms and abbreviations caught in books, newspapers, magazines, journals, technical documentation, and at Web pages I have read. No plagiarism! No made-up!
Some other acronym finders:
Acronym Geek
AcronymFinder
Acronym Attic
Abbreviations.com
Allacronyms.com
Free Online Dictionary
NASA Astrophysics Data System (bibliographic codes and journal abbreviations)
| * A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
To
the
top
# number
' foot
' minute
" inch
" arcsecond
º degree
& and
@ at
ΔVLBI Differential VLBI
ΔDOR Delta-Differenced One-way Range
+ve positive
-ve negative
1AXG First ASCA X-Ray Gas Imaging Spectrometer sources
1D One-Dimensional
1ES EINSTEIN Slew Survey Source Catalogue
1WGA First White+Giommi+Angelini ROSAT X-Ray sources list
2 to
2 too
21CMA 21 CentiMeter Array
24/7 24 hours / 7 days per week
2D Two-Dimensional
2dF 2 Degree Field system
2dFGRS 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
2L8 Too Late
2MASS Two-Micron All-Sky Survey
2MASSi 2 Micron All Sky Survey point sources - Incremental release
2MASX 2 Micron All Sky Survey eXtended
2MRS 2MASS Redshift Survey
2SLAQ 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO
4MASS 4-meter All-Sky Survey (now VLSS)
3C Third Cambridge Catalog of Radio Sources
3D Three-Dimensional
3G The Third Generation
3W WWW
4 for
4C Fourth Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources
4D Four-Dimensional
4get forget
4WD Four-Wheel Drive
6C Sixth Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources
6dF 6 degree Field survey
7C Seventh Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources
87GB 1987 Green Bank Radio Survey
8C Eighth Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources
ΛCDM Lambda Cold Dark Matter
Ω Ohm
A Acting
a. Adjective
A Airbas (airplane)
A Ampere
a annual
A. Answer
A Apple
A Assist (sport)
A. Associate
a year (Lat. annum)
AA Assistant Administrator
A&A Astronomy and Astrophysics (journal)
AAB Automatic Answerback
AAAI American Association of Artificial Intelligence
AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science
A&AS Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (journal)
AAC Associate Analysis Center
AAGS American Association of Geodetic Surveying
AAL American AirLines
AAM American Association of Mathematicians
AAM Atmospheric Angular Momentum
AAO Anglo-Australian Observatory, Epping, NSW, Australia
AAOUC AAO Users' Committee
AAOEPP Anglo-Australian Observatory, Epping, NSW, Australia
AAP Academy of American Poets
AAPT American Association of Physics Teachers
AAS American Astronautical Society
AAS American Astronomical Society
AAS Austrian Academy of Sciences
AASTA Alliance for the Advancement of Science Through Astronomy
AAT Anglo-Australian Telescope, AAO, Australia
AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer
AAUP American Association of University Professors
AAVSO American Association of Variable Star Observers
AAUW American Association of University Women
ab. about
AB Astrometric Binary
ABAS Aircraft Based Augmentation System
ABBA Agnetha, Bjorn, Benny, Anni-Frid
ABC Alphabet
ABC American Broadcasting Company, USA
ABC Astrometric Binary Catalog
ABCS Advanced Business Communications via Satellite
ABEND Abnormal End
Abp. Archbishop
ABR Available Bit Rate
abs. absolute
abt. about
a/c Account
A.C. After Christ
AC Air Conditioning (Conditioner)
AC Alternating Current
AC Analysis Center
AC Analysis Coordinator
AC Application Center
A.C. Assistant Commissioner
AC Astrographic Catalog
AC Astronomical Council, Moscow, Russia
AC before Christ (Lat. ante Christum)
a.c. before meals (Lat. ante cibum)
AC3 Audio Coding 3
ACA Atacama Compact Array
ACA Australian Communications Authority
acc. accepted
ACC IGS Analysis Center Coordinator
ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current (meteorology)
ACCU Association of C and C++ Users
ACE Active Computing Elements
ACE Altimeter Corrected Elevations DEM
ACES Advanced Computing in Environmental Science
ACES Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space
ACF Autocorrelation Function
ACFC Astrophysics, Clocks and Fundamental Constants conference
ACFC Atomic clocks and Fundamental Constants conference
ACHA Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis (journal)
ACI Airports Council International
ACIAAT Advisory Committee for Instrumentation on the AAT
ACK Acknowledgment
ACL Association for Computer Linguistic, USA
ACLV American Civil Liberties Union
ACM Association for Computing Machinery, USA
ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (journal)
ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor
ACRS Astrographic Catalog Reference Stars
ACS Active Control System
ACS Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST)
ACSG Association Canadienne des Sciences Géomatiques
ACSI American Customer Satisfaction Index
ACSIS DRAO Auto-Correlation Spectrometer and Imaging System
ACSnet Australian Computer Science Network
ACT Application Compatibility Toolkit
ACT Atacama Cosmology Telescope
ACT Australian Capital Territory
ACTA Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
ACTS NIST Automated Computer Time Service, USA
ACU Antenna Control Unit
ACU Asian Currency Unit
ACV Austria Center Vienna
AD Advance Development
AD Analogous-to-Digital
AD Andorra (ISO code)
A.D. of the Christian era (Lat. Anno Domini)
ADAHELI ADvanced Astronomy for HELIophysics
ADASS Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems
ADB African Development Bank
ADC Analogous-to-Digital Converter
ADC NSSDC Astronomical Data Center
add. addition, additional
ADDP Antarctic Digital Database Project
ADeLA Dynamical Astronomy in Latin America (Hisp. Astronomía Dinámica en Latino América)
ADEOS ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADvanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEV Allan Deviation
ADF Automatic Document Feed
ADHOC Analyse et Depouillement Homogene des Observations Cigale
ADIL Astronomy Digital Image Library
ADIS Automated Data Interchange System
adj. Adjective
ADO ActiveX Data Objects
ADPS Asiago Database on Photometric Systems
ADPS Automatic Data Processing System
ADQL Astronomical Data Query Language
ADRG ARC (Arc-second Raster Chart/map) Digitized Raster Graphics
ADS Aitken's Double Star catalog
ADS NASA Astrophysics Data System
ADSC Adobe Document Structuring Conventions
ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
ADU Analog/Digital Unit
Adv. Advanced
Adv. Advances
adv. Adverb
AdvSR Advances in Space Research (journal)
AE United Arab Emirates (ISO code)
AEC Automatic Exposure Control
AECL Atomic Energy Canada Ltd.
AEI Albert Einstein Institute, Hannover, Germany
AEOS Advanced Electro Optical System
AEOS Automated Empirical Optimization of Software
AER Atmospheric and Environmental Research, USA
AES Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd, Japan
AES Artificial Earth Satellite
AEST Australian East Standard Time (UTC + 10h)
a.e.t. after extra time (sport)
AF Afghanistan (ISO code)
AF Ambiguity Function
AF Audio Frequency
AFAIK As Far As I Know
AFB Air Force Base
AFC Amplitude-Frequency Characteristic
AFCRL Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories
AFGL Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology, USA
AFL Academic Free License
AFMC U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center
AFPL Aladdin Free Public License
AFREF African Geodetic Reference Frame (African Continental Reference System)
AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory, USA
AFSC Alaska Fisheries Science Center, USA
AFSPC U.S. Air Force Space Command
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network
AFV America's Funniest Video
AG Antigua and Barbuda (ISO code)
AG German Astronomical Society (Ger. Astronomischer Gesellschaft), Germany
AGB Asymptotic Giant Branch
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
AGCM Atmospheric Global Circulation Model
AGD Australian Geodetic Datum
AGGO Argentinean-German Geodetic Observatory
AGILE Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (ASI)
AGIS Astrometric Global Iterative Solution (Gaia)
AGK Astronomischer Gesellschaft Katalog
AGK2A 2 Astronomischer Gesellschaft Katalog, Anhaltsterne
AGK3R 2 Astronomischer Gesellschaft Katalog, Reference stars
AGL Above Ground Level
AGN Active Galactic Nuclei
AGNES Automated GPS NEtwork of Switzerland
A-GNSS Assisted GNSS
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
AGREES African GPS Receivers for Equatorial Electrodynamics Studies
AGREF Austrian GPS Reference network
AGS African Geospace Society
AGTA Adrian Gill Travel Award
AGU American Geophysical Union
AGD Australian Height Datum
AGSO Australian Geological Survey Organization
AGW Anthropogenic Global Warming
Ah Ampere-hour
AHD American Heritage Dictionary
AHSME American High School Mathematics Examination
AHUVA Advanced Hi-resolution Ultra Violet Astronomy satellite (TAUVEX project)
AI Action Item
AI Additional Information
AI Anguilla (ISO code)
AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AIC Akaike information criterion
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIfA Argelander Institute for Astronomy (Ger. Argelander-Institut für Astronomie), Bonn University
AIG American International Group, Inc.
AIGO Australian International Gravitational Observatory, Gingin
AIM NASA Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere spacecraft
AIME American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIN Arab Institute of Navigation
AION Australian Institute of Navigation
AIP American Institute of Physics
AIP Astrophysical Institute Potsdam (Ger. Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam)
AIPS Astronomical Information (Image) Processing System
AIRES AIRshower Extended Simulations
AIRS Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder
AIRSAR Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar
AIS Automatic Identification System
AIST NASA ESE Advanced Information Systems Technology
AIST National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (formerly Agency of Industrial Science and Technology), Japan
AIUB Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
AIV All-In-View
AIV Assembly, Integration and Verification (EGNOS)
AJ Anti-Jamming
AJ Astronomical Journal
AJHSME American Junior High School Mathematics Examination (now AMC 8)
AK Alaska
aka also known as
AKDA Alaska Deformation Array
AKDT U.S. Alaska Daylight Time (UTC - 8h)
AKST U.S. Alaska Standard Time (UTC - 9h)
AL Alabama
AL Albania (ISO code)
Ala. Alabama
ALA American Library Association
Alas. Alaska
ALFA Arecibo L-band Feed Array
ALFOSC Andalucia Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (NOT)
ALG Application Layer Gateway
ALGOL ALGOrithmic Language (ALGorithm-Oriented Language)
ALICE A Large Ion Collider Experiment, LHC
ALICE Connecting Latin America with Europe (Sp. America Latina Interconectada Con Europa)
ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Chile
ALO Astronomical Latitude Observatory, Poznan, Poland
ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite
ALPO Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package
AltBOC Alternative BOC signal
Aly. Alley
a.m. before noon (Lat. ante meridiem)
Am. American
AM Armenia (ISO code)
AM Amplitude Modulation
AMATYC American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges, USA
AMC USNO Alternate Master Clock
AMC American Mathematics Competitions
AMCS Antenna Multipath Calibration System
AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Amer. American
AMIBA American Independent Business Alliance
AMiBA Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy, Taiwan
AMIP Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project
AMMA African Monsoon and Multidisciplinary Analyses
AMO Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
AMOC Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
AMOS Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
AMPLE Adaptable Minor Planet Ephemerides
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System
AMS American Mathematical Society
AMS American Meteorological Society
AMSA Australian Maritime Safety Authority
AMSAT Amateur Satellite
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
AMT Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (journal)
AMT AudioMagnetoTelluric
AN NASA Announcement
AN Astronomische Nachrichten (journal)
AN Netherlands Antilles (ISO code)
Anal. Analysis
And Andromeda (constellation)
ANDE Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment
ANDROMEDE Association Nouvelle pour la Diffusion de la Recherche a l'Observatoire de Marseille Et le Development des Expositions, Marseille, France
ANFIS Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System
ANGEL Airborne Navigation and Gravimetry Ensemble & Laboratory
ANGIS Australian National Geoscientific Information System
ANITA Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna
Ann. Annual
ANN Artificial Neural Networks
ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance
ANS Australian National Spheroid
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ANSS Advanced National Seismic System, USA
ANT Advanced Navigation Technology center, AFIT
Ant Antlia (constellation)
ANU Australian National University
ANUSat ANna University microSatellite
ANZAC Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
ANZAC Australian - New Zealand - Antarctic VLBI Network
ANZLIC Australia New Zealand Land Information Council
AO Adaptive Optics
AO Angola (ISO code)
AO Announcement of Opportunity
AO Arecibo Observatory
AOA Allen Osborne Associates, Inc., USA
AOB Any Other Business
AOC NRAO VLBA Array Operations Center, Socorro, NM, USA
AOGS Asia Oceania Geosciences Society
AOK Absolutely OK (absolutely fine)
AOL America OnLine
AOPC Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate
AOR-E Atlantic Ocean Region-East INMARSAT satellite
AOS Acquisition Of Signal
AOS Astrogeodynamical Observatory of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Borowiec, Poland
AOSC Attitude & Orbit Control Subsystem
AOV Asia-Oceania VLBI Group for Geodesy and Astrometry
AP Accumulation Period (correlator)
AP Associated Press
Ap. Astrophysics
APAN Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
APANL Asia-Pacific Arc Natural. Laboratory
APANPIRG Asia-Pacific Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group
APASS AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey
APC American Power Conversion
APC Angle Physical Contact
APC Article Processing Charge
APD Avalanche Photo Diode
APDB IMCCE Astrometric Planetary data Base
APEX Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
API Application Program(ming) Interface
APIC Absolute Position Interfero-Coronagraph
ApJ Astrophysical Journal
ApJL Astrophysical Journal Letters
ApJS Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
APKIM Actual Plate KInematic Model
APL A Programming Language
APL Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
APM Automated Photographic Measuring (Automatic Plate Measuring) machine, Cambridge, UK
APMUKS Automated Plate Measurement United Kingdom Schmidt
APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Center, Australia
APOGEE Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
APOLLO Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operations, Sunspot, NM, USA
App Application
ApPEC Astroparticle Physics European Coordination
Appl. Applied
APPS Advanced Precise Positioning System, Japan
APR Annual Percentage Rate
Apr April
APREF Asia Pacific Regional Reference Frame
APRGP Asia-Pacific Regional Geodetic Project
APRIM Asian-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting
APS American Physical Society
Aps Apus (constellation)
APSG Asia-Pacific Space Geodynamics Program (formerly Project)
Ap&SS Astrophysics and Space Science
Apt. Airport
apt. apartment
APT Asia Pacific Telecommunity
APT Asia Pacific Telescope
APT Automatically Programmed Tool
APY Annual Percentage Yield
AQ Antarctica (ISO code)
Aql Aquila (constellation)
Aqr Aquarius (constellation)
AR Annual Report
AR Argentina (ISO code)
AR Arkansas
AR Autoregression
ARA American Relief Administration
Ara Ara (constellation)
ARC NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA
ARC Arc-second Raster Chart/map
ARC Astrophysical Research Consortium, Inc., USA
ARC Australian Research Council
ArcOD Arctic Ocean Biodiversity
ARDF Amateur Radio Direction Finding
ARELAS Arequipa Laser Station, Peru
AREPS Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (journal)
ARFIMA AutoRegressive Fractional Integrated Moving Average
ARG Astrophysics Research Group, University of Antwerpen, Belgium
ARGB Alpha-Red-Green-Blue
argc argument count
ARGN Australian Regional GPS Network
ARGO-YBJ Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing, Tibet, China
argv Argument Vector
ARI Academic Research Infrastructure
Ari Aries (constellation)
ARI Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Heidelberg, Germany
ARIES Astronomical Radio Interferometric Earth Surveying program
ARIMA AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average
ARISE Advanced Radio Interferometry between Space and Earth (JPL)
Ariz. Arizona
Ark. Arkansas
ARL Association of Research Libraries
ARM NASA Asteroid Redirect Mission
ARMA AutoRegressive Moving Average
ARNS Aeronautical Radio Navigation Services
ARO After Receipt of Order
ARO Algonquin Radio Observatory, Canada
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ARP Antenna Reference Point
ARPAnet Advanced Research Projects Agency network
ARPL ICTP Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory
ARS American Rocket Society
ARTEMIS ESA Advanced Relay and TEchnology MISsion
ARTK Advanced Real Time Kinematics
ARTUS Advanced Receiver Terminal for User Services
AS American Samoa (ISO code)
AS Anti-Spoofing
AsA Astronomical Almanac
ASA Astronomical Society of Australia
asap as soon as possible
ASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar
ASAS Advanced Solid-state Array Spectrometer
ASAS All Sky Automated Survey
ASC Amateur Star Catalog
ASC LPI Astro Space Center, Moscow, Russia
ASCA Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASKAP Australian SKA Pathfinder
ASCL Astrophysics Source Code Library
ASCR Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
ASD Aerospace & Defence Network
ASD Allan Standard Deviation
ASDD Australian Spatial Data Directory
ASDI All-Sky Doppler Interferometer (Haystack observatory)
ASDI Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure
ASDS Astronomical Software & Documentation Service
ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations (Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam)
ASF Assignable Square Feet
ASI Italian Space Agency (It. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), Italy
ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuits
ASIAA Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Taiwan
ASK Amplitude Shift Key modulation
ASKAP Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
ASL Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory
ASLO American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
ASM Astronomical Society of Melbourne
ASNSW Astronomical Society of New South Wales
aso and so on
ASP Active Server Pages
ASP Association of Shareware Professionals
ASP Astronomical Society of the Pacific
ASPERA AStroParticle ERAnet
ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Bethesda, MD, USA
ASQ Airport Service Quality
ASR Advances in Space Research (journal)
ASRS NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System
ASS Acta Seismologica Sinica (journal)
ASST Average Sea Surface Temperature
AST U.S. Atlantic Standard Time (UTC - 4h)
ASTE Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment
ASTEC Australian Science and Technology Council
ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
ASTEX ASTeroid EXplorer
ASTROD Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices
AstL Astronomy Letters (journal)
Astr. Astronomical
ASTRA ASTrometry and phase-Referencing Astronomy
ASTRA Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions (journal)
ASTRO-H the same as NeXT (JAXA/NASA)
Astron. Astronomical
Astron. Astronomy
Astrophys. Astrophysical
Astrophys. Astrophysics
ASU Arizona State University, AZ, USA
ASV Astronomical Society of Victoria
AT Atomic Time
AT Australia Telescope project
AT Austria (ISO code)
AT Automatic Transmission
AT20G Australia Telescope 20 GHz Survey
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment (the same as IDE)
ATA Allen Telescope Array
ATATS Allen Telescope Array Twenty-centimeter Survey
ATC Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA
ATCA Australia Telescope Compact Array
ATD Advanced Technical Development
ATEx Advanced Tether Experiment
ATIC Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter
ATL ActiveX Template Library
ATLAS originally: A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS
ATLAS Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software
ATLASGAL APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy
ATLAST Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope
AT-LBA Australia Telescope - Long Baseline Array
ATM Airborne Topography Mapper
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM Automatic Teller Machine
ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NPOESS)
ATNF Australia Telescope National Facility
ATNTS Astronomically Tuned Neogene Time Scale
ATP Association of Tennis Professionals
ATSC AlliedSignal Technical Services Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA
ATST Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (NSO)
Attn Attention
ATV Automated Transfer Vehicle
ATWS Australian Tsunami Warning System
ATX Advanced Technology eXtended
AU Astronomical Unit
AU Australia (ISO code)
Aug August
AUI Associated University, Inc., USA
Aur Auriga
AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
AUS Army of the United States
AUSAC Arecibo Users and Scientific Advisory Committee
AUSLAS Graz Laser Station, Austria
AUSLIG Australian Surveying and Land Information Group (now GA)
Aust. Australia
AUT Auckland University of Technology, NZ
AUW Agricultural University Wroclaw, Poland
aux. auxiliary
Av. Avenue
AVAR Allan Variance
Ave. Avenue
avg. average
AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
AVIRIS Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
AVISO Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellites Oceanographic Data
AVL Automatic Vehicle Location
AVLS Automatic Vehicle Location System
AVN Adult Video News
AVN African VLBI Network
AVNIR Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer
AVOCADO A Virtual Observatory Census to Address Dwarfs Origins
AW Aruba (ISO code)
AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System, USA
AWD All-Wheel Drive
AWESOME Atmospheric Weather Education System for Observation and Modeling of Effects
AWFT Automatic Wide Field Telescope project (ROA, Spain)
AWG Analysis Working Group
AWG ESA SPC Astronomy Working Group
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
AWH Astronomy and World Heritage
AWHI Astronomy and World Heritage Initiative
AWI Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany
awk Aho-Kernighan-Weinberger (Unix)
AWM Association for Women in Mathematics, USA
AWOL Absence Without (Official) Leave
AWOL Absent Without (Official) Leave
AWS Automatic Weather Station(s)
A-WVR Advanced Water Vapor Radiometer (JPL)
AXAF NASA Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility
AXP Anomalous X-ray Pulsar
AXTAR Advanced X-ray Timing Array
AYOK Are You OK?
AZ Arizona
AZ Azerbaijan (ISO code)
Az Azimuth
AZ-EL Azimuth-Elevation
B. Bachelor
B Bandwidth
B Besselian epoch
b billion
B Bishop (chess)
B blue
B Boing (airplane)
b. born
B2 Second Bologna Catalog of radio sources
B2B Business-to-Business
B2C Business-to-Consumer
B2G Business-to-Government
B3 Third Bologna Catalog of radio sources
B.A. Bachelor of Arts
BA Bosnia and Herzegowina (ISO code)
BA British Airways
BAA British Astronomical Association
BAARAG British Astronomical Association Radio Astronomy Group
BAAVSS British Astronomical Association Variable Star Section
BAdW Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Ger. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften), Munich, Germany
BAE British Aerospace, Australia
BAKO Bako Surtanal, Indonesia
BAL Broad Absorption Line
B.A.N.Z.A.R. British, Australian, New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
BAO Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
BARD Bay Area Regional Deformation GPS Network, USA
BARGN Basin and Range GPS Network, USA
BARREL Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses
BAS Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BAT British American Tobacco Co.
BATC Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, Boulder, CO, USA
BATSE Burst And Transient Source Experiment
BAW British AirWays
BAYTAP-G Bayesian Tidal Analysis Program - Grouping Model
BB Barbados (ISO code)
BB Big Bang
BB Black Body
BBAO Black Birch Astrometric Observatory, NZ
BBC BaseBand Converter
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
bbl barrel (of petrolium or oil)
BBO Big-Bang Observer
BBRW Balser-Bania-Rood-Wilson
BBS Bulletin Board System (Bulletin Board Services)
BBXRT Broad Band X-Ray Telescope
BC Before Christ
BC Blind Copy
BC British Columbia (Canadian province)
BCC Blind Carbon Copy (e-mail)
BCC Business Computer Company
BCD Binary-Coded Decimal
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine
BCI Building Condition Index
BCIS U.S. DHS Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
BCP Binary Control Protocol
BCRS Barycentric Celestial Reference System
BCS Binary Coded Symbols signal
BR Bedroom
BD Bangladesh (ISO code)
BD Bonner Durchmusterung
Bd. Boulevard
BDL Bureau des Longitudes, Paris Observatory, France
BdRAO Badary Radio Astronomical Observatory, Russia
BDS BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
BDT Barycentric Dynamical Time
BE Belgium (ISO code)
BE-C Beacon Explorer C satellite
BEC Bose-Einstein Condensation
BEC Business English Certificate
BEK International Commission for Global Geodesy of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Ger. Bayerische Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung), Germany
BEP Basic Earth Parameters
BER Bit Error Rate
BeSSeL Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy survey
BEST Bering Ecosystem STudy
BeV billion electron volt
BEV (Ger. Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen), Vienna, Austria
BFEC Bendix Field Engineering Corporation, USA
BF Burkina Faso (ISO code)
BfL Federal Office of Topography (Ger. Bundesamt für Landestopographie), Wabern, Switzerland (the same as FOT, LPT, L+T)
BG Bulgaria (ISO code)
BGI International Gravity Bureau (Fr. Bureau Gravimétrique International), CNES/CRGS, Toulouse, France
BGN Brain Games Network Co., UK
BGU Ben-Gurion University, Israel
BH Bahrain (ISO code)
BH Black Hole
BI Burundi (ISO code)
BIBER Bounded Influence By standardizEd Residuals
BIC Bayesian information criterion
BIF Binary Information Files
BIFROST Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound Observations, Sea Level, and Tectonics
BIGF British Isles GPS archive Facility, University of Nottingham, UK
BIGS Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
BIH Bureau International de l'Heure, Paris, France (now BIPM)
BIMA Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association, USA
BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain
BINEX BINinary EXchange (GNSS file format)
Bing Bing Is Not Google (But It's Not Google)
biopic biographical picture (cinema)
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIOS Built-in Operating System
BIPM International Bureau for Weights and Measures (Fr. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures), Paris, France (formerly BIH)
BIQUE Best Invariant Quadratic Unbiased Estimator
BISAM Basic Indexed Sequential Access Method
BISNIS Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States (U.S. Department of Commerce)
BiSON Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network
bit BInary digiT
BITnet Because It's Time Network
BJ Benin (ISO code)
BKG Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (Ger. Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie), Frankfurt, Germany (formerly IfAG)
B.L. Bachelor of Low
BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
BLAST Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope
bldg. building
BLITS Ball Lens In The Space
BLM Bureau of Land Management
bln billion
BLRG Broad-Line Radio Galaxy
BLUE Best Linear Unbiased Estimator
Bl. Boulevard
Blvd. Boulevard
B.M. Bachelor of Medicine
BM Benchmark
BM Bermuda (ISO code)
BM Brownian Motion
BMC Boston Micromachines Corporation
BMI Body Mass Index
BMP Windows Bitmap
BMW Bayrische Motoren Werke
bn billion
BN Brunei Darussalam (ISO code)
BNC Baker-Nunn Camera
BNC BKG NTRIP Client
BNH Basic Null Hypotesis
BNP Banque Nationale de Paris
BNSC British National Space Center
BO Bolivia (ISO code)
BOC Binary Offset Carriar signal
BOCcos Cosine phased BOC modulation
BOCsin Sine phased BOC modulation
BOF Birds of a Feather (a kind of scientific meeting)
BOJ Bank Of Japan
Boo Bootes (constellation)
BOT Beginning Of Tape
BP Before Present
BP Beyond Petroleum (formerly British Petroleum)
BP British Petroleum (now Beyond Petroleum)
BPE Bernese Processing Engine
BPF Band Pass Filter
bpi bits per inch
Bpi bytes per inch
bps bits per second
Bps bytes per second
BPSK Binary Phase (BiPhase) Shift Keying
Bq becquerel
BR Boot Record
BR Brazil (ISO code)
BRD Broadcast Ephemeris
BRI Basic Rate Interface
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
Bros. Brothers
BRS Barycentric Reference System
B.S. Bachelor of Science
BS Bahamas (ISO code)
BS Bright Stars
BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method
B.Sc. Bachelor of Science
BSC Binary Compatibility Specification
BSC Bright Source Catalogue
BSD Berkeley Software Distribution
BSG Blue SuperGiant
bsh bushel
BSL Baltic Sea Level
BSM Borehole StrainMeter
BSS Broadcasting Satellite Services
BST British Summer Time (UTC + 1h)
BSW Bernese SoftWare
BT Bhutan (ISO code)
BTS BIH Terrestrial System
BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics, USA
BTU British Thermal Unit
btw between
BTW by the way
BUDDA BUlge/Disk Decomposition Analysis
Bull. Bulletin
bu bushel
BUTE Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
BV Bouvet Island (ISO code)
BVID Bordeaux VLBI Image Database
BVSS Bonn VLBI Software System
BW Bandwidth
b/w black and white
BW Botswana (ISO code)
BWE Becker-White-Edwards (catalog)
BWG Beam WaveGuide (radio antenna)
BWS BandWidth Synthesis
BY Belarus (ISO code)
BYOD Bring Your Own Device
BYORP Binary YORP effect
BZ Belize (ISO code)
c. approximately, about (Lat. circa)
C Cambridge
C Capacity
C Capacitance
C Celsius (Centigrade)
c century
C. Comment
C Commission
C coulomb
c cycle
C2D Click to Dial
C2D Core 2 Duo
C2D Cores to Disks (Spitzer program)
C4I Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence
ca. approximately, about (Lat. circa)
CA California
CA Canada (ISO code)
CA Coarse Acquisition
C/A Coarse Acquisition
CA Component Architecture
CACS Canadian Active Control System
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CADC Canadian Astronomy Data Center (HIA)
Cae Caelum (constellation)
CAGS Council of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Services (formerly FAGS)
Cal. Calibration
Cal. California
CALET CALorimetric Electron Telescope (JEM-EF)
Calif. California
CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations
CALLISTO Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory
CALPAN California Passive Network
CALS Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (image file format)
CALTECH California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
CALTRANS California Department of Transportation
Cam Camelopardalis (constellation)
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CAM Core Angular Momentum
CAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And Control
CAMC Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
CAMMAC Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, Meteorites, Astroblems, Craters
CAN NASA Cooperative Agreement Notice
CANGAROO Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback, Woomera, Australia
CAO Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia
cap. capacity
Cap. Capital
CAP Capitalized Phrase (Amazon)
Cap Capricornus (constellation)
CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart
Car Carina (constellation)
CARAVAN Compact Antenna of Radio Astronomy for VLBI Adapted Network
Carb. Carbohydrate
Cas Cassiopeia (constellation)
CAS Catalog Archive Server
CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences
CAS Column Address Strobe latency
CASB STScI Catalogs and Surveys Branch
CASC Canadian Active Control System
CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering
CASI NASA Center for AeroSpace Information
CASIS Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
CASLE Commonwealth Association for Surveying and Land Economy
CASM Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping
CAT City Airport Train
CAT Computer Assisted Translation
CAT MRAO Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope
CATREF Combination and Analysis of Terrestrial REference Frames
CATS Astrophysical CATalogs support System (Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russia)
CATS Central Asian Tectonic Sciences program
CAWSES Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System
CAY Centro Astronomico de Yebes, Spain
CB Central Bureau
CBAT Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
CBCS Composite Binary Coded Symbols
CBD EVN Consortium Board of Directors
CBI Cosmic Background Imager, Chile
CBIS IGS Central Bureau Information System
CBK Space Research Center PAN (Pol. Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk), Warsaw, Poland
CBN Canadian Base Network
CBN U.S. NGS Cooperative Base Network
CBP U.S. Customs and Border Protection
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CBR Cosmic Background Radiation
CBT Congress Business Travel Ltd.
CC Carbon Copy
CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands (ISO code)
CC Compilation Catalog
CC Christian Church
cc cubic centimeter
CCAA Chinese Center for Antarctic Astronomy
CCAFS Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL, USA
CCAR Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Boulder, CO, USA
CCAUV Consultative Committee for Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration (Fr. Comité Consultatif de l'Acoustique, des Ultrasons et des Vibrations)
CCB83 Condon-Condon-Broderick radio sources
CCC Conformal Cyclic Cosmology
CCC Correlator Control Computer
CCC Cross Correlation in a Computer (software correlator), Kashima, Japan
CCCT Computing, Communication and Control Technologies
CCD Charged (Charge) Coupled Device
CCDM Catalog of the Components of Double and Multiply Systems
CCDS Comité Consultatif pour la Definition de la Seconde
CCE Consultative Committee for Electricity (now CCEM)
CCEM Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (Fr. Comité Consultatif d'Électricité et Magnetisme)
CCF Cross Correlation Function
CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (Fr. Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications) (now ITU-R)
CCL Consultative Committee for Length (Fr. Comité Consultatif des Longueurs)
CCLRC Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils, UK
CCM Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (Fr. Comité Consultatif pour la Masse et les grandeurs apparentées)
CCNet Cambridge Conference Network, UK
CCO Cisco Connection Online
CCP NASA Commercial Crew Program
CCP Consultative Committee for Photometry (now CCPR)
CCPR Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (Fr. Comité Consultatif de Photométrie et Radiométrie)
CCQM Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry (Fr. Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière - metrologie en chimie)
CCR Corner Cube Reflector
CCRI Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (Fr. Comité Consultatif des Rayonnements Ionisants)
CCRS Canada Center for Remote Sensing, NRCan, Canada
CCT Computer Compatible Tape
CCT Consultative Committee for Thermometry (Fr. Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie)
CCTF Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (Fr. Comité Consultatif du Temps et des Frequences)
ccTLD Country Code Top-Level Domain
CCTV China Central Television
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
CCU Consultative Committee for Units (Fr. Comité Consultatif des Unités)
CD Change Directory
CD Compact Disc
CD Cordoba Durchmusterung
CDA Compact Disc Audio
CDAS Climate Data Assimilation System (Climate Data Analysis System)
CdC Map of the Sky (Fr. Carte du Ciel)
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
CDC NOAA Climate Diagnostic Center
CDC Control Data Corp., USA
CDDIS NASA/GSFC Crustal Dynamics Data Information System
CDE Common Desktop Environment (HP)
CDF Cumulative Density Function
CDF Cumulative Distribution Function
CDM Cold Dark Matter
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDP NASA Crustal Dynamics Project
CD-R Compact Disk Recordable
CD-RW Compact Disk Re-Writable
CDR Critical Design Review
CDS Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg, France
CDSCC Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex, Tidbinbilla, Australia
CDSLR Crustal Dynamics Satellite Laser Ranging
CDSM Chief Directorate Surveys and Mapping, South Africa
CDSWG Cool Dwarf Science Working group
CDT U.S. Central Daylight Time (UTC - 5h)
CDU Control/Display Unit
C.E. Christian Era
CEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique
CEAM Celestial Effective Angular Momentum
CeDAMar Census of the Diversity Abyssal Marine Life
CEDAR Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (UCAR)
CEDAR Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (Buffalo Univ., USA)
CEDR Center for Earth Dynamics Research, Czech Republic
CEE Centro de Estudios Espaciales, University de Chile, Chile
CEGRN Central European GPS Geodynamic Reference Network
CEI Central European Initiative
CEI Connected Element Interferometer
CEIP Microsoft Customer Experience Improvement Program
CEJG Central European Journal of Geosciences
CEJP Central European Journal of Physics
Celes. Celestial
Celest. Celestial
CELT California Extremely Large Telescope
Cen Centaurus (constellation)
CENSORS Combined EIS-NVSS Survey Of Radio Sources
CEO Celestial Ephemeris Origin
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CEO European Center for Earth Observation
CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
CEP Celestial Ephemeris Pole
Cep Cepheus (constellation)
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CEReS Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Japan
CERES Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System
CERES Consortium for European Research on Extragalactic Surveys
CERFACS European Center for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation (Fr. Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique)
CERGA Centre d'Études et de Recherches en Géodynamique et Astrométrie (Astronomigue), France
CERGOP Central Europe (seldom European) Regional Geodynamics Project
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, (originally Fr. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), Switzerland
CESJ Central European Science Journals
CESR Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, France
CESRA Community of European Solar Radio Astronomers
CEST Central European Summer Time (UTC + 2h)
CET Central European Time (UTC + 1h)
Cet Cetus (constellation)
CETC China Electronics Technology Group Corporation
CETC Community Education Training Center
CETCnn nn-th (Research) Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation
CF Center of Figure
CF Central African Republic (ISO code)
cf. compare (Lat. confer)
CF Constant Factor
CFA Common Factor Analysis
CFA Confirmatory Factor Analysis
CfA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA, USA
CFD Constant Fraction Discriminator
CFHT Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation
CFM cubic feet per minute
CFO Chief Financial Officer
CFP Call for Papers
CFP Call for Participation
CFRP Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic
CFRS Canada-France Redshift Survey
CG Center of Gravity
CG Congo (ISO code)
CGA Color Graphics Adapter
CGCG Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies
CGFF Canadian Geodetic Fringe Fitting
CGGTTS CCTF Group on GNSS Time Transfer Standards
CG-IC China Geoinformatic Center of the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping
CGI Common Gateway Interface
CGLBI Canadian Geodetic Long Baseline Interferometry
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
CGPA Cumulative Grade Point Average
CGPM General Conference on Weights and Measures (Fr. Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures)
CGPS Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
CGPS Continuous GPS
CGRO Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
CGS Centimeter-Gram-Second system
CGS Chinese Geophysical Society
CGS ASI Space Geodesy Center (It. Centro di Geodesia Spaziale), Matera, Italy, the same as CSG
CGSIC Civil GPS Service Interface Committee
CGSN Canadian Gravity Standardization Net
CGU Canadian Geophysical Union
CH Switzerland (ISO code)
Cha Chameleon (constellation)
CHAIN Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network
CHAIN Continuous H-alpha Imaging Network
CHAMP CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload
CHARA Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University
Chem. Chemical
Chem. Chemistry
ChEss Biogeography of Chemosynthetic Ecosytems
Chin. Chinese
CHIPS Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (University of California, Berkeley)
CHL Continental Hockey League
CHORUS Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States
CI Color Index
CI Confidence Interval
CI Cote d'Ivoire (ISO code)
CI Critical Infrastructure
CIA U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
CIAO Coronagraphic Imager with Adaptive Optics
CIB Cosmic Infrared Background
CIC CIGNET Information Center, Rockville, MD, USA
CICESE Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Education Superior de Encenada, Mexico
CID Card Identification Number
CID Charged (Charge) Injection Device
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIDA Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia, Merida, Venezuela
CIDR Coherent Ionospheric Doppler Radar
CIE Commission Internationale d'Eclairage
CIF Common Intermediate Format
CIG Canadian Institute of Geomatics
CIGNET Cooperative International GPS Network
CIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval
CINEOS Campo Imperatore Near Earth Object Survey
CIO Chief Information Officer
CIO International Olympic Committee (Fr. Comite International Olympique (International Olympic Committee)
CIO Commission Internationale d'Optique
CIO Conventional International Origin
CIP Celestial Intermediate Pole
CIPE Central Institute for Physics of the Earth, Germany
CIPM International Committee for Weights and Measures (Fr. Comité International des Poids et Mesures)
Cir Circinus (constellation)
CIR Corotating Interaction Region
CIRA COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere
Circ. Circular
CIRS Celestial Intermediate Reference System
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CIS Contact Image Sensor
CIS Conventional Inertial System
CISAS Center of Studies and Activities for Space (It. Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Attivita' Spaziali) of the University of Padova
CiSE Computing in Science and Engineering (journal)
CISTI Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, Canada
CIT California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
cit. cited
CITES Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species
CIZA Clusters In the Zone of Avoidance
CIW Carnegie Institute of Washington, Wasington, DC, USA
CJF Caltech-Jodrell Bank Flat-spectrum
CJO Cambridge Journals Online
CK Cook Islands (ISO code)
CL Chile (ISO code)
C-L Civil-Long signal
CL Confidence Level
CL ConsumerLab.com (LLC)
C-LAR Canadian Large Adaptive Reflector
CLASS Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey
CLASS Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor
CLCS Checkout and Launch Control System, NASA
CLFST MRAO Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope
CLG Central Laboratory for Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria
CLIPS Climate Information and Prediction Services
clk clock
CLOUD Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CERN)
CLPP Central Laboratory for Parallel Processing, Bulgaria
CLS CLear Screen
CLS Collecte Localization Satellites, Ramonville Cedex, France
CLS Common Language Specification
CLX Component Library for Cross Platforms
CM Cameroon (ISO code)
CM Center of Mass
cm centimeter
C-M Civil-Moderate signal
CMa Canis Major (constellation)
CMA China Meteorological Administration
CMA Comparative Market Analysis
CMarZ Census of Marine Zooplankton
CMASF San Fernando Automatic Meridian Circle (Sp. Circulo Meridiano Automatico de San Fernando), CUC observatory, Argentina
CMB Center-of-Mass Ballance
CMB Core-Mantle Boundary
CMB Cosmic Microwave Background
CMBR Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
CMC Carlsberg Meridian Catalog
CMC Common Massaging Calls
CMC Core-Mantle Coupling
CMD Constant Mid-Signal Detection
CME Coronal Mass Ejection
CMG Companion of the order of St. Michael & St. George
CMi Canis Minor (constellation)
CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
CML Combined Membership List
CMMACS CSIR Center for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore, India
CMMI Capability Maturity Model Integration
CMONC Crustal Movement Observation Network of China
CMONOC Crustal Movement Observation Network of China
CMOS Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
CMOS Chicago Manual of Style
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CMS Chicago Manual of Style
CMT Carlsberg Meridian Telescope
CMT Centroid Moment Tensor
CMVA Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array
CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-blacK
CN Center of Network
CN China (ISO code)
Cnc Cancer (constellation)
CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
CNES French Space Agency (Centre National d'Études Spatiales), Toulouse, France
CNKI China National Knowledge Infrastructure
CNN Cable News Network, USA
CNR Communication Network Riser (PC slot)
CNR National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Bologna, Italy
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research), France
CNS Central Nervous System
CNS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS Systems, Inc.), Severna Park, MD, USA
c/o care of
CO Central Office
CO Colombia (ISO code)
CO Colorado
Co. Company
Co. County
COA Certificate of Authenticity
COAMPS Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System
COAST MRAO Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope
COB Close Of Business day
COB Communication and Outreach Branch
COBOL COmmon Business-Oriented Language
COBRAS COsmic Background Radiation Anisotropy Satellite
COCOM Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls
C.O.D. Cash On Delivery
COD Center for Orbit Determination
CODASYL COnference on DAta SYstem Language, USA
CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology
CODE Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, AIUB, Bern, Switzerland
CODI UN Committee on Development Information
CODMAC ILRS Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and Computing
COEO Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillator
COGR Continuously Operating GPS Receiver
COHIG Core-O'Higgins VLBI experiments
COI Co-Investigator
COKE Connected between OLIVE and KSP network Experiment, Japan
Col. Colonel
Col. Colorado
Col. College
Coll. Colloquium
Colo. Colorado
Col Columba (constellation)
CoM Center of Mass
Com Coma Berenices (constellation)
COM Component Object Model
Comd. Commander
COMET Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes and Tectonics, UK
COMICS Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (Subaru telescope)
CoML Census of Marine Life
Comm. Communication (technology)
Comm. Communications (journal)
COMPTEL Compton Telescope, Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
CONAE COmision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Argentina
Conf. Conference
CONFOR CONnection of Frames in Optical and Radio regions
CONICET National Research Council of Argentina
Conn. Connecticut
Cont. Continued
Cont. Contract
CONTOUR COmet Nucleus Tour
CONUS Continental United States
COO Chief Operating Officer
Coop. Cooperative
COP Chief of Party (geodesy, geology)
COP Code Predicted orbit
COPE Committee on Publication Ethics
COPs Control Operation Planning subsystem, Japan
COPUOS UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
C.O.R. City of Redmond
CORDIS EU Community Research & Development Information Service
CORE Continuous Observations of the Rotation of the Earth
COrE Cosmic Origins Explorer
CORF Committee on Radio Frequencies, USA
COROT COnvection, ROtation and planetary Transits space telescope (CNES, France)
Corp. Corporation
CORS Continuously Operating Reference Stations
COS Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (Hubble Space Telescope)
COSIS Copernicus Online Service and Information System
COSMIC NASA COmputer Software Management and Information Center
COSMIC Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate
COSMOGRAIL COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses
COSPAR Committee on Space Research
COSPAS-SARSAT COsmicheskaya Systema Poiska Avariinyh Sudov - Search And Rescue SATellite, Russia
COSTAR Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (HST)
COSTED Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries
COSTEP Comprehensive Suprathermal and Energetic Particle Analyzer (SOHO)
CoT Car of Tomorrow (NASCAR)
COTES Conventional Terrestrial Reference System
COTS Commercial Off The Shelf
COTS Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (NASA)
CoW Council of Wise
COWAT Coaxial Wave-guide Transformer
CP Circular Polarization
CP Collaborative Programs
CP Command Processor
cp. compare
CP NASA STI Conference Publication
CPAN Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
CPC Cape Photographic Catalog
CPC Communist Party of China
CPC IERS Conventions Product Center
CPD Cape Photographic Durchmusterung
cpd cycles per day
CPF SLR Consolidated Prediction Format
CPGS Conventional Prompt Global Strike
CPIRSS USNO Catalog of Positions of Infrared Stellar Sources
CPMN Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network
CPO Celestial Pole Offset
CPO Chief Petty Officer
CPP Calling Party Pays
CPP Combination Pilot Project (IERS)
CPS Certification Practice Statement
cps character per second
cpsd cycles per sidereal day
Cpt. Captain
CPTT GPS Carrier Phase Time Transfer
CPU Central Processing Unit
CQD Come Quick, Danger (used before SOS)
CR Carriage Return
c.q. in which case, as the case may be, and/or, if that is the case (Lat. casu quo)
CR Championship Record
CR Choke Ring (antenna)
CR Climate Research (journal)
CR NASA STI Contractor Report
CR Cosmic Rays
CR Costa Rica (ISO code)
CrA Corona Australis (constellation)
CRAAE Center for Radio Astronomy and Space Applications (Pg. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Aplicacoes Espaciais), Brazil
CRAF ESF Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies
CrAO Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
CRAM Card Random Access Memory
CRaTER Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (LRO)
CRATES Combined Radio All-Sky Targeted Eight GHz Survey
CrB Corona Borealis (constellation)
CRC Camera Ready Copy
CRC IERS Combination Research Center
CRCM IAG Commission on Recent Crustal Movement
CRD Consolidated laser Ranging Data format
CRDF Civilian R&D Foundation for the Independent States of the FSU, USA
CRDS Celestial Reference Frame Deep South
CRESTech Center for Research in Earth and Space Technology, Canada
CRF Celestial Reference Frame
CRGS Centre de Ressources - Génotypage et Séquençage
CrIS Cross-track Infrared Sounder (NPOESS)
CRIS Current Research Information Systems
CRL Communications Research Laboratory (now NICT), Japan
CRLHI CRL Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
CRM Customer Relationship Management
CRMS Clock RMS (IGS)
CRS Celestial Reference System
CRSR Centre for Radiophysics and Space Research, AUT, NZ
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
Crt Crater (constellation)
CRU Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia
Cru Crux (constellation)
Crv Corvus (constellation)
CRV Current Replacement Value
CRVAD Catalogue of Radial Velocities with Astrometric Data
CS Communication Satellite
CS CornerStoun mission (ESA)
C/S Customer Sample
CSA Canadian Space Agency
CSAC Chip-Scale Atomic Clock
CSART Constrained Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique
CSB China Seismological Bureau
CSBN IAU Committee on Small Body Nomenclature
CSC Computer Science Corp., Silver Spring, MD, USA
CSC Computer Sciences Corp., Falls Church, VA, USA
CSCD Chinese Science Citation Database
CSEM Center for Space Environment Modeling, College of Engineering, University of Michigan
CSEM Controlled Source ElectroMagnetics (Electromagnetic)
CSEP Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability
CSG ASI Center of Spatial Feodesy (It. Centro di Geodesia Spaziale), Matera, Italy, the same as CGS
CSG Chinese Society for Geodesy
CSI Chinese Scientometric Indicators
CSI Crime Scene Investigation
CSIC Spanish Research Council (Sp. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas)
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghana
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia
CSLR Cell-Site Location Record
CSM Chinese Society for Meteorology
CSM circumstellar matter
CSM NCAR Climate System Model
CSMPG Chinese Society for Mineral Petrology and Geo-Chemistry
CSnet Computer Science Network
CSO California Institute of Technology 10.4-m Submillimeter Telescope, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
CSO Chinese Society for Oceanology
CSO Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator
CSO Compact Symmetric Object
CSOC Consolidated Space Operations Contract, NASA, USA
CSOL Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology
CSP Cambridge Scientific Publishers
CSPAD Compensated Single Photon (Photoelectron) Avalanche Diode
CSPI College Student Precommissioning Initiative
CSR Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
CSR Center for Space Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
CSR Concept Study Report
CSRC California Spatial Reference Center, San Diego, CA, USA
CSRIFS Combined Square Root Information Filter and Smoother
CSRS Canadian Spatial Reference System
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
CSS Catalina Sky Survey
CSS Compact Steep Spectrum radio source
CSS Content Scrambling System
CSSAR Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
CSSC Corona Space Surveillance Centre, Oslo, Norway
CSSCI Chinese Social Science Citation Index
CSSS Chinese Society for Space Sciences
CST U.S. Central Standard Time (UTC - 6h)
CST China Standard Time (UTC + 8h)
CSTAR Chinese Small Telescope ARray
CSTC Air Force Sunnyvale Consolidated Space Test Center, USA
CSTG IAG Commission VIII - International Coordination of Space Techniques for Geodesy and Geodynamics
CSTP Council for Science and Technology Policy, Japan
CSTPC China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations
CSUF California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
CSWC Chinese Society for Water Conservancy
CT Connecticut
ct. Cent
Ct. Court
CTA Cherenkov Telescope Array
CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
CTE Charge Transfer Efficiency (CCD)
CTE Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
CTIO Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile
CTIOPI Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory Parallax Investigation
CTIP CSIRO Telecommunications & Industrial Physics
Ctl Control
CTLRS Chinese Transportable Laser Ranging System
CTO Chief Technical Officer
CTO Chief Technology Officer
CTP Conventional Terrestrial Pole
CTRF Conventional Terrestrial Reference Frame
Ctrl Control
CTRS Conventional Terrestrial Reference System
CTS Canadian Technology Satellite
cts Cents
CTS Communication Technology Satellite
CTS Conventional Terrestrial System
CTS Copyright Transfer Statement
CTSM Continuous Time Stochastic Modelling
CTU FNSPE Czech Technical University Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering
CTVA Canadian Transportable VLBI Antenna
CTX Context Imager (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter)
CU Cuba (ISO code)
cu. Cubic
CU see you
CU University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
CUC Carlos U. Cesco observatory, Argentina
CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture
CUO Copenhagen University Observatory
CUP Cambridge University Press
CUPPA Curtin University Parallel Processor for Astronomy
CUREA Consortium for Undergraduate Research and Education in Astronomy, MWO, USA
CV Cape Verde (ISO code)
CV Common View
CV Curriculum Vitae
CVF Compaq Visual Fortran
CVn Canes Venatici (constellation)
CVN Chinese VLBI Network
CVO Canadian Virtual Observatory
CVS Concurrent Versions System
CVT Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation
CVT Continuously Variable Transmission
CW Chandler Wobble
CWRU Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
CWT Continuous Wavelet Transform
cwt hundredweight (centum) weight
CWU Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
CX Christmas Island (ISO code)
CXML Compaq eXtended Math Library
CXO Chandra X-ray Observatory
CY Cyprus (ISO code)
Cyg Cygnus (constellation)
CyTeG Cyber Tech Group
CZ Long March ( Chin. Chang Zheng) rocket, China
CZ Czech Republic (ISO code)
CZIN Czech Institute of Navigation
D Defender (sport)
D. Democrat (a member of the Democratic Party)
D. Department
D Division
D. Doctor
D Draws/Drawn (sport)
d. died
d. penny
DA Diamond Aircraft
DA Digital-to-Analog
DA Direct Access
DA District Attorney
DAAC NASA/JPL Distributed Active Archive Center
DAAD German Academic Exchange Service (Ger. German: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)
DAC Data Analysis Center
DAC Digital-to-Analog Convertor
DAL Delta AirLines
DAM Direct Access Method
DAMA DArk MAtter project
DAME DAta Mining & Exploration
DAMIAN Digital Access to Metric Images Archives, ROB, Belgium
DAMIT Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques (Astronomical Institute, Prague, Czech Republic)
DANOF Departement d'Astronomie Fondamentale, Paris Observatory, France (now SYRTE)
DANTE Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe
DAO Data Access Objects
DAO NASA/GSFC Data Assimilation Office
DAO Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, BC, Canada
DARA German Space Agency (Ger. Deutsche Agentur fur Raumfahrtangelegenheiten GmbH)
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA
DART Dynamic Advertising Reporting Targeting
DAS Data Acquisition System
DAS Data Analysis System
DAS Data Archive Server
DAS Data Assimilation System
DASCH Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard
DASD Direct Access Storage Device
DASOS DAS Operating System
DASP Dynamic Adaptive Speculative Preprocessor
DAT Data Acquisition Terminal
DAVAR Dynamic Allan Variance
DB DataBase
dB decibel
DB Directing Board
DBA Doctor of Business Administration
DBBC Digital BaseBand Converter
DBC DataBase Code
DBCS Double-Byte Character Set
DBE Digital Back-End
DBH Data Base Handler (Mark-3 VLBI data format)
dble Double
DBLP Digital Bibliography & Library Project, University of Trier, Germany
DBMS DataBase Management System
DBRN Data-Based Referenced Navigation
DC Data Center
DC Device Context
DC Direct Current
DC District of Columbia
DC Douglas Commercial (airplane)
DCB Data Control Block
DCB Device Control Block
DCB Differential Code Bias
DCDFT Date Compensated Discrete Fourier Transform
DCE Data Communication Equipment
DCF Discrete Correlation Function
DCL Digital Command Language
DCS Data Collecting System
DCT Lowell's Discovery Channel Telescope
DD NOAA FSL Demonstration Division
DD Double Density
DD Double Difference
DD Dual-Depth (GPS antenna)
D-day Designated day
DDA Division on Dynamical Astronomy, American Astronomical Society
DDE Dynamic Data Exchange
DDI Device Driver Interface
DDK Microsoft Driver Development Kits
DDN Defense Data Network
DDNA Divided Difference Noise Analysis
DDoS Distributed Denial of Service
DDR German Democratic Republic (Ger. Deutsche Demokratische Republik)
DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
DDR2 SDRAM Double Data Rate Two SDRAM
DDR3 SDRAM Double Data Rate Three SDRAM
DDRG Double-Double Radio Galaxy
DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery
DDT DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane
DDV Dialog Data Validation
DDX Dialog Data Exchange
DE Dark Energy
DE Declination
DE Delaware
DE Development Ephemerides
DE Differential Equation
DE Germany (ISO code)
Dec December
Dec Declination
DEC Digital Equipment Corp., USA
DECIGO DECI-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory
DECnet DEC networking product
def. Defeat
Def. Definition
deg gegree
DEGRIAS DElft Geodetic Radio Interferometry Adjustment System
Del. Delaware
Del. Delete
Del Delphinus (constellation)
Dem Democrat (a member of the Democratic Party)
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DENIS DEep Near Infrared Survey of the southern sky
DEOS Delft Institute for Earth-Oriented Space Research, DUT, the Netherlands
DEP Data Execution Prevention
dep. Deputy
Dept. Department
DESI Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
DEST Department of Education, Science and Training, Australia
DET Detachment
DEVOS Deep Extragalactic VLBI-Optical Survey
DF Defender (sport)
DFA Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
DFAS Defence Finance and Accounting Service
DFD Data Flow Diagram
DFG Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft
DF&P WG ILRS Data Formats and Procedures Working Group
DFPWG ILRS Data Formats and Procedures Working Group
DFN Deutsches Forschungnetz, Germany
DFNK German Research Network on Natural Disasters
DFRF Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, CA, USA
DFS Duty Free Shop
DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation
DFTNIC NASA/GSFC Data Flow Technology Network Information Center
DG Delay Generator
DGFI German Geodetic Research Institute (Ger. Deutsches Geodätisches ForschungsInstitut), Munich, Germany
DGGA Dense GPS Geodetic Array, USA
DGK German Geodetic Commission (Ger. Deutsche Geodätische Kommission)
DGON German Institute of Navigation (Ger. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ortung und Navigation)
DGPS Differential GPS
DGRS Dynamically nonrotating Geocentric Reference System
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security
DHS IUHPS Division of History of Science
DHTML Dynamic HyperText Markup Language
DIA Detection, Identification, Adaptation
DIB Device Independent Bitmap
DIF DOMES Information Form
DiFX Distributed FX software correlator
DIQ Data and Information Quality
DIM Data Input Module
DIMM Differential Image Motion Monitor
DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm
DIOGENE Determination Immediate d'Orbite par GPS Et Navigateur Embarque
Dipl. Diploma
DIR DIRectory
DIS Data Information System
DITT Department of Land, Noumea, New Caledonia
Div. Division
DIVA Double Interferometer for Visual Astrometry satellite (Deutsches Interferometer für Vielkanalphotometrie und Astrometrie)
DIXI Deep Impact eXtended Investigation (of comets)
DJ DeskJet printer
DJ Disc Jockey
DJ Djibouti (ISO code)
DK Denmark (ISO code)
DKRZ Deutsches KlimaRechenZentrum
DL Dynamically Loaded
DLA Defense Logistics Agency, USA
DLL Delay Locked Loop
DLL Dynamic Link Library
DLM Dissemination Limiting Marker
DLR German Aerospace Center (Ger. Deutsche Forshungsanstalt für Luft- and Raumfart e.V.), Neustrelitz, Germany
DLS Distinguished Lecture Series
DM Dark Matter
DM Deutsche Mark
DM Dominica (ISO code)
DM (D/M) Dorne-Margolin (GPS antenna)
DMA U.S. Defence Mapping Agency
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMAHTC DMA Hydrographic and Topographic Center
DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998
DMCR Dorne-Margolin Choke Ring (GPS antenna)
DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine
DME Distance Measuring Equipment
DMG Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, Germany
DMI Danish Meteorological Institute
DMI David Malin Images
DMI Desktop Management Interface
DMS Data Measurement System
DMSA Double and Multiply Stars Annex (HIPPARCOS)
DMSP DoD Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, USA
DMZ DeMilitarized Zone
DN Diffuse Nebula
DN Dark Nebula
DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNe Diffuse Nebulae
DNF Did Not Finish (sport)
DNS Did Not Start (sport)
DNS Domain Name System (Domain Name Service)
DO Dominican Republic (ISO code)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DOC DOCument, DOCumentation
DoD U.S. Department of Defense
DODG Doris Orbit Determination Group
DoE U.S. Department of Energy
dof degree of freedom (statistics)
DOGS DGFI Orbit and Geodetic parameter estimation Software (System)
DOGS-CS DOGS-Combination and Solution
DoI U.S. Department of the Interior
DOI Digital Object Identifier
DOM Data Output Module
DOM Document Object Model
DOMES Directory of Merit Sites
DOMEX DOMEs EXtended
DOP Dilution of Precision
Dor Dorado (constellation)
DOR Drop(ped) on Request (Discharge(d) On Request, Drop(ped) Own Request, ...)
DORIS Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
DoS Denial of Service
DOS Department of Space, India
DOS Disk Operating System
DOSE Dynamics of the Solid Earth
DOSLI Department of Survey and Land Information, Wellington, NZ
DOT Data Observe Time (VSI)
DoT U.S. Department of Transportation
DOT Dynamic Ocean Topography
DOY Day of Year
DP Double Precision
DPAC Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (Gaia)
D-PAF Germany Processing and Analysis (Archiving) Facility, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
dpi dots per inch
DPL Data Prefetch Logic
DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface
DPMS Dahlgren Polar Monitoring Service
DPS Data Processing System
DPS Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society
DPSSL Diode Pumped Solid State Laser
DQA Data Quality Analysis
DQE Detective Quantum Efficiency
DR Data Release
Dr. Doctor
Dr. Drive
Dra Draco (constellation)
DRAO HIA Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton, BC, Canada
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRE Doppler Ranging Equipment
DREM Dynamic Reference Earth Model
DREN Defense Research and Engineering Network
DRF Delay Resolution Function
DRI Desert Research Institute, NV, USA
DRM Digital Rights Management
DRP Driver Registration Packet
DRS Drag Reductions System
DRTS Data Relay Test Satellite, Japan
DS Strassburg Center of Astronomical Data (Fr. Centre de Donnes Astronomiques de Strasburg), France
DS Double Sided (disk)
DS Double Stars
DSAC Deep Space Atomic Clock
DSB Defence Science Board, USA
DSB Double Sideband
DSC Digital Selective Calling
DSCC Depp Space Communication Complex
DSCS Defense Satellite Communication System
DSD Defense Signal Directorate, Australia
DSGS Densely Spaced Geodetic Systems
DSIR/PEL Department of Scientific & Industrial Researches / Physics & Engineering Laboratory, Lauder, NZ
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSLR Digital Single-Lens Reflex camera
DSN NASA/JPL Deep Space Network
D.S.O. Distinguished Service Order (UK)
DSP Delivery Service Partner
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DSS NASA/JPL Deep Space Station
DSS STScI Digitized Sky Survey
DST Daylight Savings Time
Dst Disturbed Storm Time geomagnetic index
DSU Data Service Unit
DTAG Deutsche Telekom AG, Germany
DTD Document Type Definition
DTIC Defense Technical Information Center, USA
DTM Digital Terrain Map
DTM Digital Terrain Model
DTMF Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (Telephony)
DTOF Differential Time of Flight (SLR)
DTR Diurnal Temperature Range2
DTS Data Transmission System
DTS Digital Thermal Sensor
DTU Technical University of Denmark
Du. Dutch
DUACS Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies
DUI Drive Under Influence
DUT Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
DUT/OSG DUT Observatory for Space Geodesy, the Netherlands
DV Daily Value
DVB Digital Video Broadcast
DVB-H Digital Video Broadcast Handheld terminal
DVB-S Digital Video Broadcast over Satellite
DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (TV standard)
DVC Dynamic Vehicle Control
DVD Digital Video (Versatile) Disk
DVI DeVice Independent
DVI Digital Visual Interface
DVLBI Differential VLBI
D-VOR Doppler VHF Omnidirectional Range
DVR Digital Video Recorder
D.W. Daily Worker (newspaper)
DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
DWE Doppler Wind Experiment (Cassini/Huygens mission)
DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform
DX Duplex
DXRBS Deep X-ray Blazar Survey
DyMEG Dynamic Model for Earth Rotation and Gravity
Dyn. Dynamical
DZ Algeria (ISO code)
dz. dozen
E East
E Einstein Observatory (used in space object naming)
E (E-) Electronic
E. Engineer
ea. each
EA Exchange of Astronomers
EAA Experimental Aircraft Association
EAAE European Association for Astronomy Education
EAAM Effective Atmospheric Angular Momentum
EAAS Euro-Asian Astronomical Society
EAC Earth Approaching Comet(s)
EACR Estación Astronómica de Cerro El Roble, Chile
EAD Employment Authorization Document
EADS European Aeronautic Defense and Space company
EAGE European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers
EAGO EurAsian Geophysical Society
EAL Echelle Atomique Libre (Fr. Free Atomic Scale)
EAM Effective Angular Momentum
EAM Federal Office of Metrology, Switzerland
EAMF Effective Atmospheric angular Momentum Functions
EAN European Article Numbering
EAPS MIT Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences department, Cambridge, MA, USA
EARN European Academic Research Network
EASCO Earth-Affecting Solar Causes Observatory
EASI Earth and Space Index
EAST Earthshine and Asteroseismology Telescope
EAVN East Asia VLBI Network
EBCDIC Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBD Electronic Brakeforce Distribution
EBFD Electronic BrakeForce Distribution
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EBRY Eastern Basin Range Yellowstone, USA
EBS Electron Bombarded Silicon
EBSCO Elton Bryson Stephens COmpany
EC Ecuador (ISO code)
EC Environment Canada
EC Erase Character
EC European Commission
EC European Community
EC European Council
EC European Cup (sport)
EC Executive Committee
ECAC European Conference on Applied Climatology
ECB European Central Bank
ECC CEPT Electronic Communications Committee
ECC Error-Correcting Code memory
ECCC European Champion Clubs Cup
ECCO Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System
ECEF Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed coordinate system
ECGN European Combined Geodetic Network
ECGS European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology, Luxembourg
ECHAM European Centre Hamburg Model
ECI Earth-Centered Inertial coordinate system
eCMAM extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model
ECMWF European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting
ECOM Extended CODE Orbit Model
ECP Enhanced Capability Port
ECRA Eastern Center for Research in Astrophysics, IRE, India
ECRS European Coordinate Reference System
ECSF Earth-Centered Space-Fixed coordinate system
ECSL European Centre for Space Law
ECSN European Climate Support Network
ECTS European Credit Transfer System
ECU European Currency Unit
ECWC European Cup Winners' Cup
Ed. Edited
Ed. Editor
ED European Datum
EDA European Distributed Access
EDA Exploratory Data Analysis
EDC EROS Data Center
EDC EUROLAS Data Center, Munich, Germany
EDC DAAC EROS/EOSDIS Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center
EDF SLR Engineering Data File
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EDM Electronic Distance Measuring (Measurement)
EDM Electronic Distance Meter
EDMI Electronic Distance Measuring Instrument
EDO Extended Data Out (RAM)
EDP Eau de Parfum
EDP Fr. Édition Diffusion Presse
EDPS EDP Sciences, Fr. Édition Diffusion Presse Siences
EDS EBSCO Discovery Service
Eds. Editors
EDT U.S. Eastern Daylight Time (UTC - 4h)
EDT Eau de Toilette
EE Estonia (ISO code)
EEC European Economic Community
EEE Earthquake Environmental Effects
E-ELT European Extremely Large Telescope
EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (US Air Force)
EEMD Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
EEO Equal Employment Opportunity
EEOF Extended EOF analysis
EEOS European Earth Observation System
EEP Einstein Equivalence Principle (Principal)
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EES Elsevier Editorial System
EEST Eastern European Summer Time (UTC + 3h)
EET Electronic Engineering Times (newspaper)
EF Exposed Facility
EFI Extensible Firmware Interface
EFL English as a Foreign Language
EFOSC ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EG Egypt (ISO code)
e.g. for instance (Lat. exempli gratia)
EGA Extended (Enhanced) Graphics Adapter
EGAE Experiment-Guided Adaptive Endpoint
EGEE Enabling Grids for E-science in Europe
EGI Embedded GPS/INS
EGM Earth Gravity Model
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
EGO European Gravitational Observatory
EGRET Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope
EGRS ExtraGalactic Radio Source
EGS European Geophysical Society (now EGU)
EGS Experimental Geodetic Satellite
EGU European Geosciences Union (former EGS + former EUG)
EGVAP EUMETNET GPS water vapour programme
EH Western Sahara (ISO code)
EHA Ethernet Hardware Address
EHF Extra High Frequency
EHT Euro Hockey Tour
EHT Event Horizon Telescope
EiC Editor-in-Chief
EICAR European Institute for Computer Anti-virus Research
EIDS European Integrity Determination System (Galileo)
EIH Einstein-Infeld-Hoffman (equations)
EIRP Effective (Equivalent) Isotropically Radiated Power
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
EISSN Electronic International Standard Serial Number
EJSM Europa Jupiter System Mission
EKF Extended Kalman Filter
EKBO Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Objects
El Elevation
ELAIS European Large Area ISO Survey
ELDP European Lake Drilling Program
Elect. Electrical
Electron. Electronics
ELF Extra (Extremely) Low Frequency
ELSA European Leadership in Space Astrometry
ELT European Laser Timing experiment
ELT Extremely Large Telescope
ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle
ELVIS Expendable Launch Vehicle Integrated Support
EM Eigenvector Method
EM ElectroMagnetic
Emacs Editor MACroS
EMB Earth-Moon Barycenter
EMC Enhanced Machine Controller
EMD Empirical Mode Decomposition
EMEA Europe, the Middle East and Africa
EMEP European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme
EMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In
EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
EMIR European Microgravity Research Program
EMMA European Multi-services Meteorological Awareness
EMP EMR Predicted orbit
EMPV Epoch of Minimal Position Variance
EMR Now NRCan
EMS European Macroseismic Scale
EMS European Meteorological Society
EMS Express Mail Service
EMU Evolutionary Map of the Universe
EN Emission Nebula
eNav Electronic Navigation
ENC Electronic Nautical Chart
ENE East-Northeast
Eng. Engineer(s)
Eng. Engineering
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
ENSG Ecole Nationale des Sciences Géographiques, Marne la Vallée, France
ENSO El Nino/Southern Oscillation
ENVISAT ENVIronmental SATellite
EO Equation of Origin
EOAM Effective Oceanic Angular Momentum
EOB End Of Block
EOC NASDA Earth Observation Center
EOF Empirical Orthogonal Functions
EOF End Of File
EOL End Of Life
EOM End Of Month
EOP Earth Orientation Parameters
EOPAP NASA Earth and Ocean Physics Application Program
EOR End Of Record
EOS Earth Observing System
EOS Electro Optic Systems PTY Ltd., Australia
EOS End Of Support
EOS European Optical Society
EOSDIS NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System
EOT End Of Tape
EOV End Of Volume
EOY End Of Year
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPIC Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC, USA
EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction set Computing
EPIGGOS European Partners for IGGOS
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon
EPJC European Physical Journal C
EPL Excess Path Length
EPM Ephemerides of Planets and the Moon
EPN EUREF Permanent GNSS Network (earlier EUREF Permanent GPS Network)
EPO Education and Public Outreach
EPOCh Extrasolar Planet Observations and Characterization
EPOS European Plate Observing System
EPOXI EPOCh + DIXI
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPS Earth, Planets, and Space (journal)
EPS Encapsulated PostScript
EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK
EPT European Poker Tour
EPUSP-PTR Escola Politecnica da USP-PTR
EQ EarthQuake
eq. equal
eq. equation
eq. equivalent
EQC Earthquake Commission, NZ
EQC Environmental Quality Control
EQE External Quantum Efficiency
Eqpt. Equipment
eqs. equations
Equ Equuleus (constellation)
ER Eritrea (ISO code)
ER European Record
ERA Earth Rotation Angle
ERA Environments of Radio-loud AGN
ERA Ephemeris (for) Research in Astronomy
ERA European Research Area
ERCOFTAC European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
ERDE VLBI Extended Research and Development Experiment
EREI Elliptically symmetric, Rotating, Elastic, Isotropic (Earth model)
ERI Earthquake Research Institute, Tokio University, Japan
ERI Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokio, Japan
Eri Eridanus (constellation)
ERIC European Research Infrastructure Consortium
ERIDOC European Radio Interferometry and Doppler Observational Campaign
ERLcat USNO Extragalactic Reference Link Catalog
ERO European Radiocommunications Office
EROLD Earth Rotation from Lunar Distances (LLR project)
EROS NASA/USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems (Earth Resources Observing Satellite)
EROS Expérience pour la Recherche d'Objets Sombres
ERP Earth Rotation Parameters
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ERS Earth Resources Satellite
ERS Energy Recovery System
ERS Environmental Research Satellite
ERS European Remote Sensing satellite
ERS Extragalactic Radio Source
ERTRC European Radio Telescope Review Committee
ERTS NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite
ERVA Estaciones de Referencia GPS/GNSS de Valencia, Spain
Er:YAG Erbium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet
E/S Engineer Sample
ES Spain (ISO code)
ESA European Space Agency
ESATT European Science and Technology Transfer Network
ESC ESCape
ESC European Seismological Commission
ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESD ElectroStatic Discharge
ESDCD NASA/GSFC Earth and Space Data Computing Division
ESE NASA Earth Science Enterprise
ESE East-Southeast
ESE Extreme Scattering Event
ESEAS European Sea Level Service
ESEAS-RI European Sea Level Service Research Infrastructure
ESF European Science Foundation
ESG European Society of Geodesy
ESI Edge Side Includes (HTML extension)
ESL English as a Second Language
ESLRS NASA/GSFC Experimental Satellite Laser Ranging System
ESMD NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
ESMF NASA/UCAR Earth System Modeling Framework project
ESN Electronic Serial Number
ESNL Earth Science Natural Laboratory
ESO European Southern Observatory, Chile
ESOC European Space Operations Center, Darmstadt, Germany
esp. especially
ESP Early Science Program
ESP ESA Predicted orbit
ESPaCE European Satellite Partnership for Computing Ephemerides
ESPERE Environmental Science Published for Everybody Round the Earth
ESPP Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Esq. Esquire
Esqr. Esquire
ESRIN European Space Research Institute
ESSAS Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas
ESSP Earth System Science Pathfinder
ES SRIPRM East-Siberian Scientific Research Institute for Physics-technical and Radio-technical Measurements (VS NIIFTRI)
Est. Established
EST U.S. Eastern Standard Time (UTC - 5h)
ESTA Electronic System for Travel Authorization
ESTB EGNOS System Test Bed
ESTEC ESA European Space Research and Technology Center, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
ESTEDI European Spatio-Temporal Data Infrastructure for High-Performance Computing
ESTO NASA Earth Science Technology Office
ET Ephemeris Time
ET Ethiopia (ISO code)
ET Event Timer
ETA Earth Trojan Asteroids
ETA Electronic Travel Authority (Australia)
ETA Expected Time of Arrival
et al. and others (Lat. et alia)
etc. and others, and so on (Lat. et cetera)
ETC IAG Earth Tide Commission
ETD Expected Time of Departure
ETG Early-Type Galaxy
ETH Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus
ETRS European Terrestrial Reference System
ETS Engineering Test Satellite
ETS Episodic Tremor and Slip
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EU European Union
EUCOS EUMETNET Composite Observing System
EUG European Union of Geosciences (now EGU)
EUGIN European Group of Institutes of Navigation
EULA End User License Agreement
EUMETNET European Meteorological Network (Network of European Meteorological Services)
EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
EUN Expanded Use Number
EUPOS European Position Determination System
EUR Europe
EURD Experiment for the Detection of the UV Background Radiation (LAEFF, Spain)
EUREF Reference Frame Subcommission for Europe of the IAG
EUREF European Reference Frame
EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of METeorological SATellites
EUROLAS European Laser Consortium
EURONEAR EUROpean Near Earth Asteroid Research
Euro-SPAN European Space Physics Analysis Network
EUSO Extreme Universe Space Observatory (ESA)
EUV Extreme Ultraviolet
EUVN European Vertical GPS Reference Network
eV electron volt
EVA ESMF VAlidation
EVA ExtraVehicular Activity
EVGA European VLBI Group for Geodesy and Astrometry
EVLA Expanded Very Large Array
e-VLBI Electronic transfer VLBI
EVM EigenVector Method
EVN European VLBI Network
EVRF European Vertical Reference Frame
EVRS European Vertical Reference System
EW East-West
EW Equivalent Width (spectral line)
EWASS European Week of Astronomy and Space Science
ex. example
ex. except
exc. except
EXCEED EXtreme ultraviolet spectrosCope for ExosphEric Dynamics satellite (Japan)
ExCom PNT Executive Committee, USA
Exec. Executive
EXPReS Express Production Real-time e-VLBI Service
Ext. Extension
F Fahrenheit
F farad
F Female
F Fortran
F Forward (sport)
F. French
F Friday
F2F Face to Face
FAA U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Foundation for the Advancement of Astronomy, Australia
FABRIC Future Array of Broadband Radio-telescopes on Internet Computing
FACA Federal Advisory Committee Act, USA
FAG Frequently Asked Questions
FAGS Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services (now CAGS)
FAME Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer, NASA/USNO
FAMOUS Frequency Analysis Mapping On Unusual Samplings
FAMT Fully Automatic Machine Translation
FANS Future Air Navigation Systems
FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization
FARIMA Fractional AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average
FAS Federation of American Scientists
FAST Facilitated Access to the Space Environment for Technology Development and Training, NASA
FAST Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer, NASA
FAST Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope
FAST Fly-Away Satellite Terminal
FAT File Access Table (File Allocation Table)
Favicon Favorite Icon
FAX Facsimile System
FB FictionBook (file format)
FBI U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBL Fairhead-Bretagnon-Lestrade
FBM Fractional Brownian Motion
FBN U.S. NGS Federal Base Network
FBQS FIRST Bright QSO Survey
FC Football Club
FCC U.S. Federal Communications Commission
FCFS First Come First Served
FCI Facility Condition Index
FCN Free Core Nutation
FDA Fisher Discriminant Analysis
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FDB File Description Block
FDC France Development Council
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FDDI Fiber Distibuted Data Interface
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FDR Foundation for Research Development, South Africa
FDX Full DupleX
Feb February
FedEx Federal Express
FEM Finite Element Method (mathematics)
FEMA U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency
FERPA Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
FESG Detlef Angermann Research Facility for Space Geodesy (Ger. Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodäsie), Technical University Munich, Germany
FET Field Effect Transistor
FF French Frank
FFDP Far Field Diffraction Pattern
FFI Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Norw. Forsvarets ForskningsInstitutt), Norway
FFRDC Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, USA
FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee, USA
FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee, USA
FGCS Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee, USA
FGI Finnish Geodetic Institute, Helsinki, Finland
FGLR Flux-weighted Gravity-Luminosity Relationship
FGN Fractional Gaussian Noise
FGNP Field Generated Normal Points
FGS Fine Guidance Sensor (HST)
FGS Research Group for Satellite Geodesy (Ger. Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodäsie), Germany (BKG, FESG, DGFI, GIUB)
FHA U.S. Federal Highway Administration
FHWA U.S. Federal Highway Administration
FI Finland (ISO code)
FIA Federation Internationale de l'Automobile
FIAT Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
FIB File Identification Block
FICN Free Inner Core Nutation
FIDE International Chess Federation (Fr. Fédération Internationale de Echecs)
FIF Fractal Image Format
FIFA International Federation of Football Associations (Fr. Fédération Internationale de Football Associations)
FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment
FIFO First-In, First-Out
Fig. Figure
FIG International Federation of Surveyors (Fr. Fédération Internationale des Geometres)
FINLAS Metsahovi Laser Station, Finland
FIR Finite Impulse Response
FIRST Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm
FIS FIFE Information System
FITS Flexible Image Transport System
FIU Florida International University, FL, USA
FIVB International Volleyball Federation (Fr. Fédération Internationale de Volleyball)
FJ Fiji (ISO code)
FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (ISO code)
FK Fundamental Catalog (Ger. Fundamental Katalog)
FL Fixed Laser System
FL Florida
f.l. focal length
Fla. Florida
FLI Finger Lakes Instrumentation, Lima, NY, USA
FLINN Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural science Network
FLOP FLoating-point OPeration
FLOPS FLoating-point Operations Per Second
FM Federated States of Micronesia (ISO code)
FM Frequency Modulation
FMOS Fiber Multi Object Spectrograph (Subaru telescope)
FNRS Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium
FNW Free Network Analysis
FO Faroe Islands (ISO code)
FO Fiber Optic
FOB Free On Board
FOC Faint Object Camera (HST)
FOC Fluid Outer Core
FOC Fully Operational Capability
FOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing
FOM Formula One Management
FOMI Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing, Hungary
For Fornax (constellation)
FOREX FOReign EXchange market
FORS FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph, VLT, ESO, Chile
FORTRAN FORmula TRANslator
FOT Federal Office of Topography (Ger. Bundesamt für Landestopographie), Wabern, Switzerland (the same as BfL, LPT, L+T)
FOT Flight Operations Team
FOTA Firmware On-The-Air
FOTA Formula One Teams Association
FOUO For Official Use Only
FOV Field of View
FP6 Sixth Framework Programm
FP7 Seventh Framework Programm
FPAG ESA SPC Fundamental Physics Working Group
FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
FPN FootPrint Network
fps Frames Per Second
FQTV Frequent Traveler
FR Fanaroff-Riley (radio source classification)
FR Faraday Rotation
FR France (ISO code)
Fr. French
Fr. Friday
FR Front Row
FR Full-Rate
FRA U.S. Federal Railroad Administration
FRCN IUGG Fundamental Reference and Calibration Network
FRD Foundation for Research and Development, South Africa
FREDNET Friuli Regional Deformation Network, Italy
FRG Federal Republic of Germany
Fri. Friday
FRI Fanaroff-Riley type I radio source
FRII Fanaroff-Riley type II radio source
FRM Focus/Rotation Mount (VLBA antenna)
Frm. Former
FRP Federal Radionavigation Plan, USA
FRP Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
FRS Federal Radionavigation Systems, USA
F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society
FRT Fringe Reference Time
FRW Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
FRWY Free Way
fs femtosecond
FS Field System
FSA UK Financial Services Authority
FSC Faint Source Catalogue
FSD File System Driver
FCE First Certificate in English
FSF Free Software Foundation
FSG Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodäsie, TU Munich, Germany
FSK Frequency Shift Key modulation
FSL NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory
FSL/DD NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory Demonstration Division
FSRQ Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar
FSS Fixed Satellite Services
FSS Frequency Selective Surface
FSSR Frequency Selective Sub-Reflector
FSU Former Soviet Union
FSW Fundamental Station Wettzell
ft Foot
Ft. Fort
FT Fourier Transform
FTBPF Fourier Transform Band Pass Filter
FTE Full Time Equivalent
FTLRS French Transportable Laser Ranging System
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTS Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
FTSE Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange
FUSE NASA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer
FUV Far Ultraviolet
FV Fixed VLBI System
FW Fire Wall
FW Forward (sport)
FWD Four-Wheel Drive
FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum
FWIW For What It's Worth
Fwy Freeway
FX France, metropolitan (ISO code)
FXO Foreign eXchange Office
FXS Foreign eXchange Station
FY Wind and Cloud (Chin. Feng Yun) satellite, China
FY Fiscal Year
FYI For Your Information
FYSP Faint Young Sun Paradox
G galaxy
G gauss
g gram
G3 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (journal}
G-7 Group of Seven
G-8 Group of Eight
GA Gabon (ISO code)
GA General Assembly
GA Georgia
GA Geoscience Australia (formerly AUSLIG)
Ga gigayear
GA Goals Against (sport)
GA Göttingen Aktinometry
GA Great Attractor (Cosmology)
GAA Goals Against Average (sport)
GaAsP Gallium Arsenide Photo diode
GAC Geological Association of Canada
GAGAN GPS and GEO Augmented Navigation system, India
GAGER Geodesy, Astrometry, Geodynamics, Earth Rotation software
GAGOS Geodetic And Geohazard Observing System
GAIA Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics
GAIA Graphical Astronomy and Image Analysis tool
GAINR GPS-aided Inertial Navigation Reference system
gal. gallon
GAL General Astrodynamics Library
GALAXY Giga-bit Astronomical Large Array with cross connect, Japan
GALEX NASA GALaxy Evolution EXplorer
GAMA Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey
GAMA GPS Array for Mid-America, USA
GAMER GPU-accelerated Adaptive-MEsh-Refinement code
GAMIT Gps At MIT
GAO Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo (Rus. Glavnaya (Pulkovskaya) Astronomicheskaya Observatoriya) of the Russian Academy of Sciences
GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office
GAO Main Astronomical Observatory (Ukr. Golovna Astronomichna Observatoriya) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
GAOUA Main Astronomical Observatory (Ukr. Golovna Astronomichna Observatoriya) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
GAPE Great Alaska and Pacific VLBI Experiment
GAPS GPS Analysis and Positioning Software (UNB)
G.A.R Great American Revolution (the War of Independence)
GARMA Generalized AutoRegressive Moving Average
GARNET GSI Advanced Radiotelescope Network, Japan
GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program
GARS German Antarctic Receiving Station O'Higgins, Antarctica
GARS German Antarctic Receiving Station
GAS GPS Analysis Software
GASP GPS Atmosphere Sounding Project, Germany
GASS Galactic All-Sky Survey
GAST Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GAVO German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
GAVRT Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope
GAW Global Atmosphere Watch
Gb Gigabit
GB Gigabyte
GB Good Bye
GB Governing Board
GB Green Bank
GB Great Britain
GB United Kingdom (ISO code)
GB6 Green Bank 6cm Radio Survey
GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation Systems
GbE gigabit Ethernet
GBI NRAO Green Bank Interferometer
GBM GLAST Burst Monitor
GBOG Ground-Based Observations for Gaia
GBP Great Britain Pound
Gbps Gigabits per second
GBps Gigabytes per second
GBR GigaBit data Recorder
GBS Galactic Bulge Survey
GBSS Geodetic Base Station Software
GBT NRAO Green Bank Telescope, WV, USA
GBVOC Galactic Bulge Valinhos Observatory Catalog
GC General Catalog
GC Globular Cluster
GCC Global Climate Coalition
GCDC NASA/GSFC Global Change Data Center
GCGO Gilmore Creek Geophysical Observatory, Fairbanks, AK, USA
GCM General Circulation Model
GCM Global Circulation Model
GCOM-C Global Change Observation Mission-Climate satellite
GCOS Global Climate Observing System
GCPS Galactic Center P-band Survey
GCRF Gaia Celestial Reference Frame
GCRS Geocentric Celestial Reference System
GCS Global Citation Score
GCS Ground Control System (Galileo)
GCV Green Card Visa Organization, USA
GCVS General Catalog of Variable Stars
GD Geodetic Datum
GD Grenada (ISO code)
GDA Geocentric Datum of Australia
GDA Guideline Daily Amount
GDAS Global Data Assimilation System
GDC Global Data Center
GDGPS Global Differential GPS
GDI Graphical Device Interface
GDI+ Graphics Device Interface
GDL GNU Data Language
gdn Geo Domain Network
GDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GDR Geophysical Data Record
GDR German Democratic Republic
GDRF Galactic Dynamical Reference Frame
GDSCC Goldstone Deep Space Communication Complex, Mojave Desert, CA, USA
GDSN Global Digital Seismograph Network
GD&T Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
GE General Electric Co., USA
GE Georgia (ISO code)
GEA Grup d'Estudis Astronomics
GÉANT Development of the Network Infrastructure for pan-European Research
GEDEX GEodetic Demonstration EXperiment (HALCA mission)
GELL Geodesy Experiments for Lunar Landers
Gem Gemini (constellation)
GEMD Geospatial and Earth Monitoring Division, Geoscience Australia
GEMS NASA Goddard Earth Modeling System
GEMSTONE GEodetic Measurements by the collocation of Space Techniques ON Earth
Gen. General
GENESIS Global Environmental & Earth Science Information System
GENI Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
GENJI Gamma-ray Emitting Notable AGN Monitoring by Japanese VLBI
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
GEO Group on Earth Observations
Geod. Geodesy
GeoDAF Geodetical Data Archive Facility, Matera, Italy
GeodIS Geodetic Information System, Germany
GEODSS Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep-Space Surveillance, USA
Geodyn. Geodynamics
GEOIDE GEOmatics for Informed DEcisions, Canada
GEONET GEOdynamic GPS NETworks, NZ
GEONET GPS Earth Observation NETwork, Japan
Geoph. Geophysical
Geophys. Geophysical
GEOS Geodetic and Earth Orbiting Satellite
GEOSS Gene Expression Open Source System
GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems
GEOSAT GEOdesy SATellite
Geosci. Geoscience(s)
Ger. German
GES NASA GSFC Earth Sciences
GESS JPL Global Earthquake Satellite System
GEST Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GSFC)
GETEMME Gravity Experiment with TimE Metrology on Mars satEllites
GeTT Geodetic Time Transfer
GeV giga-electron volt
GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
GEX Gigabit EXperiment (VLBI, Japan)
GF French Guiana (ISO code)
GF Goals For (sport)
GFE Government Furnished Equipment
GFO GEOSAT Follow-On program
GFP GFZ Predicted orbit
GFZ GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Germany
GG Gravity Gradient
GGAO Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GGF Global Geophysical Fluids
GGFC IERS Global Geophysical Fluids Center
GGK Get Genuine Kit
GGM Global Gravitational Model
GGM GRACE Gravity Model
GGN Global GPS network
GGOS Global Geodetic Observing System
GGP Global Geodynamics Project (Gravity)
GGRF Global Geodetic Reference Frame
GGSP Galileo Geodetic Service Provider
GGSS Geodetic and Geophysical Sites Subcommission
GGT Journal of Gökova Geometry/Topology
GGWA Get Genuine Windows Agreement
GH Ghana (ISO code)
GHA Greenwich Hour Angle
GHMA Greek Hellenic Mapping Agency
GHYRAF Gravity and HYdRology in AFrica
GHz gigahertz
GI Geological Institute, Russia
GI Geophysical Institute,University of Alaska, AK, USA
GI Gibraltar (ISO code)
GIA Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, AK, USA
GIA Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
GIAC GPS Interagency Advisory Council
GiB Gibibyte (2^30 bytes = 1024 mebibytes)
GIBN Global Interoperability of Broadband Networks
GIBS GPS Information and Observation System (Ger. GPS-Informations- und BeobachtungsSystem), Germany
GIC GPS Integrity Channel
GICO Giga-bit Correlator
GIF Graphic Image (Interchange) Format (CompuServe)
GIFS Global Interactive Forecasting System
GIFT Geophysical Information for Teachers
GIFT Gifu University Telescope, Japan
GIG GPS IERS and Geodynamics Experiment
GIGGOS Global Integrated Geodetic and Geodynamic Observing System
GIGO Garbage-In, Garbage-Out
GIGOLO Global Information on Gravity Over Land & Ocean
GILDAS Grenoble Image and Line Data Analysis Software
GIM Global Ionosphere Map (Model)
GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program
GIMPS Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search
GINS Géodésie par Intégrations Numériques Simultanées
GIOVE Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element
GIPSY GPS-Inferred Positioning SYstem
GIQC Gaia Initial Quasar Catalog
GIS Geographic Information System (GeoInformation System)
GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
GIUA Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
GIUB Geodetic Institute of the University of Bonn, Germany (now IGGB)
GJRO German-Japanese Earth Rotation Observations VLBI campaign
GJU Galileo Joint Undertaking
GK GoalKeeper (sport)
GL Geosciences Laboratory
GL Greenland (ISO code)
GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
GLAST Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope, has been renamed Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope
GLDAS NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System
GLESP Gauss--Legendre Sky Pixelization
GLI Global Imager
GLIMPSE Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire, Spitzer Space Telescope, JPL-CALTECH
GLOBE Global Land One-km Base Elevation Project
GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics
GLOF Glacier Lake Outburst Flood
GLONASS GLObal NAvigation Satellite System, Russia
GLORIA GLObal Radio Interferometry Analysis
GLOSS Global Sea Level Observing System
GLOSS Global Level Of the Sea Surface
GLOUP GLObal Undersea Pressure
GLRS Geodynamics Laser Ranging System
GLRS Geophysical Laser Ranging System
GLS GNSS Landing System
GLTN Goddard Laser Tracking Network, USA
GLU Générateur de Liens Uniformes
GLUT OpenGL Utility Toolkit
Gly gigalight-year
GM Gambia (ISO code)
GM General Motors
GM Grand Master (chess)
GM Gravity Model
GMA Geodetic Model of Australia
GMC General Motors Corporation
GMDN Global Muon Detector Network
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress & Safety System
GMEM Generalized Maximum Entropy Method
GMF Galactic Magnetic Field
GMF GeoMagnetic Field
GMF Global Mapping Function
GMM Geometric Mean Method
GMO Genetically Modified Organism
GMOS Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (UKATC/ROE)
GMRT Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope, India
GMST Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time
GMT Generic Mapping Tools
GMT Giant Magellan Telescope
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GMVA Global Millimeter VLBI Array (Global mm-VLBI Array)
GN Guinea (ISO code)
GNAAC IGS Global Network Associate Analysis Center
GN&C Guidance, Navigation and Control
GN IGS Global Net International Geodinamic Service
GNO NASA/JPL GPS Networks and Operations Group
GNOG NASA/JPL GPS Networks and Operations Group
GNOS NASA/JPL GPS Network Operating System
GNRT NASA/JPL Generalized Near-Real Time
GNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System(s)
GNU GNU's Not Unix
GNZ Galaxies North field Z
GOCE Global Ocean Circulation Explorer (Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer)
GO General Observer programs (SIRTF)
GODAE Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment
GODC NOAA Geosciences Laboratory Operational Data Center
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GOF Goodness Of Fit
GO-ITS Government of Ontario Information & Technology Standards
GoMA Gulf of Maine Area program
GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars
GONG Global Oscillation Network Group, Tuscon, AZ, USA
GOODS Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
GOOS Global Ocean Observing System
GOP Grand Old Party (US Republican Party)
GOPE Geodetic Observatory, Pecny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic
GORF Goddard Optical Research Facility, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GOSAT Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (JAXA)
GOT General Observing Time (VSOP)
GOT Goddard Ocean Tide model
GOTEX Global Orbit Tracking Experiment
GP Galactic Plane
GP Games Played
GP Grand Prix
GP Guadeloupe (ISO code)
GPA Grade Point Average
GPA Green Point Average
GP-B Gravity Probe B satellite
gpf gallon per flush
GPF General Protection Fault
GPIB General-Purpose Interface Bus
GPL GNU General Public License
GPM Global Precipitation Measurement
GPR Ground Penetrating Radar
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPS Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum radio source
GPS Global Positioning System
GPSDR GPS Demonstration Receiver
GPSIC GPS Industry Council
GPSMET GPS METeorology mission
GPST GPS Time
GPT Global Preesure and Temperature model
GPT GUID Partition Table
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GQ Equatorial Guinea (ISO code)
GR General Relativity
gr gram
GR Greece (ISO code)
GRA Geophysical Research Abstracts
GRACE Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment
GRAIL Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory
GRAPE GPS Range And Phase Data Processing for the Earth Sciences (software, IAA)
GRAPES GPS Regional Array for Precise Surveying/Physical Earth Science
GRAS George R. Agassiz VLBI Station, Ft. Davis, TX, USA (the same as HRAS)
GRASP Gamma-Ray Astronomy with Spectroscopy and Positioning (ESA)
GRASP Geodetic Reference Antenna in Space (JPL)
GRB Gamma-Ray Burst
GRBR Gamma-Ray Burst Remnant
GRC NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA
GREAT Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training
GREAT German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies (SOFIA)
GREF German Geodetic Reference Network
GRELAS Dionysos Laser Station, Greece
GREM Gaia RElativistic Model
GRDL NOAA Geosciences Research and Development Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA
GRGS Groupe de Recherches de Géodésie Spatiale, France
GRIB2 WMO Gridded Binary Edition 2 data format
GRID Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector
GRIL GPS Receiver Interface Language
GRIM GPS Receiver Interface Module
GriPhyN Grid Physics Network
GRIPS Gamma-Ray Imaging, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy
GRL Geophysical Research Letters (journal)
GRMS Global Red Meat Standard
GROB HP-48sx Graphic Object
GROSS Geodynamics, Rotation of the Earth, Orbit determination Study Software
GRS Geocentric Reference System
GRS Geodetic Reference System
GRSS Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
GRT General Relativity Theory
GRT Ground Radio Telescope
Gru Grus (constellation)
GS General Secretary
GS Geochemical Society
GS General Schedule (U.S. Federal Wage System)
GS South Georgia and the South Sandwich Island (ISO code)
GSA European GNSS Agency (formerly European GNSS Supervisory Authority)
GSA Geological Society of America
GSAC GPS Seamless Archive Center
GSC Geological Survey of Canada
GSC Guide Star Catalog
GSD NRCan Geodetic Survey Division
GSET Global Scale of English Test
GSF Gross Square Feet
GSFC NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GSI Geographical Survey Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
GSI GeoSpatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan
GSJ Geological Survey of Japan
GSL Global Sea Level
GSL GNU Scientific Library
GSM Global System for Mobile communications (initially Group System Mobile)
GSM Google Scholar Metrics
GSN GCOS Surface Network
GSN Global Seismographic Network
GSO GeoStationary Orbit
GSOC German Space Operations Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
GSS Geodetic Survey Squadron
GSSF Galileo System Simulation Facility
GST Gaia Science Team
GST Galileo System Time
GST Greenwich Sidereal Time
GST Goods and Services Tax
GSTB Galileo System Test Bed
GSTS Global Space telescope Schedule
GT Gabor Transform
Gt gigaton
GT Guatemala (ISO code)
GTC Gran Telescopio Canarias
GTE General Telephone and Electric, USA
GTO Geostationary Transfer Orbit
GTO Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit
GTO Guaranteed Time Observations
GTOS Global Terrestrial Observing System
GTRF Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame
GTRI Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
GTS Geologic Time Scale
GTSN Global Telemetered Seismograph Network
GU Guam (ISO code)
GUAN GCOS Upper-Air Network
GUI Graphical User Interface
GUID Globally Unique IDentifier
GUM Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements
GUT Grand Unified Theory
GUTS Global and high accUracy Trajectory determination System (NASDA)
GVH Geo-VLBI Handler
GVRF Global Vertical Reference Frame
GVRS Global Vertical Reference System
GVWG Global VLBI Working Group (URSI Commission J)
GVWGTWG GVWG Technical Working Group
GW George Washington
GW Gravitational Waves
GW Guinea-Bissau (ISO code)
GWE Gravitational Wave Experiment (Cassini mission)
GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network
GWS Great White Spot
Gy gray
GY Guyana (ISO code)
Gyr gigayears
GZ GEOZUP Company, Moscow, Russia
GZK Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit
H Height
H henry
h hour
HA Hour Angle
HAARP High frequency Active Auroral Research Program
HAe Herbig Ae stars
HAeBe Herbig Ae/Be stars
HALCA Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy satellite, Japan
HAM Hydrological Angular Momentum
HAMK Hispano-Argentinean Meridian Catalogue
HAMT Human Aided Machine Translation
HAND Nave A Nice Day
HA-NDGPS High Accuracy - Nationwide Differential GPS, USA
HAO NCAR High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO, USA
HARN High Accuracy Reference Network
HARPS High Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Search (ESO)
HartRAO Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, South Africa
HAST U.S. Hawaiian Standard Time (UTC - 10h)
HAVAGO Horizontal and Vertical Adjustment of Geodetic Observations
HB Hewitt - Burbidge
HBe Herbig Be stars
HBO "Home Box Office"
HBR High Bit Rate
h.c. by reason of honor (Lat. honoris causa)
HC Hard Copy
HC High Cube container
HC House of Commons
HCDN USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network
HCG Hickson Compact Group
HCI Human-Computer Interaction
HCL Windows Hardware Compatibility List
HCRF HIPPARCOS Celestial Reference Frame
HD Hard Disk
HD Henry Draper catalog
HD High Definition
HD High Density
HDAM Hierarchical Direct Access Method
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDF Hierarchical Data Format
HDF Hubble Deep Field
HDF-S Hubble Deep Field - South
HDJ Hydrographic Department, Japan
HDL Hardware Description Language
HDLC High-level Data Link Control
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision
HDR High-data-rate
HDS High Dispersion Spectrograph (Subaru telescope)
HDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
HDT U.S. Hawaiian Daylight Time (UTC - 9h)
HDT High Density Tape
HDTV High-Definition TeleVision
HDW Hofner - Delgado - Whitney
HDXM Hydrological Discharge eXtended Model
HE His/Her Eminence
HE His/Her Excellency
HEALPix Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelisation of the sphere
HEASARC GSFC High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center
HEFC Higher Education Funding Council
HEI Higher Education Institute
HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
HENP High-Energy Nuclear Physics
HEO High-Earth Orbit
HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit
HEP High Energy Physics
HEPnet High Energy Physics Network
Her Hercules (constellation)
HES Herbig Emission (Emission-line) stars
HESS High Energy Stereoscopic System
HESS Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS-D Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions (journal)
HESSI NASA High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager spacecraft (now RHESSI)
HET Hobby Eberly Telescope, McDonald Observatory, TX, USA
HETDEX Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment
HETE NASA High Energy Transient Experiment
HETE NASA High Energy Transient Explorer
HF High Frequency
HFET Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor
HFP High Frequency Peaker
HFS Hierarchical File System
HFS HTTP File Server
HFS HyperFine Structure
hgt. height
HGW Hayward - Grasdalen - Woodward
HHT Heinrich Hertz Telescope, AZ, USA
HHT Hilbert-Huang Transform
HI Hawaii
HI Heat Index
HIA Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Canada
HiCIAO High Contrast Instrument for the Subaru next generation Adaptive Optics
HIDAM Hierarchical Indexed Direct Access Method
HIPASS HI Parkes All-Sky Survey
HiPEP High Power Electric Propulsion engine
HIPPARCOS HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite
HIRAN High Rate Navigation
HiRISE High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter)
HIRLAM High Resolution Limited Area Modelling
HISAM Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HK Hong kong (ISO code)
HKMetS Hong Kong Meteorological Society
HKT Hong Kong Time (UTC + 8h)
HL House of Lords
HLS High Luminosity Stars
HM Heard and MC Donald Islands (ISO code)
HM His/Her Majesty
HMC Hydrogen Maser Clock
HMNAO Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office, UK
HMF Haystack Mapping Function
HMI Human-Machine Interface
HMQ Half Million Quasars catalog
HN Honduras (ISO code)
HO MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, USA
HOGC Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGiK), Warsaw, Poland
HOLLAS Haleakala Laser Station, Maui, HI, USA
HOPLAS Mount Hopkins Laser Station, Mt. Hopkins, AZ, USA
HOPS Haystack Observatory Postprocessing System
Hor Horologium (constellation)
HOU Hands-On Universe
HOW Hand Over World
HP Helicobacter Pylori
HP Hewlett Packard
HP Home Page
hp horsepower
hPa hectopascal
HPBW Half-Power BeamWidth
H/PC Handheld PC
HPC High Performance Computing
HPF High Pass Filter
HPNA Home Phone Network Adapter
HQ Headquarters
HR Revised Harvard Photometry, the same as RHP
HR Croatia (local name: Hrvatska) (ISO code)
hr hour
HR House of Representatives
HR Human Resources
HRAO Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, South Africa
HRAS Harvard Radio Astronomy Station, Ft. Davis, TX, USA (the same as GRAS)
HRCC Human Resources Canada Center
HREE Heavy Rare Earth Elements
HREF Hypertext Reference
HRF Hitachi Raster Format
hrs hours
HRT Healey - Romani - Taylor
HS High School
HSA Hilbert Spectral Analysis
HSA NRAO High Sensitivity Array
HSAM Hierarchical Sequential Access Method
HSCSD High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
HSF Human SpaceFlight
HSI Handmade Software, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
HSPD Homeland Security Presidental Directive, USA
HST U.S. Hawaiian Standard Time (UTC - 10h)
HST Hubble Space Telescope
HSTCP High-Speed TCP
HSTDN Hawaii Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network
HT Haiti (ISO code)
HT HalfTime (sport)
HT Hilbert Transform
HTC HTC Corporation, formerly High Tech Computer Corporation
HTC Hydrographic and Topographic Center
HTDP Horizontal Time Dependent Positioning
HTH Hope This Helps
HTM Hierarchical Triangular Mesh
HTML HyperText Markup Language
HTRP High Time Resolution Processor (NRAO, VLA)
HTS High-Temperature Superconductor
HTSI Honeywell Technology Solutions, Inc., USA
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HU Hungary (ISO code)
HUDF Hubble Ultra Deep Field
HUT Helsinki University of Technology
HUT Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope
HVS Hyper-Velocity Star
H/W Hardware
HW Hartmann and Wenzel tidal potential catalogue
HWHM Half Width at Half Maximum
HWT Harmonic Wavelet Transform
Hwy Highway
Hya Hydra (constellation)
Hyi Hydrus (constellation)
Hz hertz
I Infrared
I Island
i.a. in absentia
IA Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
IA Iowa
IAA Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgique
IAA Institute of Applied Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia
IAA Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucí, Granada, Spain
IAA International Academy of Astronautics
IAAC IGS Ionosphere Associate Analysis Center
IAAF International Amateur Athletic Federation
IAC Information-Analytical Center, Korolyov, Russia (former MCC)
IAC Instituto de Astrofisika de Canarias, Spain
IAC International Astronautical Congress
IACC International Advanced Correlator Consortium
IACC IGS Ionosphere Associate Combination Center
IACT Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope
IACG Inter Agency Committee on Geomatics, Canada
IADA Intelligent Assistant for Data Analysis in VLBI
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IAF International Astronautical Federation
IAG International Association of Geodesy
IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
IAGBN International Absolute Gravity Base-station Network
IAGC International Association of Geophysical Contractors
IAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences
IAI Independent Administrative Institute, Japan
IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation
IALA International Association of [Marine Aids to Navigation and] Lighthouse Authorities
IAMAS International Association of Meteorological and Atmospheric Sciences
IAMG International Association for Mathematical Geology
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IAO International Astronomy Olympiad
IAP Institut Astrophysique de Paris
IAPCO International Association of Professional Congress Organizers
IAPG Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie, TUM, Munich, Germany
IAPS International Association of Planetary Sciences
IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean
IARAS Institute of Astronomy, Moscow, Russia
IARC International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, AK, USA
IARU International Amateur Radio Union
IAS Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Paris, France
IAS Institute of Aerospace Science, USA
IAS International Altimetry Service
IASF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, INAF, Milan, Italy
IASOM Institute for Advanced Searches in Orbital Mechanics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior
IAT International Atomic Time (Fr. Temps Atomique International), the same as TAI
IATA International Air Transport Association
IAU International Association of Universities
IAU International Astronomical Union
IAVC IGS Ionosphere Associate Validation Center
IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior
IB Information Bulletin
IB Inverted Barometer (geophysics)
IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer or IBEX
ibid. in the same book, journal, etc. (Lat. ibidem)
IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia de Estatistica, Brazil
IBM International Business Machines Corp., USA
IBO Inverted Barometric Ocean
iBOB Interconnect Break-Out Board
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IBS International Bibliographic Service
IBS IAG Bibliographic Service
IBTA International Basement Tectonics Association
IBVS Information Bulletin on Variable Stars
IC Index Copernicus
IC Inner Core
ICA Independent Component Analysis
ICA International Cartographic Association
ICAG International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters campaign
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICARE Interactions Clouds Aerosols Radiations Etc
ICB Inner Core Boundary
ICBM InterContinental Ballistic Missile
ICC Institut Cartografic de Catalunya, Barselona, Spain
ICC InterCommission Committee
ICC International Criminal Court
ICCD Intensified Charged Coupled Device
ICCG Interagency Coordinating Committee for Geodynamics
ICCG Interagency Coordinating Committee on Groundwater
ICCG International Conference on Computer Graphics
ICCT InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG)
ICDP International Continental Scientific Drilling Program
ICE Image Correction and Enhancement
ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
ICESat Ice, Cloud, & land Elevation Satellite
ICET International Center for Earth Tides, ROB, Brussels, Belgium
ICF Integrity Control Facility (Galileo)
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICG International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems
ICG Inter-Union Commission of Geodynamics
ICGEM International Center for Global Earth Models, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
ICH I/O Controller Hub
ICHA Inter-Union Commission for History of Astronomy
ICIAM International Council of Industrial and Applied Mathematics
ICL International Computers Ltd., UK
ICL IntraCluster Light
ICM International Congress of Mathematicians
ICM Intra-Cluster Medium
ICME Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICO Intermediate Circular Orbit
ICoMM International Census of Marine Microbes
ICOS IC Optical Systems
ICQ I seek you
ICR Invoice Cum Receipt
ICRAR International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Australia
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRF International (IERS) Celestial Reference Frame
ICRF Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency
ICRF Israel Cancer Research Fund
ICRS International (IERS) Celestial Reference System
ICS International Commission on Stratigraphy
ICST International Conference of Space Technology
ICSTI International Council for Scientific and Technical Information
ICSU International Council for Science (formerly the International Council of Scientific Unions)
ICT Information & Communication Technologies
ICTP International Center for Theoretical Physics
ICTYC International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
ICV Index Copernicus Value
ICW Inner Core Wobble
ICYW In Case You're Wondering
ID Idaho
id. idem
ID Identification
ID Indonesia (ISO code)
IDA International Dark-sky Association
IDA IRIS/SIO International Deployment of Accelerometers
IDEOS Infrared Database of Extragalactic Observables from Spitzer
IDDN Integrity Data Dissemination Network (Galileo)
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics (the same as ATA)
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IDEAL International Digital Electronic Access Library
IDEAL Investigation of the Dynamics of the Euro-Asian Litosphere
IDEMS Integration & Development of Environmental Management, Italy
IDEMS International DEM Service, Montfort University, UK
IDEOS Infrared Database of Extragalactic Observables from Spitzer
IDEX Leica Independent Data Exchange Format
IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transformation
IDIQ Indefinite Delivery / Indefinite Quantity
IDL Interactive Data Language
IDM PNT Interference detection and Mitigation plan, USA
IDP Interplanetary Dust Particle
IDS Index Catalogue of Visual Double Stars
IDS International DORIS Service
IDSF International Dance Sport Federation
IDU In-Door-Unit
IDV IntraDay Variability
IE Ireland (ISO code)
IE Microsoft Internet Explorer
i.e. that is (Lat. id est)
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEC Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
IEE Institute of Electrical Engineers
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IELTS International English Language Testing System
IEN Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris, Torino, Italy
IEPT International Institute for Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics
IERS International Earth Rotation Service (till 2003)
IERS International Earth rotation and Reference systems Service (since 2003)
IESAS Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group
IESSG Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, University of Nottingham, UK
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IF Impact Factor
IF Intermediate Frequency
IfA Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, HI, USA
IfAG Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie, Frankfurt, Germany (now BKG)
IFB Interruptible FeedBack (FoldBack)
IFB Invitation For Bid
IFC Intel Fortran Compiler
IFC Intensive Field Campaign
IfE Institut für Erdmessung, Hannover, Germany
IfEN Institut für Erdmessung und Navigation, Munich, Germany
IFF Interchange File Format (Amiga)
IFFHS International Federation of Football History & Statistics
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation
IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
IFL Intra-Facility Link
IFMP NASA Integrated Financial Management Program
IFN French Institute of Navigation (Fr. Institut Francais de Navigation)
IFOV Instantaneous Field-of-View
IFRB International Frequency Registration Board, ITU
IFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche et d'Exploitation de la MER
IFRTP Institut Francais pour la Recherche et la Technologie Polaire
IFS Installable File System Manager
IFU Integral Field Unit
IG Institut de Geomatica, Castelldefels, Spain
IG Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam National Center for Natural Science and Technology
IGARSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Program
IGBS International Bibliographic Service for Geodesy
IGC International Gravity Commission
IGEB Interagency GPS Executive Board
IGeS International Geoid Services, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
IGEX International GLONASS EXperiment
IGFS International Gravity Field Service
IGFN Italian GPS Fiducial Network
IGG Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, VUT, Vienna, Austria
IGGA Institute of Geodesy and Geodetical Astronomy, WUT, Poland
IGGB Institute for Geodesy and Geoinformation of the University of Bonn, Germany (formerly GIUB)
IGGC International Gravity and Geoid Commission
IGGOS Integrated Global Geodetic Observing System
IGiK Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Poland
IGLOS International GLONASS Service
IGM Instituto Geografico Militar, Chile
IGM Instituto Geografico Militare, Italy
IGM Intergalactic Medium
IGMASS International Global Monitoring AeroSpace System
IGN National Geographical Institute (Fr. Institut Geographique National), Paris, France
IGN National Geographical Institute (Sp. Instituto Geografico Nacional), Spain
IGNE National Geographical Institute of Spain (Sp. Instituto Geográfico Nacional de España), Spain
IGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, NZ
IGOS Integrated Global Observing Strategy
IGOS-P Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership
IGP IGS predicted (orbit, ERP)
IGPP Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, La Jolla, CA, USA
IGR IGS rapid (orbit, ERP)
IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference Frame
IGS International GPS Service for Geodynamics (before January 1999)
IGS International GPS Service (since January 1999, before March 2005)
IGS International GNSS Service (since March 2005)
IGSCB IGS Central Bureau
IGSO International Geodetic Students Organization
IGU International Geographical Union
IGY International Geophysical Year
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
IHT International Herald Tribune
IHU I Hear U
IHY International Heliophysical Year
i.i.d. independent and identically distributed
IID Interface Identifier
IIEPTMG International Institute for Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics
IIIS International Institute of Informatics and Systemics
IIN Italian Institute of Navigation (It. Instituto Italiano di Navigazione)
IIR Infinite Impulse Response
IIRC If I Recall (Remember, Recollect) Correctly
IIS Internet Information Service
IISC Indian Institute of Science, Center for Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore, India
IISC CGSIC International Information Sub-Committee
IISGEO International Institute for Space Geodesy and Earth Observation
IISL International Institute of Space Law
IIT Image-Intensifier Tube
IJGA International Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
IL Illinois
IL Intermediate Language
IL Israel (ISO code)
ILA International Loran Association
ILBM InterLeaved BitMap
ILC International Linear Collider
Ill. Illinois
ILMT International Liquid Mirror Telescope
ILOM International Latitude Observatory Mizusawa, Japan (now NAOMZ)
ILOM In-situ Lunar Orientation Measurement (SELENE2)
ILP International Lithosphere Program
ILRS International Laser Ranging Service
ILS Instrument Landing System
ILS International Latitude Service
ILWS International Living With a Star
IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration satellite
IMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment
IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions
IMCCE Institut de Mecanique Celeste et de Calcul des Ephemerides, OPA, France
IMDb Internet Movie Database
IME In My Experience
IME Input Method Editor
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMF Initial Mass Function
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMF Interplanetary Magnetic Field
IMF Intrinsic Mode Functions
IMF Isobaric Mapping Function
IMFh Isobaric Mapping Function, hydrostatic component
IMFw Isobaric Mapping Function, wet component
IMHO In My Humble Opinion
IMHO Internet Media HOuse Russia
IMO In My Opinion
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMO International Mathematical Olympiad
IMPRS International Max Planck Research School
IMRAD Introduction, Methods, Results, And Discussion
IMS Information Management System
IMS Institute of Mathematical Statistics
IMS Integrity Monitoring Station (Galileo)
IMSL International Mathematical and Statistical Libraries, Inc., Huston, USA
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
IMU International Mathematical Union
IMVP Institute of Metrology for Time and Space, Moscow, Russia
in inch
IN India (ISO code)
IN Indiana
INAF National Institute of Astrophysics (It. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica), Milan, Italy
INASAN Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
INASP International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications
Inc. Incorporated
INKSNA Iran, North Korea and Syria Nonproliferation Act
Ind. Indiana
Ind Indus (constellation)
IND JPL Interplanetary Network Directorate
INDIGO INter-service Data Integration for Geodetic Operations
INDIS Information Dissemination in European RTD
INE Spain Institute of Navigation (Sp. Instituto de Navegation de Espana)
INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Informatica, Mexico
Inf. Information
INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics (It. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Roma, Italy
Ing. Engineer (Germ. Ingenieur)
InGaAs Indium-Gallium-Arsenide
INGEOMINAS National Institute in Geosciences, Mining and Chemistry, Colombia
INGM National Institute in Geosciences, Mining and Chemistry, Colombia
INGV National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology (It. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), Roma, Italy
INI Isaac Newton Institute
INMARSAT INternational MARitime SATellite organization
I-NMF Integrity Network Management Facility (Galileo)
INN InterNetNews package
INPE National Institute of Space Research (Pg. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
INPOP Planetary Numerical Integration of Paris Observatory (Fr. Intégrateur Numérique Planétaire de l'Observatoire de Paris)
INQUA International Union for Quaternary Research, University of London, UK
INRiM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino, Italy
IRNSS Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
INS U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (now part of DHS)
INS Inertial Navigation System
Ins. Inspector
INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, Toulouse, France
INSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Insp. Inspector
INSPIRE INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe
Inst. Institute
INSTICC Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication, Portugal
INSU Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Paris, France
Int. International
INT Isaac Newton Telescope
INTA National Institute for Aerospace Technology (Sp. Instituto Nacional de Technica Aeroespacial), Spain
INTAS International Association for the Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists from the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union
INTEGRAL INTErnational Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory
INTELSAT INternational TELecommunication SATellite
INTERMAGNET INTErnational Real-time MAGnetic observatory NETwork
Intern. International
Intl. International
INTOR INternational TOkamak Reactor
IO British Indian Ocean Territory (ISO code)
I/O Input/Output
IOC Initial Operational Capability
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)
IOC International Olympic Committee
IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
IOM Institute of Medicine, USA
ION Institute of Navigation, USA
ION-CH Swiss Institute of Navigation
IONEX IONospheric map EXchange format
IONMON ESOC Ionosphere Monitoring Facility software
IoP Institute of Physics
IOPS Input-Outputs Per Second
IOR Indian Ocean Region INMARSAT satellite
IORA Indian Ocean Rim Association
IOR-ARC Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Co-operation
IOS I/O Supervisor
IoT Internet of Things
IOTA Infrared Optical Telescope Array
IOTA International Occultation Timing Association
IOV In-Orbit Validation (Galileo)
IP Intellectual Property
IP Internet Protocol
IP Internet Provider
IPA International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA International Police Academy
IPAC NASA Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
IPACES International Professionals for Advancement of Chinese Earth Sciences
IPAD Internet Personal Access Device
IPC International Paralympic Committee
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCS Image Proton Counting System
IPDA International Planetary Data Alliance
IPF Integrity Processing Facility (Galileo)
IPGP Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
IPHAS INT Photometric H-Alpha Survey
IPIE Institute for Precision Instrument Engineering, Moscow, Russia
IPMS International Polar Motion Service
IPN InterPlanetary Network
I-PNNI Integrated Private Network-to-Network Interface
IPO Initial Public Offering
IPO Integrated Program Office
IPO Intellectual Property Owner
IPP Innovative Partnership Program, NASA
IPPO Innovative Partnership Program Office, NASA
IPR Instantaneous Pole of Rotation
IPRG Institute for Petroleum Research and Geophysics, Israel
IPS In-Plane Switching
IPS InterPlanetary Superhighway
IPS InterPlanetary Scintillation
IPv4/6 Internet Protocol version 4/6
IPWV Integrated Precipitable Water Vapor
IPY International Polar Year
I/Q Inphase and Quadrature
IQ Intelligence quotient
IQ Iraq (ISO code)
i.q. the same as (Lat. idem quod)
IR Infra-Red
IR Islamic Republic of Iran (ISO code)
IRA Institute of Radio Astronomy (It. Istituto di Radioastronomia), Bologna, Italy
IRA Irish Republican Army
IRAC Infrared Array Camera (SIRTF)
IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
IRAIT International Robotic Antarctic Infrared Telescope
IRAM Instituto de RadioAstronomia Milimetrica, Spain
IRAO International Radioastronomical Observatory "Suffa", Uzbekistan
IRAS IPAC Infrared Astronomical Satellite
IRC International Research Council (later ICSU, ICS)
IRC Internet Relay Chat
IRCS Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (Subaru telescope)
IRE Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, India
IRFC IGS Reference Frame Coordinator
IRI International Reference Ionosphere
IRI International Resource Identifier
IRIS Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, USA
IRIS International Radio Interferometric Surveying
IRIS-A International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Atlantic
IRIS-P International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Pacific
IRIS-S International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Southern hemisphere
IRM IERS Reference Meridian
IRP IERS Reference Pole
IRQ Interrupt Request
IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IRS Inertial Reference System
IRS InfraRed Spectrograph (SIRTF)
IRS U.S. Internal Revenue Service
IRS International Reference Stars
IRSA IPAC Infrared Science Archives
IRSR AUT Institute for Radiophysics and Space Research, Auckland, NZ
IRTF Infrared Telescope Facility, IfA, HI, USA
IRTS Infrared Telescope in Space
IRV Inter-Range Vector (SLR)
IS Iceland (ISO code)
IS Interface Specification
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISA Instruction Set Architecture
ISAAC Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera, VLT, Paranal Observatory, Chile
ISAM Indexed Sequential Access Method
ISAPI Internet Server API
ISAR Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar
ISAS Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan (now JAXA)
ISBN International Standard Book Number
ISC Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
ISCCP International Cloud Satellite Climatology Project
ISCEA Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network (Integrated Synchronous Digital Network)
ISEE International Sun-Earth Explorer
ISES International Space Environment Service
ISGI International Service of Geomagnetic Indices
ISGN International Space Geodetic and Gravimetric Network
ISGN International Space Geodetic Network
ISI Institute for Scientific Information
ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification
ISIC International Student Identity Card
ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
ISIR International Space Industry Report
ISIS Integrated System for Imagers and Spectrometers (NASA PDS software)
ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
ISIT Institute of Systems & Information Technologies, Japan
ISIT Intensified SIT
ISL Initial System Loader
ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
ISM InterStellar Medium
ISMB Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology
ISN International relations and Security Network
ISO IPAC Infrared Space Observatory
ISO International Standards Organization
ISON International Scientific Optical Network
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISR Institute for Space Research, Austria
ISRA Image Space Reconstruction Algorithm
ISRO Indian Space Research Organization, Bangalore, India
ISRO Institute for Space Research Observatory, Graz, Austria
ISS International Space Station
ISS InterStellar Scintillation
ISSI International Space Sience Institute, Bern, Switzerland
ISSN International Standard Serial Number
ISSO Interplanetary Solar Stereoscopic Observatory project
ISTC International Science and Technology Center, Moscow, Russia
ISTP Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings
ISTP International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program
ISTRAC ISRO Telemetry tracking and Command Network
ISTS Institute of Space and Terrestrial Sciences, Canada
ISU International Skating Union
ISU International System of Units
ISW Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect
ISWI International Space Weather Initiative
ISWMCP International Space Weather Meridian Circle Project
ISYA International School for Young Astronomers
IT Income Tax
IT Information Technology
It. Italian
IT Italy (ISO code)
ITA Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Heidelberg, Germany, part of ZAH
ITA Institute of Theoretical Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia
ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations, USA
ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
ITERA IDL Tool for Emission-line Ratio Analysis
ITIC International Teacher Identity Card
ITIL IT Infrastructure Library
ITIN Individual Taxpayer Identification Number
ITIS Institute of Information and Technology for Space (It. Istituto di Tecnologia Informatica Spaziale), Matera, Italy
ITM International Mobile Telecommunication
ITO International Trade Organization
ITR Information Technology Research
ITRF International (IERS) Terrestrial Reference Frame
ITRS International (IERS) Terrestrial Reference System
ITS Incompatible Timesharing System
ITS Intelligent Transportation System program, USA
ITSA Intelligent Transportation System of America, USA
ITSM IT Service Management
ITSS Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services, USA
ITT Invitation-to-Tender
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Bureau
IUCAA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, India
IUCAF Scientific Committee on Frequency Allocations for Radio Astronomy and Space Science (formerly ICSU Inter-Union Commission on the Allocation of Frequencies)
IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer
IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences
IUHPS International Union for History and Philosophy of Science
IULS Integrity Uplink Station (Galileo)
IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
IUSM International Union for Surveys and Mapping
IVA Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (Sw. IngenjorsVetenskapsAkademien)
IVN International VLBI Network
IVOA International Virtual Observatory Alliance
IVP InVariant point
IVR Interactive Voice Response
IVS International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry
IVS International Voluntary Service
IV&V Independent Verification and Validation
IVTAN Institute for High Temperature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Rus. Institut Vysokikh Temperatur Akademii Nauk)
IWV Integrated (amount of) Water Vapor
IXE IP to X.25 Encapsulation
IXO International X-ray Observatory
IYA International Year of Astronomy
IYIC International Youth Identity Card
J. Japanese
J Java (programming)
J Julian epoch
J joule
J. Journal
J. Jupiter
J2ME Java-2 Micro Edition
JAA Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
JAAVSO Journal of the AAVSO
JAC Joint Astronomy Center, Hawaii
JACARA Joint Australian Center for Astrophysical Research in Antartica
JACH Joint Astronomy Center Hilo, HI, USA
JADE Japanese Dynamic Earth observation by VLBI
JAL Japan AirLines
JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Jan January
JAnet Joint Academic Network, UK
JARE Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
JAROS Japan Resources Observation System Organization
JAS Japan Air System
JASMINE Japan Astrometry Satellite Mission for INfrared Exploration
JATP Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics
JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (former ISAS+NAL+NASDA)
JBAA Journal of British Astronomical Association
JBB Jackson - Battye - Browne
JBO Jodrell Bank Observatory, UK
JCSDA Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Camp Springs, MD, USA
JCAP Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
JCET NASA/GSFC Joint Center for Earth System Technology
JCGS Journal of Computational Graphics and Statistics
JCL Job Control Language
JCMT James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
JCR BIPM/IAU Join Committee on Relativity
JCR Journal Citation Reports
JCR Journal of Coastal Research
JD Joint Discussion
JD Julian Day (Date)
JDK Java Development Kits
JEA Environmental Agency of Japan
JEF the same as JEM-EF
JEG Jananeese Experiments for Geodesy
JEM Japanese Experiment Module (JAXA, ISS)
JEM-EF Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JAXA, ISS)
JENAM Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting
JENAO Joint European and Natioanl Astronomy Olympiad
JEO Joint Executive Officer
JEO Jupiter Europa Orbiter
JERS Japanese Earth Resources Satellite
JETPh Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
JFAA Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications
JFI Just For Information
JFIF JPEG File Interchange Format
JGD Japan Geodetic Datum
JGM Joint Gravity Model
JGN Japan Gigabit Network
JGO Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter
JGPS Journal of Global Positioning Systems
JGR Journal of Geophysical Research
JHD Japan Hydrographic Department
JHU Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
JIC Just In Case
JIF Joint Infrastructure Fund, UK
JIF Journal Impact Factor
JIGR Journal of Indian Geophysical Research
JILA Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, USA
JIMO Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission, NASA
JIN Japan Institute of Navigation
JINR Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
JIPE Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia
JISC Joint Information Systems Committee, UK
JISTEC Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center
JIT Just-In-Time
JIVE Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, the Netherlands
JKAS Journal of Korean Astronomical Society
JKT Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
JM Jamaica (ISO code)
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency
J-MAPS Joint Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey
JMMC Jean-Marie Mariotti Center
JMU Liverpool John Moores University, UK
JNC Joint Navidation Conference
JNET Japanese Domestic Astronomical VLBI Network
JNI Java Native Interface
Jnr. Junior
JNS Javad Navigation Systems
Jnt. Joint
JHU APL John Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
JHU APL JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, USA
JOS Japanese Oceanographic Society
JO Jordan (ISO code)
JOTA Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications
Jour. Journal
JP Japan (ISO code)
JP2 JPEG2000
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group's graphics file format
JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group's graphics file format
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
JPL/SSD JPL Solar System Dynamics group
JPO GPS Joint Program Office
JPP NASA/JPL predicted orbit
JPS Javad Positioning Systems
Jr. Junior
JRAS Journal of Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
JRTF NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
JSC NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
JSC Joint Scientific Committee
JSC Joint Stock Company
JSCC Joint SuperComputer Center, Moscow, Russia
JSP Joint Seismic Program, USA
JSPS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JST Japan Standard Time (UTC + 9h)
JSTOR Journal Storage
jt. joint
JTK Java Tool Kit
JTRA Jodrell Bank Training Site for Radio Astronomy
JUICE JUpiter ICy moon Explorer
Jul July
Jun June
JUnet Japanese University Network
JVAS Jodrell Bank-VLA Astrometric Survey
JVO Japanese Virtual Observatory
JWST James Webb Space Telescope
Jy Jansky
K Kelvin
K Kilobyte
K King (chess)
K one thousand dollars
ka kiloyear, thousand years
KACST King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
KAIST Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
KAIT Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, Lick Observatory, CA, USA
Kans. Kansas
KAO Korea Astronomy Observatory, Taejon, Korea
KAO NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory
KAO Kunming Astronomical Observatory CAS, China
KAPIS Kluwer Academic Publishers Information Service
KARAT KAshima RAy-tracing Tools
KARATS KAshima RAy-Tracing Service
KAREN Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network, NZ
KASC Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium, Aarhus University, Denmark
KASI Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
KAT Karoo Array Telescope, HartRAO, South Africa
Kb Kilobit
KB Kilobyte
KB Knowledge Base
KBD Keyboard
KBE Knight Commander of the British Empire
KBO Kuiper Belt Object
Kbps Kilobits per second
KBps Kilobytes per second
KBS Knowledge-Based System (VLBI sowtware, DGFI)
K.C. King's Counsel (UK)
KCRV Key Comparison Reference Value
KDD Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Japan
KDE K Desktop Enviornment
KDIR Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval
KDP Key Decision Point
KE Kenya (ISO code)
Ken. Kentucky
KEOPS Kiloparse Explorer for Optical Planet Search
KERS Kinetic Energy Recovery System
keV kiloelectron volt
KF Kalman Filter
KFNT Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies (Rus. Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel) (journal)
KFOR Kosovo Force
kG kilpgauss
kg kilogram
KG Kyrgyzstan (ISO code)
KGB USSR Committee of State Security (Rus. Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti)
KGN Korea GPS Network
KGRS Kinematically nonrotating Geocentric Reference System
KH Cambodia (ISO code)
KH Key Hole (camera)
KH Key Hole (satellite)
KHF Know How Fund, UK
kHz kilohertz
KI Kiribati (ISO code)
KiB kibibyte (2^10 bytes = 1024 bytes)
KIDS VST KIlo-Degree Survey
KIN Korean Institute of Navigation
KISS Keep It Simple, Stupid principle
KIT Keep In Touch
KKK Ku Klux Klan
KLENOT KLEt' observatory Near earth and Other unusual objects observations Team (and Telescope) ( Czech Republic)
kly kilolight-year (~1013 km)
KM Comoros (ISO code)
km kilometer
kmh kilometers per hour
KML Keyhole Markup Language
kmph kilometers per hour
KMS National Survey and Cadastre (Dan. Kort & Matriklstyrelsen), Copenhagen, Denmark
kn. knot (nautical)
KN Saint Kitts and Nevis (ISO code)
KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (Du. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut)
KNoWS K-band Northern Wide Survey
KOF Kinematic On the Fly (surveying)
KOI Kepler Object of Interest
KOOLAS Kootwijk Laser Station, the Netherlands
KOSEF Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
KOSMA Kölner Observatorium für SubMillimeter Astronomie, Gornergrat/Zermatt, Switzerland
KP Democratic People's Republic of Korea (ISO code)
KPGO Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory, Island of Kauai, HI, USA
KPNO Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA
kpc kiloparsec
KPCT Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies (journal, English translaton of KFNT)
KPI Key Performance Indicators
KPTA Kalyazin Pulsar Timing Array
K&R B. Kernighan and D. Ritchie, The C Programming Language (book)
KR Republic of Korea (ISO code)
KRAO Kalyazin Radio Astronomy Observatory, Russia
KRTA Keith Runcorn Travel Award for Americans
KS Kansas
ks Kilosecond
KSAM Keyed Sequential Access Method
KSC NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
KSGSoft Kinematic/Static GPS Software (GFZ)
KSLOC thousand source lines of code
KSP Keystone Project, Japan
KSRC CRL Kashima Space Research Center, Kashima, Japan
kt kiloton
kt. knot (nautical)
KTDMS KnowledgeTree Document Management System
KTDMS KnowledgeTree Document Management Software
KYFC Keep Your Fingers Crossed
KVA Kilovolt-Amper
KVG Korea VLBI system for Geodesy
KVN Korean VLBI Network
kW Kilowatt
KW Kuwait (ISO code)
KWP Kuhr - Witzel - Pauliny-Toth
KY Cayman Islands (ISO code)
KY Kentucky
KZ Kazakhstan (ISO code)
L Large
L. Latin
L Length
l liter
L Losses/Lost (sport)
L1C L1 Civil signal
L2C L2 Civil signal
L2C-L L2 Civil-Long signal
L2C-M L2 Civil-Moderate signal
L2P L2 Precise signal
LA Lao People's Democratic Republic (ISO code)
LA Long Arc
LA Louisiana
LA Los Angeles
LAAS Local Area Augmentation System
Lab Laboratory
LAB Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, France
LAB Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary
LABOCA Large APEX Bolometer Camera
Lac Lacerta (constellation)
LAC Local Advisory Committee
LAC Local Analysis Center (IGS/EPN)
LADEE Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer
LAEFF Laboratory for Space Astrophysics and Theoretical Physics, Spain (now LAEX)
LAEX Laboratorio de Astrofisica Estelar y Exoplanetas (Laboratory for Stellar Astrophysics and Exoplanets) (former LAEFF)
LAGEOS LAser GEOdynamics Satellite
LAGOS Laser Gravitational-wave Observatory in Space
LAMA Department of Mathematics of the Savoie University (Fr. Laboratoire de mathématiques de l'université de Savoie)
LAMOST Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, China
LAMP Linux; Apache; MySQL; PHP, Perl or Python
LAN Local Area Network
LANE LAN Emulator
LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
LAP Link Access Procedure
LAPACK Linear Algebra PACKage
LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced
LAPCAT6 Large Antarctic Plateau Clear Aperture Telescope
LAPD Los Angeles Police Department
LAPE Laser Altimeter for Planetary Exploration
LAPR Lawfully Admitted for Permanent Residence
LARC Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
LAREG IGN LAboratoire de REcherches en Geodesie, Paris, France
LARES LAser RElativity Satellite
LARIM Latin American Regional IAU Meeting
LAS UKIDSS Large Area Survey
laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASSO Laser Synchronization from Stationary Orbit
LAST Local Aparent Sidereal Time
LAT Large Area Telescope (GLAST)
Lat. Latin
Lat. Latitude
LB Lebanon (ISO code)
lb. pound (Lat. libra)
LBA Long Baseline Array, Australia
LBG Low Brightness Galaxy
LBG Lyman Break Galaxy
LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), UC Berkeley, CA, USA
LBQS Large Bright QSO Survey
LBS Location-Based Service
LBT Large Binocular Telescope
LBV Luminous Blue Variable star
LC Saint Lucia (ISO code)
LCD Liquid-Crystal Diode
LCD Liquid-Crystal Display
LCDM Lambda Cold Dark Matter
LCLG Las Campanas Loose Groups
LCOGT Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
LCP Left Circular Polarization
LCROSS Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite
LCRS Las Campanas Redshift Survey
LCS LBA Calibrator Survey
LCS Local Citation Score
LCV Light Commercial Vehicle
LD Laser Diode
Ld. Limited (company)
LDC Local Data Center (IGS/EPN)
LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
LDM Local Data Manager
LDS Ladd - Deane - Snaders
LE Language Editor
LE Lunar Ephemerides
LED Laser Earth Dynamics experiment
LED Light Emitting Diode
LEDA Lyon Extragalactic DAtabase
LEGOS Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, France
LEGRI Low Energy Gamma Ray Imager (LAEFF, Spain)
LEM Lunar Excursion Module
LENA Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy
LEND Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector
Leo Leo (constellation)
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LEO Low-Earth Orbiter
Lep Lepus (constellation)
LEPOR Longterm and Expanded Program of Oceanic exploration and Research
LERA Local Earth Rotation Angle
LeRC NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
LERMA Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (Fr. Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères), Paris Observatory
Lett. Letters
LF Line Feed
LF Low Frequency
LF Luminosity Function
LfA Linux for Astronomy
LFI Low Frequency Instrument (ESA, Plank mission))
LFU Least Frequency Used
LFVN Low Frequency VLBI Network
LGB Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual
LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender
LGBTQ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer
LGDO Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
LGGS Local Group Galaxies Survey
LGM Last Glacial Maximum
LGN Local Geodetic Network
LGPL GNU Lesser General Public License
LH Luft Hansa
LHA Local Hour Angle
LHC Large Hadron Collider
LHC Left-Hand Circular polarization
LHCP Left-Hand Circular Polarization
LHREI Laterally Heterohenious, Rotating, Elastic, Isotropic (Earth model)
LHRVI Laterally Heterohenious, Rotating, Visco-elastic, Isotropic (Earth model)
LHS Left Hand Side
LHS Luyten Half-Second catalog
LI Liechtenstein (ISO code)
LIADA Liga IberoAmericana De Astronomia
Lib Liberal
Lib Libra (constellation)
LIBOR London InterBank Offered Rate
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
LIFO Last-In, First-Out
LIG Last InterGlacial
LIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, USA
LILO Last-In, Last-Out
LINEAR Lincoln (Laboratory) Near-Earth Asteroid Research (MIT)
LINPACK LINear PACKage, IMSL
LINX London INternet eXchange
LINZ Land Information of New Zealand, Wellington, NZ
LIRG Luminous InfraRed Galaxy
LIS Land Information System
LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
LISA Library and Information Services in Astronomy
LISP LISt Processing
LIT Linear Ion Trap
LitPOS Lithuanian Positioning System
LITE Linear Ion Trap Extended
LITS Linear Ion Trap frequency Standard
LK Lake
LK Sri Lanka (ISO code)
LKF Linearized Kalman Filter
LJ LaserJet printer
LLK Lee - Lobanov - Krichbaum
LLC Limited Liability Company
LLC Logical Link Control
LLF Local Level Frame, the same as NED frame
LLN Load Love Number
LLR Lunar Laser Ranging
LLS Linear Least Squares
LLSM Linear Least Squares Method
LLSM Logarithmic Least Squares Method
lm Lumen
LM Lunar Module
LMC Large Magellanic Cloud
LMi Leo Minor (constellation)
LMS Least Mean Square
LMSA Large Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Array, Japan
LMSAL Lockheed Martin ATC's Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory
LMST Local Mean Sidereal Time
LMT Local Mean Time
LMU Ludwig Maximilian Universität, Munich, Germany
LN Local Network
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LNAAC Local Network Associate Analysis Center
LNB Low Noise Block (the same as LNC)
LNC Low Noise Converter (the same as LNB)
LNF Low Noise Factory, Sweden
LNSD Large-N/Small-D
LO Local Oscillator
LOC Lines of Code
LOC Local Organizing Committee
LOD Length of Day
LODR Length of Day Regularized
LOFAR Low Frequency Array
LOFT Large Observatory For X-ray Timing
LOI Letter of Intent
LOLA Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LRO)
Lon. Longitude
Long. Longitude
LONEOS Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search
LOP Line Of Position
LOPES LOFAR PrototypE Station, Karlsruhe, Germany
LOR linux.org.ru
LORAN LOng Range Aid to Navigation
LOS Line Of Sight
LOS Loss Of Signal
LOSSAM LAGEOS Spin Axis Model
LOTE Language Other Than English
LP Linear Polarization
LP Lunar Prospector mission, Japan
LPAC Astronomical Council of USSR
LPD Low Probabilty of Detection
lpf liter per flush
LPI Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
lpi lines per inch
LPI Low Probabilty of Intercept
LPOD Laser Precise (Precision) Orbit Determination
LPPL LaTeX Project Public License
LPR Large Pulkovo Radio Telescope
LPSC Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
LPT Line Print Terminal
LPT Federal Office of Topography (Ger. Bundesamt für Landestopographie), Wabern, Switzerland (the same as BfL, FOT, L+T)
LQAC Large Quasar Astrometric Catalog
LQG Linear Quadratic Gaussian
LQRF Large Quasar Reference Frame
LR Laser Ranging
LR Laser Reflector
LR Liberia (ISO code)
LRA Laser Ranging Array
LRA Laser Retroreflector Array
LRD Long-Range Dependence
LRDS Low-Resolution DRAO Survey of HI Emission from the Galactic Plane (DRAO)
LRE Laser Ranging Equipment
LREE Light Rare Earth Elements
LRG Luminous Red Galaxy
LRLF Local Radio Luminosity Function
LRO Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
LRRA Lunar RetroReflector Array
LRSO Laser Ranging Safety Officer
LRW Loiseau+Reich+Wielebinski
LS Least Squares
LS Lesotho (ISO code)
LSAS Least Squares Ambiguity Search
LSB Lower SideBand
LSC Least Square Collocation
LSDM Land Surface Discharge Model
LSE London Stock Exchange
LSI Large Scale Integration
LSIR Least Square Instantaneous Resolution filter
LSM Land Surface Model
LSM Laser StrainMeter
LSM Least Squares Method
LSPM Lépine Shara Proper Motion catalog
LSR Local Standard of Rest
LSST Large-Scale Structure Survey
LSST Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
LST Local Sidereal Time
LS-VCE Least-Squares Variance Component Estimation
LSW Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Heidelberg, Germany, part of ZAH
LSXM Land Surface eXtended Model
Lt. Lieutenant
LT Lithuania (ISO code)
LT Local Time
L+T Federal Office of Topography (Ger. Bundesamt für Landestopographie), Switzerland (the same as BfL, FOT, LPT)
Ltd. Limited (company)
LTE Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium
LTF Labita - Treves - Falomo
LTO Linear Tape-Open
LTP NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
LTR Long Term Relationship
LU Luxembourg (ISO code)
LUN Logical Unit Number
Lup Lupus (constellation)
LURE LUnar Ranging Experiment
LURR Load-Unload Response Ratio
LUT Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope
LV Latvia (ISO code)
LV Launch Vehicle
LWA Long Wavelength Array, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
LWC Liquid Water Content
LVDS Low-Voltage Differential Signal
lx lux
LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (ISO code)
ly light-year
Lyn Lynx (constellation)
Lyr Lyra (constellation)
LZ Lempel-Ziv
LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch
M Mach number
M Male
M. Mars
M. Magister
M. Master
M Messier catalog
M Megabyte
m meter
m metric
M Midfield (sport)
m mile
M million
m minute
M Monday
M1 Primary Mirror
M2 Secondary Mirror
M2A Métrologie de l'espace, Astrodynamique, Astrophysique group, Bordeaux Observatory, France
M2M Machine to Machine
M3 Moon Mineralogy Mapper
Ma Million Years
MA Morocco (ISO code)
MA Massachusetts
MA Master of Arts (Lat. Magister Artium)
MAA Mathematical Association of America, USA
Mac Macintosh
MAC Master Astrometric Catalog
MAC Media Access Control
Ma megayear, million years
MAC Mineralogical Association of Canada
MAC Meridian Axial Circle
MACHO MAssive Compact Halo Objects
MACLAS McDonald Laser Station
MAD Mean Absolute Deviation
MAE Mean Absolute Error
mag. magnitude
MAG Millimeter Astronomy Group (HIA)
MAGDAS MAGnetic Data Acquisition System
MAGIC Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescope, La Palma, Canary islands, Spain
MAHLI Mars Hand Lens Imager
MAHT Machine Aided Human Translation
Maj. Major
MAM Mantle Angular Momentum
MAMBO Max-Planck-Millimeter-Bolometer
MANIAC Mathematical Analyzer, Numerator, Integrator, and Computer
MANOVA Multiple ANalysis Of VAriance
MAO Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
MAP Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellite
MAPI Messaging API
Mar March
MARAD U.S. Maritime Administration
MARBLE Multiple Antenna Radio-interferometry of Baseline Length Evaluation
MARC MAchine-Readable Cataloging
MARC Multitechnology Automated Reader Card
MARCI Mars Color Imager
MARDI Mars Descent Imager
MARED MARitime EDucation
MARGO Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface
MARSIS Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding
MARVEL Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library
MAS Microbeam Analysis Society
mas milliarcseconds
MAS MODIS Airborne Simulator
mascon mass concentration
maser Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
MASIV Micro-Arcsecond Scintillation-Induced Variability
Mass. Massachusetts
MASTER MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator
Math. Mathematical
Math. Mathematics
MathML Mathematical Markup Language
MATLAB MATrix LABoratory
MATLAS Matera Laser Station, Italy
MATRAG Measurement of Alpine Tropospheric delay by Radiometer And GPS
MAU Media Attachment Unit
MAVAR Modified Allan Variance
MAVEN Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN
MAXIM Micro-Arcsecond X-ray Imaging Mission
Mb Megabit
MB Megabyte
mb millibar
MB Motherboard
MBA Main Belt Asteroid(s)
MBA Master of Business Administration
mbar millibar
MBC Middle-east Broadcasting Center
MBCS Multi-Byte Character Set
MBD MultiBand Delay
MBDC Minority Business Development Council, Dallas, TX, USA
MBO Main Belt Objects
Mbps Megabits per second
MBps Megabytes per second
MBR Master Boot Record
mbsf meters below sea floor
MC Master Clock
Mc Megacycle
MC Midnight Commander
MC Monaco (ISO code)
MCA Micro Channel Architecture
MCC Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp., Austin, TX, USA
MCC Mission Control Center, Korolyov, Russia (now IAC)
MCDA Microsoft Certified Database Administrator
MCEP Mean Celestial Ephemeris Pole
MCFC Manchester City Football Club
MCH Memory Controller Hub
MCI Media Control Interface
MCP MicroChannel Plate
MCP Microsoft Certified Professional
MCPC Multiple Channel Per Carrier
MCS GPS Master Control Station, Schriever Air Force Base, CO, USA
MCS Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg earthquake intensity scale
MCS Monte Carlo Simulation
MCSA Microsoft Certified System Administrator
MCSD Microsoft Certified Solution Developer
MCSE Microsoft Certified System Engineer
MCT Microsoft Certified Trainer
MCV Magnetic Cataclysmic Variable
MD Doctor of Medicine
MD Make Directory
MD Maryland
M.D. Medicine Doctor
MD Mini Disk
MD Moldova, Republic of (ISO code)
MDA MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd., Canada
MDA Monochrome Display Adapter
MDB Minimal Detectable Bias
MDCE Maritime Development Center of Europe
MDEV Modified Allan Deviation
MDF Medium Density Fibreboard
MDGPS Maritime Differential GPS Service
MDI McDonnell Douglas, Inc., USA
MDI Michelson Doppler Imager
MDI Multiply Document Interface
MDS Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Survey
MDSCC Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex, Spain
MDT Mountain Daylight Time (UTC - 6h)
ME Maine
Me. Mercury
ME Multi Edit (text editor)
Mech. Mechanics
MEDLAS Mediterranean Laser Campaign
MEDOC Motion of the Earth by Doppler Observing Campaign
MEIPS Mind Enterprise IP System
MEM Maximum Entropy Method
MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
Men Mensa (constellation)
MEO Medium-Earth Orbit
MeO Metrology and Optics program, Côte d'Azur Observatory, France
MEOLUT MEO Local User Terminal (Galileo)
MEP Member of the European Parliament
MEPAG Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group
MER NASA Mars Exploration Rover mission
MERIS MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MERIT Monitor Earth Rotation and Intercompare Techniques (Monitoring of Earth Rotation and Intercomparison of Techniques)
MERLIN JBO Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network, UK
MES Manufacturing Execution System
MESA Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions Association
MESSENGER MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging
MET Middle-European Time (UTC + 1h)
MET Mission Elapsed Time
METDST Middle-European Daylight Time (UTC + 2h)
Meteor. Meteorology
Meteorol. Meteorology
METI Messaging to ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence
MeV mega electron volt
MEX Mars EXpress
MEXART Mexican Array Radio Telescope
MEZ Middle-European Time (Ger. Mitteleuropäische Zeit) (UTC + 1h)
MF MainFrame
MF Medium Frequency
MF MicroFishe
MF MidField (sport)
MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes
MFD Magneto-Fluid Dynamics
mfd. Manufactured
MFEnet Magnetic Fusion Energy Network
MFG Manufacturing
MFN Marecki - Falcke - Niezgoda
MFP MultiFunction Peripheral (Printer)
MFS Multi-Frequency Synthesis
MFV Multi-Frequency VLBI
MG Madagascar (ISO code)
mg milligram
MG1 First MIT-Green Bank 5 GHz Survey
MG2 Second MIT-Green Bank 5 GHz Survey
MG3 Third MIT-Green Bank 5 GHz Survey
MG4 Fourth MIT-Green Bank 5 GHz Survey
MGB MIT-Green Bank survey
MGGF Monitoring Global Geophysical Fluids
MGN Mediterranean GPS Network
MGS Mars Global Surveyor mission, USA
Mgr Manager
MH Marshall islands (ISO code)
MHD Magneto-Hydro Dynamic, Magneto-Hydro Dynamics
MHPCC Maui High Performance Computing Center, HI, USA
MHz megahertz
mHz millihertz
MI Michigan
mi mile
MiB Mebibyte (2^20 bytes = 1024 kibibytes = 1,048,576 bytes)
Mic Microscopium (constellation)
MICA USNO Multiyear Interactive Computer Almanac
Mich. Michigan
MICOM Miami Isopycnal Coordinate Ocean Model
Micro-PNT Microtechnology for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
MIDAS MIcrowave Detection of Air Showers
MIDAS Munich Image Data Analysis System
MIDEX NASA Medium-Class Explorer program
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MILnet Defense data network
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
min minute
MIN Mobile Identification Number
MINQE Minimum Invariant Quadratic Estimate
Minn. Minnesota
MINQUE Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimator
MIPAS Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding
MIPS Million Instructions Per Second
MIPS Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF
MIRI Mid InfraRed Instrument (JWST)
MISAO Multitudinous Image-based Sky-survey and Accumulative Observations
MISL Major Indoor Soccer League
MISS Mars Interior Structure by Seismology
Miss. Mississippi
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
MITES Miniature Interferometer Terminals for Earth Survey
MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan
MITNRC MIT Near Real Time Correlator
MJD Modified Julian Date
MJL Master Journal List
mJy millijansky
MK Macedonia (ISO code)
mk mark
mK millikelvin
MKL Math Kernel Library
ML Mali (ISO code)
ML Mobile Laser system
ML Maximum Likelihood
ml milliliter
MLA Mars Laser Altimeter
MLA MESSENGER Laser Altimeter
MLAS Max Launch Abort System
MLE Maximum Likelihood Estimate
MLM Maximum Likelihood Method
mln million
MLRO Matera Laser Ranging Observatory, Italy
MLP MultiLayer Perceptron neural network
MLRS McDonald Laser Ranging System, Ft. Davis, TX, USA
MLS Major League Soccer
MLS Microwave Landing System
MLSS Mt. Lemmon Survey
MLTI Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere/Ionosphere
Mly megalight-year
M-M Marini-Murray model (SLR)
Mm megameter
MM Mesoscale Model (meteorology)
mm millimeter
MM Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale
MM MultiMedia
MM Myanmar (ISO code)
MMA Mixed Martial Arts
MMF MIT Mapping Function
MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
MMS Multimedia Messages Service
MMT Multiply Mirror Telescope, AZ, USA
MMX MultiMedia eXtensions
MN Minnesota
MN Mongolia (ISO code)
MNRAS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (journal)
MNRASL Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters (journal)
MNRF Major National Research Facilities program, Australia
MNS Metal-Nitride-Semiconductor
MO Macau (ISO code)
MO Magneto-Optics
MO Manila Observatory, Philippines
MO Medical Officer
MO Missouri
m.o. modus operandi
MO Money Order
m/o money order
mo. month
MOA Memorandum Of Agreement
MOA Mount Observer Automation
MOAAL Mother Of All Acronym Lists
MOAB Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb
MOBLAS NASA MOBile LAser ranging System
MOC Mars Orbiter Camera (Mars Global Surveyor)
MOC Microsoft Official Curriculum
MoD Ministry of Defense
MODEST MODel and ESTimate
MODEST MOdeling DEnse STellar systems
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MODWT Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform
MOE Medium precision Orbit Ephemerides
MoGGIE Moho Geometry Gravity Inversion Experiment
MOI Memorandum Of Information
MOID Minimum Orbital Intersection Distance
MOIRCS Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (Subaru telescope)
MOJAVE Monitoring Of Jets in Active galaxies with VLBA Experiments, NRAO, USA
MOLA Mars Orbiter Lander Altimeter (MGS mission)
MOM Mobile Optical Mount
MOM Modular Ocean Model
Mon. Monday
Mon Monoceros (constellation)
Mon. Monthly
MOND MOdified Newtonian Dynamics
Mont. Montana
MoonLIGHT Moon Laser Instrumentation for General relativity High-accuracy Tests
MOPS Moving Object Processing System
MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
MOSAIC MObile System for Accurate ICBM Control (radionavigation system), USA
MOST Korea Ministry Of Science and Technology
MOTS Mostly Off The Shelf
MOU Memorandum Of Understanding
MOUS Microsoft Office User Specialist
M/P Mass Production
MP Member of Parliament
MP Military Police
MP Northern Mariana Islands (ISO code)
MP3/4 MPEG level 3/4
MPA Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics (Ger. Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik)
Mpc Megaparsec
MPC IAU Minor Planet Center
MPC Minor Planet Circular
MPCAC IAU Minor Planet Center Advisory Committee
MPCV Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle
MPE Maximum Permissible Exposure
MPE Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Ger. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik)
MPEC Minor Planet Electronic Circular
MPEG Motion Pictures Experts Group
mpg miles per gallon
mph miles per hour
MPI Max-Planck Institute (Ger. Max-Planck-Institut), Germany
MPI Message Passing Interface
MPI Mobile Productivity, Inc.
MPI Multi-Point Injection
MPIfR Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (Ger. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie), Bonn, Germany
MPIK Ger. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany
MPIR Max-Planck Institute
MPQ Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
MPS Minor Planet Circular Supplement
MQ Martinique (ISO code)
MR Mauritania (ISO code)
Mr. Mister
MRAM Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory
MRAO Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Lord's Bridge, Cambridge, UK
MRC Molonglo Reference Catalogue of radio sources
MRF Medium-range Forecast (meteorology)
MRI Meteorological Research Institute, Japan
Mrk Markarian galaxy
MRO Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
MRO Metsahovi Radio astronomy Observatory
MRR Modulated Retro-Reflector
Mrs. Mistress
MRSS Media RSS
MRU Most Recently Used
MS Main Sequence
MS Manuscript
M.S. Master (Magister) of Science
Ms Megasample
Ms Megasecond
MS Michael Schumacher
MS MicroSoft
MS MicroStar International
ms millisecond
Ms. Miss or Mistress
MS Mississippi
MS Montserrat (ISO code)
M.S. Morning Star (newspaper)
MSA Mineralogical Society of America
MSAS MTSAT-based Satellite Augmentation System, Japan
M.Sc. Master (Magister) of Science
MSD Moscow Daylight Time (UTC + 4h)
MSDE MicroSoft Data (Desktop, Database) Engine
MSDN MicroSoft Developers Network
MSE Mean Square(d) Error
MSEE Master of Science in Electrical Engineering
MSF Microsoft Solutions Framework
MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
MSFN Manned SpaceFlight Network, NASA
msg. message
MSG Meteosat Second Generation
MSI MicroSoft Installer
MSI Micro-Star International
MSI Minority Serving Institutions
MSIE MicroSoft Internet Explorer
MSK Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik earthquake intensity scale, also MSK-64
MSK Moscow Time (UTC + 3h)
MSL Mars Science Laboratory
MSL Mean Sea Level
MSM MethylSulfonylMethane
MSN Manned Spaceflight Network
MSN MicroSoft Network
MSO Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Canberra, NSW, Australia
MSODP Multi-Satellite Orbit Determination Program
MSOI Modified Southern Oscillation Index (meteorology)
MSP MicroSoft Paint
MSRE Monitor Station Receiver Element
MSRI Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
MSRP Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price
MSS Mean Sea Surface
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
MSSA Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis
MSSL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL, London, UK
MSSS Malin Space Science Systems
MSSS Maui Space Surveillance System, HI, USA
MSSSO Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Canberra, NSW, Australia
MST Mean Solar Time
MST Moscow Standart Time (UTC + 3h)
MST U.S. Mountain Standard Time (UTC - 7h)
MSTI Miniature Seeker Technology Integration
MSU Moscow State University, Russia
MSX IPAC Midcourse Space Experimen
MT Machine Translation
MT MagnetoTelluric
MT Malta (ISO code)
MT Manual Transmission
Mt megaton
mt metric ton
mT millitesla
MT Montana
Mt. Mount (Mountain)
MTA Message Transfer Agent (Mail Transfer Agent, Mail Transport Agent)
MTB Mountain Bike
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTF Modulation Transfer Function
MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error
MTL Montreal
MTLRS Modular Transportable Laser Ranging System (IfAG, TUD)
MTM MultiTaper Method (spectral analysis)
MTP Masters Training Package
MTP Microwave Temperature Profiler
MTPE Mission to Planet Earth, USA
MTSAT Multi-functional Transport Satellite, Japan
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
MU Manchester United football club
MU Mauritius (ISO code)
MUI Windows XP Multilingual User Interface Pack
Mus Musca (constellation)
MUT Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
MV Maldives (ISO code)
MV Mobile VLBI system
MVAR Modified Allan Variance
MVL Multi-media Virtual Laboratory
MVP Most Valuable Player
MVP Most Valuable Professional
MW Malawi (ISO code)
MW MicroWave
MW megawatt
mW milliwatt
MWA Murchison Wide-field Array, Australia
MWG ILRS Mission Working Group
MWN Mercalli-Wood-Neuman earthquake intensity scale
MWO Maunt Wilson Observatory, CA, USA
MWR MicroWave Radiometer
Mx maxwell
MX Mexico (ISO code)
MY Malaysia (ISO code)
Myr megayear
MZ Mozambique (ISO code)
N Knight (chess)
N. Neptune
N newton
N North
N. Notes
n. Noun
NA Namibia (ISO code)
N/A Not Applicable
N/A Not Assigned
N/A Not Available
NAC UWS Nepean Astronomy Center, Australia
NAD North American Datum
NAE National Academy of Engineering, USA
NAFF Numerical Analysis of Fundamental Frequencies
NAFTA North American Free-Trade Agreement
NAG Naval Astronautics Group, Point Mugu, CA, USA
NAG Numerical Algorithms Group
NaGISA Natural Geography In Shore Areas
NAGU Notice Advisory to GLONASS Users
NAID Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
NAIF NASA Navigation Ancillary Information Facility
NAIS NASA Acquisition Internet Service
NAL National Aerospace Laboratory, Japan (now JAXA)
NaN Not-a-Number
NANU Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR Users
NAO National Astronomical Observatories, China
NAO National Astronomical Observatory, Japan
NAO National Astronomical Observatory, Spain
NAO Nautical Almanac Office
NAO North Atlantic Oscillation
NAOC National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
NAOCO NAO New Advanced One unit COrrelator, Japan
NAOJ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
NAOMZ National Astronomical Observatory, Mizusawa Branch, Japan (formerly ILOM)
NAPS North American Plate Stability project
NARCCAP North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program
NAREF North America Reference Frame
NARIT National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand
NAS NASA Advanced Supercomputing
NAS National Academy of Sciences, USA
NAS Network Attached Storage
NAS Newcastle Astronomical Society, Australia
NASA U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASCAR National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing
NASCOM NASA COMmunications Network
NASDA NAtional Space Development Agency, Japan (now JAXA)
NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system
NASM National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC, USA
NASRDA National Space Research and Development Agency, Nigeria
NASSMC National Alliance of State Science and Mathematics Coalitions, USA
NAT Network Address Translation
natl. national
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATS National Activity to Test Software
NAV Norton AntiVirus
NAVCEN USCG Navigation Center
NAVEX NAVNET Experiment (Navy VLBI Experiments)
NAVD North American Vertical Datum
NAVINT Navy Intensives (VLBI program)
NAVNET U.S. Navy VLBI Network
NAVSTAR NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging (Navigation System Timing and Ranging, Navigation System with Time and Ranging)
NB take notice (Lat. nota bene)
NB New Brunswick (Canadian province)
NBA National Basketball Association, USA
NBA National Boxing Association, USA
NBC National Broadcasting Company, USA
NBM National Broadband Map, USA
NBMG Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, NV, USA
NBS National Bureau of Standards, USA (now NIST)
NBSM National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China
NC New Caledonia (ISO code)
NC North Carolina
NC Norton Commander
NCA National Committee for Astronomy, Australia
NCAA National Collegiate Athletic Association, USA
NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA
NCBB Networking and Communications Building Blocks
NCC National Cartographic Center, Iran
NCC GFZ Network Control Center, Potsdam, Germany
NCDC National Climatic Data Center, USA
NCEDC Northern California Earthquake Data Center, CA, USA
NCEP U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (formerly NMC)
NCL University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
NCMN NGS National Crustal Motion Network, USA
NCO PNT National Coordination Office, USA
NCPS VA National Center for Patient Safety, USA
NCRA National Center for Radio Astrophysics, India
NCRIS National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy, Australia
NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications, UIUC, IL, USA
NCSI Network Connectivity Status Indicator
NCST Naval Center for Space Technology, USA
ND Near Diurnal
ND North Dakota
ND Nuclear Disarmament
N.Dak. North Dakota
NDBC NOAA National Data Buoy Center
NDC National Drug Code, USA
NDFW Nearly Diurnal Free Wobble
NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System, USA
NDGW Near Diurnal Free Wobble
NDIS Network Driver (Device) Interface Specification
NDP Numerical Data Processor
NDVI Normalized Differential Vegetation Index
NDW Naval District Washington
NDWFS NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey
Nd:YAG Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet
NE Nebraska
NE ILRS Networks and Engineering working group
NE Niger (ISO code)
NE Northeast
NEA Near-Earth Asteroid(s)
NEAP Near-Earth Asteroid Prospector
NEAR Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
NEAT Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
NEAT Nearby Earth Astrometric Telescope
Nebr. Nebraska
NEC Near Earth Comet(s)
NEC Nippon Electric Company, Japan
NED National Elevation Dataset, USA
NED NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
NED North-East-Down frame
NEDA RUSEG Northern Eurasia Deformation Array
NEEMO NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations
NEESPI Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative
NEFCO Nordic Environment Finance Corporation
NEIC National Earthquake Information Center, CO, USA
NEIDS Non-European Integrity Determination System (Galileo)
NELG Narrow Emission Line Galaxy
NELS Northwest European Loran-C System
NEO Near-Earth Objects
NEO Near-Earth Orbit
NEON National Ecological Observatory Network, USA
NEON Network of European Observatories in the North
NEOO Near-Earth Object Observations program
NEOS U.S. National Earth Orientation Service
NEOWISE NASA Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
NEP Noise Equivalent Power
NEP Nuclear Electric Propulsion
NEQ Normal EQuation
NERC Natural Environment Research Council, UK
NEROC North-East Radio Observatory Corporation, USA
NESC NASA Engineering Safety Center
NESDIS NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service, USA
NESSAS Norwegian Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas
NESTA National Earth Science Teachers Association, Washington, DC, USA
NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System
NEXIS Nuclear Electric Xenon Ion System engine
Nev. Nevada
NEWG ILRS Networks and Engineering Working Group
NEWPS NEW extragalactic Point Source catalogue
NEX NASA Earth Exchange
NExT New Exploration of Tempel 1
NeXT New X-ray Telescope, now ASTRO-H (JAXA/NASA)
NF Norfolk Island (ISO code)
NFA Nomenclature for Fundamental Astronomy
NFC Near Field Communication
NFK Neue FundamentalKatalog
NFRA the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy
NFS Network File System
NFS Networked File System
NFSS New Font Selection Scheme
ng nanogram
NG Nigeria (ISO code)
NGA U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (formerly NIMA)
NGC New General Catalog
NGDC NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, USA
NGI National Geography Institute, South Korea
NGI Next Generation Internet
NGII National Geographic Information Institute, Korea
NGMN Nepal Geodetic Monitoring Network
NGO Non-Government Organization
NGOS Nordic Geodetic Observing System
NGP North Galactic Pole
NGBPS Non-GPS Based Positioning System
NGRI National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
NGRS National Geodetic Reference System
NGS U.S. National Geodetic Survey
NGSLR Next Generation SLR
NGST Next Generation Space Telescope
NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum (USA)
NH New Hampshire
NH Northern Hemisphere
NHC Non-Holonomic Constraint
NHESS Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (journal)
NHL National Hockey League, USA
NHM Non-Hydrostatic numerical weather prediction Model
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, USA
NI Nicaragua (ISO code)
NIAC NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts
NIB Non-Inverted Barometer (meteorology)
NIBO Non-Inverted Barometric Ocean
NIC Network Information Center
NIC Network Interface Card
NICMOS Near Infrared camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (HST)
NICT National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (former CRL+TAO), Japan
NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
NIGGG National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgaria
NIH National Institutes of Health, USA
NIMA U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency (now NGA)
NIN Netherlands Institute of Navigation (Dat. Nederlands Instituut voor Navigatie)
NIOZ Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
NIPR National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
NIPRNET Non-Classified IP Router Network
NIR Near Infrared
NIRBE Near Infrared Background Experiment
NIRS Northern International Reference Stars
NIS Navigation Information Service
NIS Navigation Infotainment System(s)
NIS New Independent States (of FSU)
NISN NASA Integrated Services Network
NIST National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
NJ New Jersey
NKG Nordic Geodetic Commission
NKS New Kind of Science
NL Netherlands (ISO code)
NL New Latin
NLES Navigation Local EGNOS Station
NLH Agricultural University of Norway
NLK Nord-Lazio-Kassim
NLLS Non-Linear Least Squares
NLOM NRL Ocean Model
NLRG Narrow-Line Radio Galaxy
NLRS Natmap Laser Ranging System, Orroral, Australia
NLS NASA Launch Services
NLS National Land Survey of Sweden
NLST National Large Solar Telescope, India
NLT Not Later Than
NLTE Non-Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium
NLTT New Luyten Two-Tenths catalog
nm nanometer
n.m. nautical mile
NM New Mexico
NMA Nobeyama Millimeter Array, Japan
NMA Norwegian Mapping Authority
NMC U.S.National Meteorological Center, now NCEP
NMD National Mapping Division, Australia
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association, USA
N.Mex. New Mexico
NMF Niell Mapping Function
NMFh Niell Mapping Function, hydrostatic component
NMFw Niell Mapping Function, wet component
NMI National Metrology Institute
NMI Nobeyama Millimeter Interferometer, Japan
NMOC Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, USA
NMP North Magnetic Pole
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NMS NetWare Management System (Novell)
NMS NGST Mission Stimulator
NNE North-Northeast
NNF Nordic Institute of Navigation (Norw. Nordisk Navigasjonsforum), Drammen, Norway
NNI Network-to-Network Interface
NNR No-Net-Rotation
NNSS U.S. Navy Navigation Satellite System (TRANSIT)
NNT No-Net-Translation
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
NNW North-Northwest
NO Norway (ISO code)
No. Number
NOAA U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
NOAO National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA
NOC National Olympic Committee
NOC National Organizing Committee
NOFS U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station, AZ, USA
NOGAPS U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System
NOI Notice of Intent
NOMAD Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Dataset
NOPP U.S. National Ocean Partnership Program
Nor Norma (constellation)
NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command, USA
Norw. Norwegian
NOS Network Operating System
NOS U.S. National Ocean Survey
NOT Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
Not. Notes
Nov November
NOVAS Naval Observatory Vector Astrometry Subroutines
NP Nepal (ISO code)
NP Network Provider
NP Normal Point
NPACI National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, USA
NPL National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
NPL National Physical Laboratory, India
NPM Northern Proper Motion program (Lick observatory)
NPM1G Northern Proper Motion program, 1st list of Galaxies (Lick observatory)
NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, USA
NPOI Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer
NPOI Kenneth J. Johnston Navy Precision Optical Interferometer
NPO-PM Reshetnev Applied Mechanics Research and Production Association, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
NPP NPOESS Preparatory Project spacecraft.
NPRB North Pacific Research Board
NPS North Polar Sequence
NPTC Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, USA
NR National Record
NR Nauru (ISO code)
NR Numerical Recipes
NRA NASA Research Announcement
NRAL Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, UK
NRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USA
NRC National Research Council, Canada
NRC National Research Council, USA
NRCan Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada (formerly EMR)
NRD Normalized Residual Delay
NREN National Research and Education Network
NRF National Research Foundation, South Africa
NRIAG National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Egypt
NRL Naval Research Laboratory, USA
NRO U.S. National Reconnaissance Office
NRO Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Japan
NRO Non-Rotating Origin
NRSM Nobeyama Radio Seeing Monitor, Japan
NRT Near Real Time
ns nanosecond
NS Nervous System
NS NetScape
NS Neutron Star
NS North-South
N/S Not Specified
NSA U.S. National Security Agency
NSAID Non-Steriodal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
NSAS Northern Sydney Astronomical Society, Australia
NSBE National Society of Black Engineers, USA
NSBRI NASA Human Research Program and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute
NSCC Navigation System Control Center (Galileo)
NSD National Space Development Agency, Japan
NSDC IAU/BDL Natural Satellites Data Center
NSDB Network State Data Base
NSDB NSDC Natural Satellites Data Base
NSERC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada
NSF National Science Foundation, USA
NSF National Science Fund, Bulgaria
NSFnet NSF Network
NSGF NERC Space Geodesy Facility, UK
NSI NASA (Network) Science Internet
NSI National Statistical Institute, Bulgaria
NSIC National Storage Industry Consortium, USA
NSI-DECnet NSI DECnet Protocol
NSI-TCP/IP NSI TCP/IP Protocol
NSIPP NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project
NSN NASA Science Network
NSO National Solar Observatory, USA
NSO Netherlands Space Office
NSO/KP National Solar Observatory / Kitt Peak, AZ, USA
NSO/SP National Solar Observatory / Sacramento Peak, NM, USA
NSP Navigation Signal Processor (Galileo)
NSPD National Security Policy Directive (USA)
NSRO Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory, Japan
NSRS National Spatial Reference System, USA
NSS National Security Space, USA
NSSA National Security Space Architect, USA
NSSA National Space Society of Australia
NSSC NASA Shared Services Center
NSSDC NASA/GSFC National Space Science Data Center
NSSO National Security Space Office, USA
NSSRM National Security Space Road Map, USA
NSSTC National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
NStED NASA Star and Exoplanet Database, Pasadena, California
NSW New South Wales, Australia
NSWC U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center
nT nanotesla
NT Network Termination
NT Northern Territory, Australia
NTC National Textbook Company, USA
NTF National Tidal Facility, Australia
NTFS New Technology File System
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration, USA
NTIS National Technical Information Service, USA
NTN National Test Network, Canada (communication network)
NTOL Non-Tidal Ocean Loading
NTP Network Time Protocol
NTRIP Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol
NTS Navigation Technology Satellite, USA
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board, USA
NTRS NASA Technical Report Server
NTSC U.S. National Television Standard Committee
NTT New Technology Telescope, Chile
NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp., Tokio, Japan
NTT Com NTT Communications Corp., Japan
NTU Nanyang Technical University, Singapore
NTUA National Technical University of Athens, Greece
NTVDM NT Virtual DOS Machine (the same as WOW)
NU Niue (ISO code)
NUGA NUclei of GAlaxies
Numer. Numerical
NuSTAR Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array
NUVEL Northwestern University Velocity Model
NUVEL-NNR Northwestern University Velocity Model, No-Net-Rotation
NV Nevada
NVO National Virtual Observatory, USA
NVP National Vacation Promotions, USA
NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
NVSS NRAO VLA Sky Survey
NW Northwest
NWA NorthWest Airlines
NWM Numerical Weather Model
NWP Numerical Weather Prediction
NWRA NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., USA
NWS U.S. National Weather Service
NY New York
NYC New York City
NYPD New York City Police Department
NYSE New York Stock Exchange
NYT "New York Times"
NYU New York University
NZ New Zealand
NZ New Zealand (ISO code)
NZGD New Zealand Geodetic Datum
O. Ohio
OA Open Access
OA Optical Astrometry
OA Osteoarthritis
OAB Bologna Astronomical Observatory (It. Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna), Italy
OAC Cagliari Astronomical Observatory (It. Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliary), Italy
OACT Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania - Teramo, Teramo, Italy
OAD Office for Astronomy Development (IAU)
OADEV Overlapping Allan Deviation
OAFA Observatorio Astronómico Félix Aguilar, Argentina
OAI Open Archives Initiative
OAM Ocean Angular Momentum
OAN National Astronomical Observatory (Sp. Observatorio Astronomico Nacional), Spain
OANB Observatorio Astronomico Nacional de Bolivia
OAO Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
OAR Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Italy
OAR NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research
OARE Online Access to Research in the Environment
OAS Organization of American States
OASIS Orbit Analysis and SImulation Software
OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
OAT Astronomical Observatory of Trieste (It. L'Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste)
O.B.E. Order of the British Empire
OBIS Ocean Biogeographic Information System
OBP Ocean Bottom Pressure
OBSPM Observatory Paris-Medon (Fr. Observatoire de Paris-Meudon), France
OBSS Origins Billion Star Survey
Obs. Observatory
O-C Observed minus Computed
OC Open Cluster
OC Outer Core
OCA Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, France
OCARS Optical Characteristics of Astrometric Radio Sources
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
OCO-2 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OCS Officer Candidate School
OCS Operational Control System
Oct Octans (constellation)
Oct October
OCTAVE Optiically ConnecTed Array for VLBI Exploration, Japan
OCW OpenCourseWare
o.d. on demand
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
ODC IGS Operational Data Center
OD OpenDocument
ODF OpenDocument Format
ODI Open Datalink Interface
ODS OpenDocument Spreadsheet
ODU Out-Door-Unit
Oe oersted
OE Outlook Express
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OEI Original Equipment Installer
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OEO Opto-Electronic Oscillator
OES NASA Office of Earth Science
OFI Optical Flux Index
OGCM Ocean General Circulation Model
OGCM Ocean Global Circulation Model
OGLE Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment
OGT Observatoire Geodesique de Tahiti, French Polynesia
OH Ohio
OH Ohio State University Radio Survey Catalog
OHB Orbitale Hochtechnologie Bremen, Germany
OHP Ocean Hemisphere Project, Japan
OICETS Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite
OIML International Organization of Legal Metrology (Fr. Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale)
OJSC Open Joint Stock Company
OK Oklahoma
Okla. Oklahoma
OL Ocean Loading
OLE Object Linking and Embedding
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
OLG Observatory Lustbuehel Graz, Austria
OLIVE Optically LInked VLBI Experiment
OLP Open License Program
OLPC One Laptop Per Child
OLR Outgoing Longwave Radiation (meteorology)
OM Oman (ISO code)
OMB U.S. President's Office of Management and Budget
OMC Observed Minus Computed
OMG Object Management Group
OMTI Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imager
ONP On-site Normal Point
ONR Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA
OO Object-Oriented (programming)
OO Open Office
OOA Object-Oriented Analysis (programming)
OOD Object-Oriented Design (programming)
OOK On/Off Key modulation
OOo OpenOffice.org
OOO Out Of Office
OOPC Ocean Observations Panel for Climate
OOSA UN Office for Outer Space Affairs
OPA Overseas Publishers Association
OPA Paris Observatory (Fr. Observatoire de Paris), France
OPAR Paris Observatory (Fr. Observatoire de Paris), France
OPC IVS Observing Program Committee
OPC OLE for Process Control
OPD Observatorio do Pico dos Dias, Brazil
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
OpenMP Open Multi Processing
OPERA Operational Programme for the Exchange of weather RAdar information
Oph Ophiuchus (constellation)
OPI Option Programming Interface
OPM U.S. Office of Personnel Management
OPML Outline Processor Markup Language
Opt. Optics
OPUS NGS/NOAA Online Positioning User Service, USA
OR Olympic Record
OR Oregon
ORCID Open Researcher and Contributor
ORD GPS Operational Requirements Document
Ore. Oregon
OREGIN Organization of European GNSS equipment and service Industries
ORFEUS Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology
ORFEUS Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer
ORI Ocean Research Institute, Tokio University, Japan
Ori Orion (constellation)
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
ORRLAS Orroral Laser Station, Australia
ORSA Orbit Reconstruction, Simulation and Analysis
ORT Ooty Radio Telescope, India
ORT Optical Ranging Telescope
OS Galileo Open Service
OS Operating System
OSACA Orion Spiral Arm CAtalog
OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation, USA
OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
OSF Open Software Foundation
OSGB Ordinance Survey of Great Britain
OSHA U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSI Open Source Initiative
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSIRIS Origins Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security
OSIRIS-REx Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer
OSL Open Software License
OSM On-Screen Manager
OSO Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
OSPF Orbitography and Synchronization Processing Facility (Galileo)
OSRT Ooty Synthesis Radio telescope, India
OSS Orbitography and Synchronization Station (Galileo)
OST U.S. Office of the Secretary of Transportation
OSTA Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications
OSTC Federal office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, Belgium
OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy, USA
OSTST Ocean Surface Topography Science Team
OSU Ohio State University, OH, USA
OT Officer Trainee
OT Overtime (sport)
OTAGO University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ
OTAM Oceanic Tidal Angular Momentum
OTF On-The-Fly
OTF Optical Transfer Function
OTI Obligations To Income
OTL Ocean Tide Loading
OTN2004 Ojha-Tamura-Nakajima 2004
OTOH On The Other Hand
OTT Onsala Twin-Telescope, Sweden
OTTER NASA Oregon, Transect Ecosystem Research Project
OUAT Olsztyn University of Agriculture and Technology, Poland
OUP Oxford University Press
OUS Oregon University System, OR, USA
OVLBI Orbiting VLBI, Green Bank, WV, USA
OVN Austrian Institute of Navigation (Ger. Osterreichischer Verein für Navigation)
OVRO Owens Valley Radio Observatory, CA, USA
OVV Optically Violent (Violently) Variable (quasar)
OWI Open World Interface
OWK2005 Oey-Watson-Kern 2005
OWL Object Windows Library
OWL OverWhelmingly Large telescope
oz ounce
p. page
p. part
p. participle
p. past
P Pawn (chess)
P Penalty (sport)
P Pluto
P poise
P. President
P2P Peer-to-Peer
P3P Platform for Privacy Preference
P4P Perspective 4 Point problem
PA Panama (ISO code)
Pa pascal
PA Pennsylvania
p.a. per year (Lat. per annum)
PA Photoelectric Astrolabe
PA Points Against (sport)
PA Power Amplifier
P.A. Power of Attorney
PAA Phase Array Antenna
PACS Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme
PA&E NASA Program Analysis and Evaluation Office
PAD Packet Assembler-Disassembler
PAD Photon Avalanche Diode
PAF Phased Array Feed
PAFB Patrick Air Force Base, USA
PAGEOS PAssive Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PAK Product Authorization Key
PAL Phase Alternation Line (TV)
PAL-V Personal Air and Land Vehicle
PALSAR Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (Japan)
PAMELA Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics
PAN Personal Area Network
PAN Polish Academy of Sciences (Pol. Polska Akademia Nauk)
PANDORA Programs for AstroNomical Data Organization Reduction and Analysis (IASF, Italy)
PANGA Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array, USA
Pan-STARRS Panoramic Survey Telescope And Rapid Response System, University of Hawaii
PAR Precision Approach Radar
PARASOL Polarization & Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar
PARCS Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space
Paribas Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas
PARNASSUS Processing Application in Reference to NICT's Advanced Set of Softwares Usuable for Synchronization
PARSEC Programmable Automatic Radial-Scanner Coordinatometer
PAS Polish Academy of Sciences
PASA Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
PAS Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
PASP Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
PASSCAL Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere, USA
PATA Parallel ATA
PATWAS Pilots' Automatic Telephone Weather Answering System
PAU Physics of the Accelerating Universe survey
Pav Pavo (constellation)
PB Palomar-Berger Faint Blue Stars Catalog
PB Personal Best (sport)
PB Petabyte
PBC Playback Control
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving), the Netherlands
PBMR Push-Broom Microwave Radiometer
PBO Plate Boundary Observatory
PBW Petabytes Written
PBX Private Branch eXchange
P.C. Page charge
pc parsec
PC IERS Product Center
PC Personal Computer
PC Physical Contact (connector)
PC Principal Component
P.C. Privy Council
PC Program Committee
PCA Principal Component Analysis
PCal Phase Calibration
PCCIP President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, USA
PCE Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (journal)
PCF Process Control File
PCFS PC Field System
PCGIAP UN Permanent Committee for Geographic Information systems Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (Personal Computer Interconnect)
PCL HP Printer Command Language
PCM Phase-Change Memory
PCM Pulse-Code-Modulated
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International (Interface) Association
PCMDI Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
PCS Personal Communication Services
PCS Portable Calibration Standard
pct. percent
PCU Power Control Unit
PCV Phase Center Variation
PCX PC Paintbrush
PD Path Delay
PD Photodiode
PD Photometrische (Potsdam) Durchmusterung
PD Police Department
PDA Personal Digital Assistant (hand-held computer)
PDC Primary Domain Controller
PDE Partial Differential Equation
PDF Portable Document Format
PDF Probability Density Function
PDF Probability Distribution Function
PDL Perl Data Language
PDL Program Design Language
PDM Phase Dispersion Minimization
PDO Pacific Decadal Oscillation
PDOP Position Dilution of Precision
PDP Photometrische (Potsdam) Durchmusterung Polar
PDP Programable Data Processor
PDR Photon Dominated Region
PDR Preliminary Design Review
PDS NASA Planetary Data System
PDT U.S. Pacific Daylight Time (UTC - 7h)
PE Peru (ISO code)
PE Photo-electron
P.E. Physical Education
PE Polyethylene
P.E. Probable Error
P.E. Professional Engineer
PECASE Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers, USA
PEF Project Estimates Form
Peg Pegasus (constellation)
PEG Project Executive Group
PÉGASE Projet d'Étude des GAlaxies par Synthese Evolutive
PEKA Tide gauges and Caucasus (Ger. PEgel and KAukasus)
Penn. Pennsylvania
Penna. Pennsylvania
PEP Planetary Ephemeris Program
PEPI Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (journal)
Per Perseus (constellation)
PERANSO PERiod ANalysis SOftware
PersAY Personal Astronomical Yearbook
PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique
PET Pico Event Timer
PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
PET Positron Emission Tomography
PETF Polyethylene Terephthalate Film
PeV peta electron volt
PF French Polynesia (ISO code)
PF Photo finish (sport)
PF Points For (sport)
PF Processing Factor (VLBI)
PFA Principal Factor Analysis
PFB Filter Bank Mode (VLBI)
PFCN Prograde Free Core Nutation
PFORT Portable FORTran
PFS Primary Frequency Standard
PFSG ILRS Prediction Format Study Group
PG Papua New Guinea (ISO code)
PG Parental Guidance
PG Palomar-Green survey
Pg. Portuguese
PG Program Group
PGA Professional Golfers' Association
PGA Professional Graphics Adapter
PGC NRCan Pacific Geoscience Center, Canada
PGC Preliminary General Catalog
PGE Platinum Group Elements
PGF Pacific GPS Facility, Hawaii
PGF Peter Gruber Foundation
PGGA Permanent GPS Geodetic Array, Southern California, CA, USA
PGR PostGlacial Rebound
PGS Prompt Global Strike
PH Philippines (ISO code)
ph phot
pH potential of Hydrogen
PHA Potentially Hazardous Asteroids
PHASE PHotometry Assisted Spectral Extraction
PHASES Planet Hunting and Asteroseismology Explorer Spectrophotometer
Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy (Lat. Philosophiae Doctor)
Phe Phoenix (constellation)
Phil. Philosophy
PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
Phys. Physical
Phys. Physics
PI Principal Investigator
PI Private Investigator
PiB pebibyte (2^50 bytes = 1024 tebibytes)
Pic Pictor (constellation)
PIC Picture Image Compression
PIC Pilot-In-Command
PICES North Pacific Marine Science Organisation (north Pacific ICES)
PID Process ID
PIF Program Information File
PII Personally (Personal) Identifiable (Identifying) Information
PII Publisher (Publication) Item Identifier
PILOT Pathfinder for an International Optical Telescope
PIM Parametrized Ionospheric Model
PIN Personal Identification Number
PIVEX Platform Independent VLBI Exchange format
PJSC Public Joint Stock Company
PK Pakistan (ISO code)
PKC Product Key Card
PKCS Public-Key Cryptography System
PKI Public Key Infrastructure (cryptography)
PKK Kurdistan Workers' Party (Kurdish Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê)
PKS Parks Radio Sources Catalog
pkwy Parkway
pky Parkway
PL Phillips Laboratory, USA
Pl. Place
pl. Plurar
PL Poland (ISO code)
P/L Proprietary Limited company (Australia)
PL/1 Programming Language 1
PLA Programmable Logic Array
PLANET Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork
PLC Power Line Communication
p.l.c. Public Limited Company
Pld Matches played (sport)
PLDS Pilot Land Data System
PLFV Possible Low Frequency Variable
PLIA Planetary Laboratory for Image Analysis
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PLM Payload Module
PL/M Programming Language for Microprocessors
PLO Palestine Liberation Organization
PLR Planetary Laser Ranging
PLP Packet Layer Protocol
PLS Partial Least Squares
Pls Please
Plz Please
PM Phase Modulation
PM Polar Motion
p.m. after noon (Lat. post meridiem)
PM Program Manager
PM Prime Minister
PM Proper Motion
PM St. Pierre and Miquelon (ISO code)
PMC Photoelectric Meridian Circle
PMC Polar Mesospheric Cloud
PMFS Proper Motions of Fundamental Stars catalog
PMID PubMed Identifier PubMed Unique Identifier)
PMM Precision Measuring Machine (USNO)
PMN Parkes-MIT-NRAO radio survey
PMNM Parkes-MIT-NRAO Map radio catalogue
PMO Purple Mountain Observatory, China
PMRF Pacific Missile Range Facility
PMS Pre Main Sequence
PMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
PMT Photo-Multiplier Tube
PMT Pulkovo Meridian Telescope
PM-X X-coordinate of Polar Motion
PM-Y Y-coordinate of Polar Motion
PN Pitcairn (ISO code)
PN Planetary Nebula (Nebulae)
PN Post-Newtonian
PN Pseudo Noise
PNA Personal Navigation Assistant
PNA Post-Newtonian Approximation
PND Personal Navigation Device
PND Portable Navigation Device
PNe Planetary Nebulae
PNG Portable Network Graphics
PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface
PnP Plug aNd Play
PnP Perspective n-Point Problem
PNR Personal Name Record
PNS Peripheral Nervous System
PNS (also PN.S) Planetary Nebula Spectrograph
PNT Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
P.O. Post Office
POC Point Of Contact
POCM Parallel Ocean Climate Model
p.o.d. pay on delivery
POD Precise (Precision) Orbit Determination
PoE Power over Internet
POE Precise Orbit Ephemerides
POES NOAA Polar-Orbiting Environmental System (Satellite)
POINTS Precision Optical INTerferometer in Space
Pol. Polish
POL Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Liverpool, UK
POLAC Paris Observatory Lunar Analysis Center
POLARIS POLar motion Analysis by Radio Interferometric Surveying
POLDER POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances
POLSA Polish Space Agency
POLSSM Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Storm Surge Model
POMME POtsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth
POP Package-Oriented Programming
pop. Population
POP Post Office Protocol
Port. Portuguese
POS Portable Operating System
POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
POSS Palomar Observatory Sky Survey
POST Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking project
POTS Plain Old Telephone System (Service)
pp. pages
pp. past participle
p.p. per person
PP Pilot Project
PP PolyPropylene
PP Power Play (ice hockey)
ppb parts-per-billion, 10-9
PPC Pocket PC
PPET Portable Pico-second Event Timer
PPGN Primary Precise Geodetic Network, Japan
PPM Pacific Plate Motion program
ppm parts-per-million, 10-6
PPM Positions and Proper Motions catalog
PPME Pacific Plate Motion Experiment
PPN Post-Post-Newtonian
PPN Parametrized Post-Newtonian
PPOSS Physical Parameters of Solar System Objects
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPP Public Private Partnership
PPRA Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment
PPS. additional postscript (Lat. Post postscriptum)
PPS Paper Processing System
PPS Power Point Show
PPS Precise Positioning Service
pps pulse per second
ppt parts-per-thousand, 10-3
PPTA Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
PR PseudoRange
PR Public Relations
PR Puerto Rico (ISO code)
PRAIA Platform for Reduction of Astronomical Images Automatically
PRAM Phase-change Random Access Memory
PRAMM Planning Research Analysis Marketing and Management firm, USA
PRAO Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory, Russia
PPARC Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, UK
PRARE Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment
PRC People's Republic of China
PRC Public Relation Center
PREM Preliminary Reference Earth Model
PRF Personal Resources Form
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PRIC Polar Research Institute of China
PRIDE Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment
PRIMA Phase Referenced Imaging and Micro-arcsecond Astrometry (VLTI)
PRIMUS PRIsm MUlti-object Survey
PRISM Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (Japan)
PRL Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
PRM Persons with Reduced Mobility
PRN Pseudo Random Noise
PRN Pseudo Random Number
PRND Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive
PRO Parkes Radio Observatory, Australia
Proc. Proceedings
Prof. Professor
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
PRR Print Request Router
PRS Galileo Public Regulated Service
PRT Processing Reference Time (VLBI correlation)
ps Picosecond
PS Polystyrene
PS PostScript
PS. Postscript (Lat. Postscriptum)
PS Power Supply
Ps. Psalm
PS Pulkovo Stars
PsA Piscis Austrlinus (constellation)
PSA Prostate-Specific Antigen
Psc Pisces (constellation)
PSC IRAS Point Source Catalog
PSD Post-Seismic Deformation
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSF Point Spread Function
PSG Paris Saint Germain football club
PSI Packetnet Systems Interface
psi pound per square inch
PSI Principia Scientific International
PSK Phase Shift Keying
PSLR Portable Satellite Laser Ranging System, Latvia
PSMSL POL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Liverpool, UK
PSN Piano Spazial Nazionale, Italy
PSO Penalty Shoot-Out (sport)
PSP PlayStation Portable
PSP Poisson Series Processor
PSR Pulsar
PSRS Patient Safety Reporting System, USA
PST U.S. Pacific Standard Time (UTC - 8h)
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
pt. part
PT Partition Table
PT "Physics Today"
PT Playback Terminal
PT Portugal (ISO code)
PTA Pulsar Timing Array
PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschgweig, Germany
PTC Pacific Telecommunications Council
PTC Positive Train Control program, USA
PT&F Precise Time and Frequency
PTI Parkes-Tidbinbilla real-time Interferometer, Australia
PTI Payment To Income
PTI Photoelectric Transit Instrument
PTP Picture Transfer Protocol
PTRF Probability Theory and Related Fields (journal)
Pts Points (sport)
PTS Precision Timing Station (Galileo)
PTTI Precise Time and Time Interval
Pty. Proprietary
Publ. Publication(s)
PUK Personal Unblocking Key
PUMA Portable University Model of the Atmosphere, Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg, Germany
Pup Puppis (constellation)
PURL Persistent Uniform Resource Locator
PVC PolyVinyl Chloride
PVLAS Polarizzazione del Vuoto con LASer
PVM Parallel Virtual Machine
PVO Pioneer Venus Orbiter
PW Palau (ISO code)
PWN Pulsar Wind Nebula
PWNe Pulsar Wind Nebulae
PWR Power
PWS Personal Web Server
PWS Present Weather System (EUMETNET program)
PWV Precipitable Water Vapor
PY Paraguay (ISO code)
Pyx Pyxis (constellation)
PZT Photographic Zenith Tube
Q Qualified for next round (sport)
Q Quarter
Q Queen (chess)
Q. Question
QA Qatar (ISO code)
QA Quality Assurance
Q&A Questions and Answers
QASP Quality Assurance Program (EVN/JIVE)
QBO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
QBSA Quarterly Bulletin of Solar Activity
QC Quality Control (Quality Check)
QCD Quantum ChromoDynamics
QDSS Quick Daily Sky Survey
QE Quantum Efficiency
Q.E.D. which was to be demonstrated/shown/proved (Lat. quod erat demonstrandum)
Q.E.F. which was to have been done (Lat. quod erat faciendum)
QEM Quality Education for Minorities program, USA
QEMM Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager
QFC Quality Food Centers
QFO Quasi-Featureless Objects
QG Quasi-Geostrophic
QIF Quasi Ionosphere Free
QISAM Queued Indexed Sequential Access Method
QL Quick-Look
QLDAC DUT Quick-Look Data Analysis Center
QLNP Quick-Look Normal Point (SLR)
QMCP Quadrant MicroChannel Plate
QoS Quality of Service
QPO Quasi-Periodic Oscillation
QR Quick Response (code)
QRT Quasi-Real Time
QSAM Queued Sequential Access Method
QSO QuasiStellar Object (quasar)
qty. quantity
QUAKES Queensland University Advanced Centre for Earthquake Studies, University of Queensland, Australia.
QUASAR QUantitative Analysis and Series Adjustment in Radioastrometry
QuASAR Quantum-Assisted Sensing and Readout
QUIET Q/U Imaging ExperimenT
q.v. which see (Lat. Quod vide)
QVADIS Quantum Vacuum Astrometric Detection In Solar system
QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, Japan
R Are
R Reaumur
R Red
R. Republican (a member of the Republic Party)
R Resistance
R. Road
R Rook (chess)
R. Royal
R2 Robonaut
RA Radar Altimeter
RA RadioAstron
RA Right Ascension
RAA Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (journal)
rad Radian
RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging
RAEGE Red Atlántica de Estaciones Geodinámicas y Espaciales
RAFCAP Radio Astronomy Frequency Committee in the Asia Pacific region
RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk
RAIDS Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System
RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
RAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
RAM Random Access Memory
RAMAC Random-Access Memory Automatic Computer
RAMOD Relativistic Astrometric MODel
RAO Radio Astronomy Observatory
RAoE Royal Academy of Engineering, UK
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
RARR Range And RangeRate
RAS Remote Access Services
RAS Royal Astronomical Society, UK
RAS Russian Academy of Sciences
RASA Russian American Scientists Association
RASA Russian-speaking Academic Science Association
RASCAL RASter Scanning Airborne Lidar
RASNZ Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand
RASS ROSAT All-Sky Survey
RASS-FSC ROSAT All-Sky Survey Faint Source Catalogue
RATAN Radio Telescope of Academy of Sciences (Rus. RAdioTelescop Akademii Nauk)
RAVE RAdial Velocity Experiment
RBC Revised Bologna Catalog
RBR Red Bull Racing (Formula 1)
RBS ROSAT Bright Survey
RC Red Clump
R/C Replacement Civil (GPS code)
RC Release Candidate
RC Resistance-Capacitance
RCFC&WCD Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, USA
RCMA IAU WG on Relativity for Celestial Mechanics and Astrometry
RCMAM IAU WG on Relativity for Celestial Mechanics and Metrology
RCP Right Circular Polarization
RCT Robotically Controlled Telescope
R&D Research and Development
Rd. Road
RDAAC Regional GPS Data Acquisition and Analysis Center on northern Eurasia, Moscow
RDAN Roosbeek Dehant Analytical Nutation
RDBE ROACH Digital Backend
RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System
RDC Regional Data Center
RDF Radioastron Data Format
RDF Resource Description Framework
RDML Rear Admiral (Lower Half)
RDNN Roosbeek Dehant Numerical Nutation
RDO Remote Data Objects
RDR Radioastron Data Recorder
RDS Remote Data Service
R&E Research and Education
RE Reunion (ISO code)
REASoN NASA Earth Science Research, Education and Applications Solutions Network program
REE Rare Earth Elements
REGAL Regional GPS Network Across Western Alps
REM Reference Earth Model
Rem. Remote
REML Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimator
REN REName
RENOIR Remote Equatorial Nighttime Observatory for Ionospheric Regions
Rep. Reports
Rep. Republican (a member of the Republic Party)
Reqd. Required
Res. Research
resp. Respectively
RESURS Earth Remote Sensing Satellite
Ret Reticulum (constellation)
ret. retired
REU Research Experiences for Undergraduates program (NSF, USA)
Rev. Reverend
Rev. Review
RF Radio Frequency
R.F. Russian Federation
RFBR Russian Foundation for Basic Research
RFC Request for Comments
RFC Remote Flow Control
RFCN Retrograde Free Core Nutation
RFE Radio Free Europe
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RFI Request For Information
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
RFP Request For Proposal
RFQ Request For Quote
RFS Remote File Sharing (UNIX file system)
RFWG IGS Reference Frame Working Group
RG Red Giant
RGB Red Giant Branch
RGB Red-Green-Blue
RGC Russian Guild of Cinematographers
RGNA Red Geodesica Nacional Activa, Mexico
RGO Royal Greenwich Observatory, UK
RGOLAS RGO Laser System, Herstmonso, UK
RHC Right-Hand Circular polarization
RHCP Right-Hand Circular Polarization
RHESSI NASA Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager spacecraft (formerly HESSI)
RHP Revised Harvard Photometry, the same as HR
RHS Right Hand Side
RI Rhode Island
RICE Regional Information CEnter
RIG Research Institute of Geodesy, Geodetic Observatory Pecny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic
RIGTC Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography, and Cartography
RIKEN Institute for Chemistry and Physics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
RIM Regional Ionosphere Map (Model)
RIMPAC Rim of the Pacific exercise
RIMS Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations (EGNOS)
RIN Royal Institute of Navigation, UK
RINEX Receiver INdependent EXchange format
RIP Lat. requiescat in pace (rest in peace)
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RIS Retroreflector in Space
RIS Raytheon Information Systems, Upper Marlboro, MD, USA
RISAT Radar Imaging Satellite
RISC RadioAstron International Science Council
RISC Reduced Instruction-Set Computer
RISDE Russian Institute of Space Device Engineering
RISE Radio Interferometry for SElenodesy project, Japan
RISM Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, China
RITSS Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services, USA
RJES Russian Journal of Earth Sciences
RJGC Royal Jordanian Geographic Center, Jordan
RJW2007 Ruch-Jones-Woodward 2007
RL Radio Liberty
RL Radio-Loud
RLA Richardson-Lucy Algorithm
RLE Run Length Encoding
RLQ Radio-Loud Quasar
RLR Revised Local Reference
RLV Reusable Launch Vehicle
RM Reference Monument
RME Relay Mirror Experiment
RMS Root Mean Square(d)
RMSD Root Mean Square(d) Deviation
RMSE Root Mean Square(d) Error
RMT Reference Monument
RNA Remote Network Access
RNAAC IGS Regional Network Associate Analysis Center
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
RO Romania (ISO code)
ROA Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada, San Fernando, Spain
ROACH Reconfigurable Open Architecture Computing Hardware
ROAS Radio Optical Astrometric Sources
ROB Royal Observatory of Belgium (Fr. Observatoire Royal de Belgium), Brussels, Belgium
ROC Republic of China (Taiwan)
R.O.C.S. Reminerazing Oral Care Systems
ROE Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, UK
ROEN Radio-Observatorio Espacial do Nordeste, Brazil
RoHS Restrictions on the use of Hazardous Material (European Community directive)
ROLSS Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar studies
ROM Read-Only Memory
RORF Radio Optical Reference Frame
RORS Radio Optical Reference System
ROS Rain-On-Snow
ROSA Radio Occultation for Sounding the Atmosphere
ROSA Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere
ROSAT X-ray satellite (Ger. RÖntgenSATellit)
ROSES NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences
ROT Requested Observe Time (VSI)
ROTSE Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment
RP Recurrence Plot
RPA Rapid Prototype Array (ATA)
RPC Remote Procedure Call
RPG Report Program Generator
RPI Real Property Inventory
RPIN Russian Public Institute of Navigation
RPM Research Performance Measurement
rpm revolutions per minute
rps revolutions per second
RQ Radio-Quiet
RQA Recurrence Quantification Analysis
RQE Responsive Quantum Efficiency
RQQ Radio-Quiet Quasar
RR Rear Row
RR Rolls-Royce
RRA RetroReflector Array
RRE Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, UK
RRF Radio Reference Frame
RRFID USNO Radio Reference Frame Image Database
RRL Radio Research Laboratories, Japan (now CRL)
RRS Radio Reference Stars
RRS Roy-Rao-Subrahmanyan
RRV Reid-Readhead-Vermeulen VLBA Radio source
RS Radio Source
RS Reference System
RS Serbia (ISO code)
RSA Russian Space Agency
RSAT Relay Satellite Transponder (SELENE)
RSC Radio Source Coordinates
RSCI Russian Science Citation Index
RSE Reference System Effect
RSEM Remote Scanning Electron Microscopy
RSG Red SuperGiant
RSMAS Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
RSN Real Soon Now
RSP Research and Sponsored Program(s)
RSRE Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, UK
RSS Really Simple Syndication (RDF Site Summary, Rich Site Summary)
RSSA Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, MSSSO, Australia
RSU Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
RSVP Please Reply (Fr. Répondez S'il Vous Plaît)
RSVP Resource ReserVation Protocol
RSX Resource Sharing Executive (operating system)
RT Radio Telescope
RT "Russia Today"
RT Real Time
RT Recording Terminal
RT MRAO Ryle Telescope
RTAI Real Time Application Interface
RTC Real Time Clock
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services, USA
RTCP Real-Time Control Protocol
RTD Research and Technological Development
RTK Real Time Kinematics
RTL HP Raster Transfer Language
RTL Right-To-Left
RTM Release To Manufactures
RTML Remote Telescope Markup Language
RTN Research Training Network (European Commission)
RTP Real-Time Protocol
RTP Registered Traveller Program
RTT Round-Trip Time
RTW RadioTelescope Wettzell
RTWG IGS Real Time Working Group
RU Russian Federation (ISO code)
RuGBC Russian Green Building Council
RUNNet Russian UNiversity Network
Rus. Russian
RUSEG Russia/US Experiment on Geodynamics by GPS Technology
RV Radial Velocity
RV Recrational Vehicle
RVO Russian Virtual Observatory
RW Rwanda (ISO code)
RWC Reduced Width Correlator
RX Receiver
RXTE Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer
S Saturday
S. Saturn
s Second
S Siemens
S South
S Sunday
SA Selective Availability
sa semiannual
SA Saudi Arabia (ISO code)
SA South Africa
SA South America
SAA South Atlantic Anomaly
SAAO South African Astronomical Observatory
SABER Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry
SAC Astronomical Station of Cagliari (It. Stazione Astronomica di Cagliari, Italy
SAC Service Access Controller (UNIX)
SAC Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas
SAF Service Access Facility (UNIX)
SAFE San Andreas Fault Experiment
SAFRD South African Foundation for Research Development
SAGACE Spectroscopic Active Galaxies And Clusters Explorer
SAGE Small Advanced Geodetic E-VLBI system
SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment
SAI Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia
SAIC Science Applications International Corporation, Beltsville, MD, USA
SAIP South Africa Institute of Physics
S.A.It. Italian Astronomical Society (It. Società Astronomica Italiana)
SALP Altimetry and Precise Positionning Service (Fr. Service d'Altimetrie et Localisation Precise)
SALRO Saudi Arabian Laser Ranging Observatory, Riyahd, Saudi Arabia
SALSA Such A Lovely Small Antenna, Onsala, Sweden
SALT Southern African Large Telescope
SAM Sequential Access Method
SAMBA SAtellite to Measure Background Anisotropies
SAO Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, China
SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
SAO Special Astrophysical Observatory, N. Arkhys, Russia
SAPI Speech API
SAPOS SAtellite POsitioning Service, Germany
SAR Search And Rescue
SAR Specific Absorption Rate
SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
SAREX Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SAS Safety Access Service (Galileo)
SAS Scandinavian Airlines System
SAS Serial Attached SCSI
SAS Statistical Analysis System
Sat. Saturday
SAT Semi-Automatic Transmission
SAT Site Acceptance Test
SAT Stepped Atomic Time
SATA Serial ATA
SATA Student Avia Travel Association
SATAN SATellite ANalysis (RGO)
SATAN Satellite Automatic Tracking Antenna
SATIRE Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction
SATIRE-S Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction-Satellite era
SATRE SAtellite Time and Range Equipment
SATS NASA Small Aircraft Transportation System
SAVNET South America VLF Network
SAW Surface Acoustic Wave
S.B. Bachelor of Science (Lat. Scientiae Baccalaureus)
SB Season Best (sport)
SB Solomon Islands (ISO code)
SB Sound Blaster
SB Special Bureau
SB Spectral Binary
SB Spectroscopic Binary star
sb Stilb
SB SubBureau
SB1 Single-Lined Spectroscopic Binary star
SB2 Double-Lined Spectroscopic Binary star
SBA IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Atmosphere
SBAAM IERS SubBureau for Atmospheric Angular Momentum
SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System(s)
SBC IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Core
SBCS Single-Byte Character Set
SBD SingleBand Delay
SBG Satelliten Beobachtung Gerät (atsronomical camera)
SBGG IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Geocenter/Gravity
SBH IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Hydrology
SBI Same Beam Interferometry
SBI Short Baseline Interferometer
SBIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
SBL IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Loading
SBM IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Mantle
SBNC Small Bodies Names Committee
SBO IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Oceans
SB RAS Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
SBS Satellite Business Systems satellites
SBT IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Tides
sc. Science
SC Seychelles (ISO code)
SC Solar Cycle
SC South Carolina
S/C Spacecraft
SC Spacial Committee
SC Subcommission
SCAP NASA Strategic Capabilities Assets Program
SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
SCAR Shanghai Center for Astro-geodynamics Research, China
SCARIe Software Correlator Architecture Research and Implementation for e-VLBI
SCCS Source Code Control System (UNIX)
SCCF Satellite Constellation Control Facility (Galileo)
SCEC Southern California Earthquake Center, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
SCEG School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, UK
SCF Signal Control Facility (Galileo)
SCFCS ICSU Standing Committee on the Freedom in the Conduct of Science
SCG SuperConducting Gravimeter
sci. science
SCI Science Citation Index
SCI Systematic, Cybernetics and Informatics
SCIAMACHY SCanning Imaging Absorbtion spectrometer for AtMospheric CartograpHY
SCIE Science Citation Index Expanded
SciELO Scientific Electronic Library Online
SciEP Science and Education Publishing
SCIGN Southern California Integrated GPS Network
SCINDA Scintillation Network Decision Aid
Scl Sculptor (constellation)
SCLERA Santa Catalina Laboratory for Experimental Relativity by Astrometry
SCM Software Configuration Management
SCO Santa Cruz Operation
Sco Scorpius (constellation)
SCOR Scientific Committee on Ocean Researches
SCORE Systemic COronary Risk Evaluation
SCORPIO Spectral Camera with Optical Reducer for Photometric and Interferometric Observations
SCOSTEP Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics
SCP Supernova Cosmology Project
SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SCT Scotland
Sct Scutum (constellation)
SCUBA Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array, JCMT
SCup UEFA Super Cup
SCUSS South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey
SD Single Density
SD Single-Depth (GPS antenna)
SD Single Difference
SD South Dakota
SD Standard Definition
SD Standard Deviation
SD Sudan (ISO code)
SD Sullivan - Downes
SDA Secure Digital Association
SDA Seventh-Day Adventist
S.Dak. South Dakota
sdB Subdwarf B star
SDCE Software Development Capability Evaluations
SDHC Secure Digital High Capacity
SDIO Strategic Defence Initiative Organization, USA
SDK Software Development Kit
SDLC Synchronous Data Link Communication
SDO Solar Dynamics Observatory
SDR Standard Dimension Ratio
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDSC San Diego Supercomputer Center
SDSS Sloan Digital Sky Survey
SDU Departement des Sciences de l'Univers, INSU
SE Search Engine
SE Southeast
SE Stock Exchange
SE Sweden (ISO code)
SEAC European Society for Astronomy in Culture (Fr. Société Européenne pour l'Astronomie dans la Culture)
SEAP U.S. Civilian Employee Assistance Program
SEARCH Study of Earth-Atmosphere Rapid Changes
SEATO South-East Asia Treaty Organization
sec Second
SEC Secondary Electron Conductivity
Sec. Secretary
SEC NOAA Space Environment Center, Boulder, CO, USA
SECAM Systeme Electronique Couleur Avec Memoire
SED Spectral Energy Distribution
sed stream editor (Unix)
SEEDS Strategy for the Evolution of ESE Data Systems, NASA
SeeMe Space Enabled Effects for Military Engagements
SEFD System Equivalent Flux Density
SEG Society of Exploration Geophysicists
SEGUE Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration
SEI Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA , USA
SEL Software Engineering Laboratory, GSFC, CSC, UM, USA
SELENE SELenological and ENgineering Explorer project, Japan
SELF SEa Level Fluctuations (in the Medterranean)
SELV Safely Extra-Low Voltage
Sen. Senator
SENH NASA Solid Earth and Natural Hazards program
Sens. Sensing
SENTO CENtral Treaty Organization
SEO Search Engine Optimization
Sep September
SEP Strong Equivalence Principle
SEPS European Secretariat for Scientific Publications (It. Segretariato Europeo per le Pubblicazioni Scientifiche), Italy
Ser. Series
Ser Serpens (constellation)
SERC Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
SERIES Satellite Emission Radio Interferometric Earth Surveying (Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying)
SESAM SEmiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors
SEST Swedish-ESO Submillimeter Telescope
SESWG NASA Solid Earth Science Working Group
SETI Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence
SEVAN Space Environment Viewing and Analysis Network
SEWP Scientific and Engineering Workstation Procurement
Sex Sextans (constellation)
SF Scale Factor
SF Science Fiction
SF Semi-Final (sport)
SF Square Feet (Foot)
SF2A French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Fr. Société Française d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique)
SFA San Fernando Monument Information
SFCSIC Coordinational Scientific Information Center of the Russian Ministry of Defence
SFF Small Form Factor
SFG Star-Forming Galaxy
SFI Solar Flux Index
SFR Star Formation (Forming) Rate
SFR Star Formation (Forming) Region
SFSA French Society of Professional Astronomers (Fr. Société Française des Spécialistes d'Astronomie)
SFX SelF-eXtracting (file archive)
SG Secretary General
SG Signal Generator
SG Singapore (ISO code)
SG Superconducting Gravimeter
SGAPO Space Geodesy and Altimetry Projects Office
SGB Sub-Giant Branch
Sge Sagitta (constellation)
SGF Space Geodesy Facility, UK
SGGS NASA/JPL Satellite Geodesy and Geodynamics Systems Group
SGI Silicon Graphics Image
SGI Silicon Graphics, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
SGL CRESTech Space Geodynamics Laboratory, Canada
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGMS Space Geodetic Measurement Sites
SGP Space Geodesy Project
Sgr Sagittarius (constellation)
SGR Soft Gamma-ray Repeater
SGRN Slovak Geodynamic Reference Network
Sgt. Sergeant
S&H Shipping & Handling
SH Southern Hemisphere
SH St. Helena (ISO code)
SHAGAP SHAnghai observatory GPS Analysis Program
SHAR Shell Archiver
SHAO SHanghai Astronomical Observatory, China
SHARC SHarc Acquires Receiver Contents (GPS software)
SHARC Super Harvard Architecture Computer
SHeGs Superfluid Helium Gyroscope
SHELS Smithsonian Hectospec Lensing Survey
SHEVE Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experiment
SHI Software House International
SHO Simosato Hydrographic Observatory, Japan
SHOLAS Simosato Laser Station, Japan
SHORD SHanghai observatory ORbit Determination
SHS SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey, ROE, UK
SI International System of Units (Fr. Systeme International)
SI Slovenia (ISO code)
SI Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
SI Special Issue
SI Spectral Index
SI Structure Index
SIAM Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, USA
SBIRS Space Based Infrared System
SIC Solid Inner Core
SIC Standard Industrial Code
SIDC Solar Influences Data analysis Center, ROB, Belgium
SIDC Sunspot Index Data Centre
SIF Site Information Form (IGS)
SigSpec Significance Spectrum
SIM NASA/JPL Space Interferometry Mission
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SIMB Service d'Installation et de Maintenance des Balises DORIS, CNES, Toulouse, France
SIMBAD Set of Identifications, Measurements Bibliography for Astronomical Data
SIMD Single Instruction Multiply Data
SIMFOV SIMulation Field Of View software
SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module
SINET Science Information NETwork, Japan
SINEX Solution (Software/technique) INdependent EXchange format
SINGS Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey
SINS Strapdown Inertial Navigation System
SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA
SIP SIO Predicted orbit
SIP Statistically Improbable Phrase (Amazon)
SIR SCImago Institutions Rankings
SIRAL SAR/Interferometric Radar Altimeter (CryoSat mission)
SIRIUS Spiiras Interface for Recognition and Integral Understanding of Speech
SIRGAS (till 2001) South American Geocentric Reference System (Pg. Sistema de Referencia Geocéntrico para América del Sur)
SIRGAS (since 2001) Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (Pg. Sistema de Referencia Geocéntrico para Las Américas)
SIRS Southern International Reference Stars
SIRTF NASA Space InfraRed Telescope Facility (Shuttle InfraRed Telescope Facility)
SIS Scanning Imaging Spectroradiometer
SIS Signal-In-Space (EGNOS)
SIS Software Interface Specification
SISA Signal-In-Space Accuracy (EGNOS)
SISRE Signal-In-Space Range Errors
SISRE Swiss Institute of Science, Research and Engineering
SIT Silicon Intensified Target
SITA Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques
SIU Smart Internet Usage
SJ Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (ISO code)
SJR Scimago Journal Rank
SK Norwegian Mapping Authority (Norw. Statens Kartwerk), Norway
SK Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (ISO code)
SKA Square Kilometer Array (radio telescope project)
SL Sierra Leone (ISO code)
SL Sport und Leicht (Mercedes car class)
SLA Sea Level Anomalies
SLA Service Level Agreement
SLACS Sloan Lens ACS survey.
SLA Shuttle Laser Altimeter
SLC Space Launch Complex
SLF Shuttle Landing Facility
SLI NASA Space Launch Initiative
SLICER Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery
SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol
SLOC Source Lines Of Code
SLR Satellite Laser Ranging
SLR Single-Lens Reflex camera
SLS Space Launch System
SLS Softlanding Linux System
SM San Marino (ISO code)
SMA SubMillimeter Array (SAO, ASIAA)
SMART Stretched Mesh Attached to Rope Trusses (radio telescope back-up structure)
SMART Sub-Millimeter ARray of Taiwan (ASIAA)
SMB Server Message Block
SMB Small and Media Business
SMBH Super Massive Black Hole
SMC Small Magellanic Cloud
SMCDS NASA Space Mission Communications and Data Services
SMD NASA's Science Mission Directorate
SMEX NASA SMall EXplorer satellite program
SMBH SuperMassive Black Hole
SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SMP South Magnetic Pole
SMP Symmetric Multi-Processor
SMS Satellite Media (Message) Services
SMS Short Messaging System
SMS Systems Management Server
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMVA Space Millimeter VLBI Array
SN Senegal (ISO code)
S/N Serial Number
SN SuperNova
SNAP Satellite Navigation & Positioning Laboratory, Australia
SNAP Standard Notation for Astronomical Procedures (FS command language)
SNAP SuperNova / Acceleration Probe
SNARF Stable North American Reference Frame
SNG SuomiNet Geodetic
SNHT Standard Normal Homogeneity Test
SNI Type I SuperNova
SNII Type II SuperNova
SNIP Source Normalized Impact per Paper
SNLS SuperNova Legacy Survey
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNNS Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SNR SuperNova Remnant
SNREI Spherically symmetric, Non-Rotating, Elastic, Isotropic (Earth model)
SNRVI Spherically symmetric, Non-Rotating, Visco-elastic, Isotropic (Earth model)
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol
SO Somalia (ISO code)
SO Southern Oscillation (meteorology)
SOAP Single Operator Automation System
SOC Scientific Organizing Committee
Soc. Society
SOD CNES Service d'Orbitographie DORIS
SOD Site Occupation Designator
SODIMM Small Outline DIMM
SOEST School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, USA
SOFA Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy
SOFIA NASA Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy
SOHO ESA/NASA SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory mission
SOI Solar Oscillations Investigation
SOI Southern Oscillation Index (meteorology)
SOI Survey of Israel
SOLAS Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study project
SOLIS Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (NSO)
SOLSTICE Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment
SONEL Système d'Observation du Niveau des Eaux Littorales
SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork, USA
SOOS Stacked Oscars on Scout (TRANSIT)
SOPAC SIO Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center, San Diego, CA, USA
SOPS Space Operations Squadron
SOR Starfire Optical Range, USA
SORBDT Satellite ORBit DeTerminator
SORCE SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment, NASA
SORT Solar Orbit Relativity Test
SOS Sasao-Okuba-Saito theory
SOS Save Our Souls (Save Our Ship, Stop Other Signals)
SOS-W Satellite Observing System Wettzell, Germany
SP Shore Patrol
SP Signal Processing
Sp. Space
Sp. Spanish
SP NASA STI Special Publication
sp spoon
SP Super Power (TM)
SPA Lat. Sanus per Aquam (health by water)
SPA Secure Password Authentication
SPAD Single Photon (Photoelectron) Avalanche Diode
SPADATS Space Detection And Tracking System
SPADES Stellar PArameters DEtermination Software
SPAM "Shoulder of Pork And Ham"
SPAN Space Physics Analysis Network
Span. Spanish
SPARC Scalable Processor ARChitecture
SPARC Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition
SPb St.Petersburg, Russia
SPBU St.Petersburg State University, Russia
SPC ESA Science Program Committee
SPC Super Physical Contact (connector)
SPD Ger. Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland
SPD Spectral Power Density
SPE Single Photo Electron
SPE Squared Prediction Error
SPF Sun Protection Factor
SPGN Secondary Precise Geodetic Network, Japan
SPGS Slovak Permanent GNSS Service
SPIE Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, then Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, then International Society for Optical Engineering, then just SPIE
SPIEF St. Petersburg International Economic Forum
SPIN Service Provider Identification Number
SPK Spacecraft and Planet Kernel (file format)
SPM Southern Proper Motion program
SPNLAS San Fernando Laser Station, Spain
SPO Secondary Public Offering
SPOT Satellite Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre
SPOT Système pour l'Observation de la Terre
SPOTS Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars
SPOTL Some Programs for Ocean-Tide Loading
SPP Solar Principal Plane
SPP Standard Parallel Port
SPRINT Standardized Platform for Radio Interferometry using Networked Telescopes
SPRINTmail SPRINT Mail (formerly TELEMAIL)
SPS Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Limited, India
SPS Sharepoint Portal Server
SPS Sigma Pi Sigma
SPS Solar Powered Satellite
SPS Sony Play Station
SPS Standard Positioning Service
SPT Satellite Positioning Technology
SPWG ILRS Signal Processing Working Group
sq. square
SQL Structured Query Language
Sr. Senior
SR Special Relativity
SR State Road
SR Suriname (ISO code)
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SRC-PAS Space Research Center of the Astrodynamical Observatory of the PAS
SRDC Shanghai Regional Data Center
SRG Special Rapporteur Group
SRG Special Research Group
SRI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
SRIF Square Root Information Filter
SRIFS Square Root Information Filter and Smoother
SRM Sowards-Emmerd - Romani - Michelson
SRNWP Short Range Numerical Weather Prediction
SRP Solar Radiation Pressure
SRP System Reference Point
SRP Suggested Retail Price
SRS Satellite Reference System
SRS Southern Reference Stars
SRS Stanford Research Systems, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
SRT Haystack Small Radio Telescope
SRT Sardinia Radio Telescope, Cagliari, Italy
SRT Space Radio Telescope
SRT Space Research Today (COSPAR bulletin)
SRT Special Relativity Theory
SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SS Single Sided (disk)
SS Solar System
SSA Seismological Society of America
SSA Singular Spectrum Analysis
SSAC ESA SPC Space Science Advisory Committee
SSAI Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
SSALTO Segment Sol multi-mission d'ALTimetrie, d'Orbitographie et de localisation precise
SSB Single Sideband
SSB Solar System Barycenter
SSBM Single SideBand Mixer
SSC Seismology Society of China
SSC Set of Station Coordinates
SSC SIRTF Science Center
SSC Spitzer Science Center
SSC Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
SSC Swedish Space Corporation (Sw. Svenska rymdaktiebolaget)
SSD Solar System Dynamics group, JPL, USA
SSD Solid State Drive
SSDP Doris/Poseidon ground segment (Fr. Segment Sol Doris/Poseidon)
SSDS NASA Space Science Data System
SSE Slow Slip Event
SSE South-Southeast
SSE SQL Server Express Edition
SSF Spatial Structure Function
SSF Spectral Space Fluctuations
SSFPO Space Station Freedom Project Office
SSG Special Study Group
SSH Sea Surface Height
SSHA Sea Surface Height Anomalies
SSI Server Side Includes
SSI Spectral Solar Irradiance
SSJ Seismological Society of Japan
SSJ Sukhoi SuperJet (airplane)
SSL Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
SSL Secure Socket Level
SSL Seismological Software Library
SSL MSFC Space Science Laboratory
SSMOC SOFIA Science and Mission Operation Center
SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
SSN Social Security Number
SSN Space Surveillance Network, USA
SSP Scientific Subroutines Package
SSPC Site specific phase corrections
SSRT Siberian Solar Radio Telescope
SSS Siding Springs Survey
SSS Simplified Spelling Society
SSS SOS for a Submarine Attack
SSS SuperCOSMOS Sky Surveys, ROE, UK
SST Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking
SST Sea Surface Temperature
SST Spitzer Space Telescope
SSTD Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
SSTL Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, GB
SSV Set of Station Velocities
SSW South-Southwest
SSWG ESA SPC Solar System Working Group
ST Sao Tome and Principe (ISO code)
St. Saint
ST Sidereal Time
S&T Science and Technology
S&T Sky and Telescope (journal)
ST Standard Time
St stokes
st. stone (weight measure)
st. street
ST5 NASA's Space Technology 5 spacecraft
STA Science and Technology Agency, Japan
sta. station
STALAS NASA/GSFC Stationary Laser Station (System)
STAR Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
S.T.A.R. Simultaneous Track And Record (CCD software)
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease
STD Standard Deviation
STDN NASA Satellite Tracking Data Network
STEC Slant Total Electron Content
ST-ECF Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
STEL Solar-Terrestrial Environment laboratory, Nagoya University, Japan
STELLA STELLar Activity, Izaña observatory, Tenerife, Spain
STELLA System To Estimate Latitude and Longitude Astronomically
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
STEP Space Test of the Equivalent Principle (LAEFF, Spain)
STEREO NASA Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory
STFC Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
STFT Short Time (Term) Fourier Transform
STI NASA Scientific and Technical Information
STIS Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST)
STJ Superconducting Tunnel Junction (imaging detector)
STM Science, Technology, Medicine
STOIC Spatial, Temporal and Orientation Information in Contested Environments
STR Saikia-Thomasson-Roy
STR Scientific Technical Report
str. street
STRaND Surrey Training, Research and Nanosatellite Demonstrator
STRF Science and Technology of Russian Federation
STS Space Transportation System (Space Shuttle), USA
STScI Space Telescope Science Institute
STSDAS Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System
STSP ESA Solar-Terrestrial Science Program
STWA Short Thin Wire Antenna
SU Seismic Unix software
SubG SubGiant
SUGAR Sumatran GPS Array
SUMSS Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey
Sun. Sunday
SUNSAT Stellenbosch University Satellite, South Africa
SUNY State University of New York
Sup'Aero Ecole Nationale Superieure de l'Aeronautique et de l'Espace, Toulouse, France
Suppl. Supplement
Supt. Superintendent
SUS Microsoft Software Update Services
S.u.S.E. Software and system development (Ger. Software- und System-Entwicklung, Germany (now SUSE Linux)
SUSI Sydney University Stellar Interferometer
SUSIM Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor
SUSY supersymmetry
SUT Slovak University of Technology
SV El Salvador (ISO code)
SV Space Vehicle
SvA Soviet Astronomy (journal)
SvAL Soviet Astronomy Letters (journal)
SVC Sky View Cafe
SVD Singular Value Decomposition
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
SVGA Super Video Graphics Adapter
SVID System V Interface Definition (UNIX)
SVLBI Space VLBI
SVN Subversion
SVO Spanish Virtual Observatory
SVOM Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Object Monitor
SvRAO Svetloe Radio Astronomical Observatory, Russia
S/W Software
SW Southwest
SWD Slant Wet Delay
SWEPOS Swedish Permanent GPS Network
SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
SWIRE NASA/IPAC SIRTF Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic Survey
SWITCH Spline and Wavelet Inverse Tikhonov regularized CHamp data
SWPC NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (formerly SEC), Boulder, CO, USA
SWT Science Working Team
SWT Statonary Wavelet Transform
SXAO Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, China
SY Sincerely Yours
SY Syrian Arab Republic (ISO code)
Symp. Symposium
SYRIUS IAA System Radio Interferometric Universal for Satellite observations
SYRTE SYstemes de Reference Temps Espace, Paris Observatory, France (formerly DANOF)
SZ Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
SZ Swaziland (ISO code)
T. Tablespoon
t. Teaspoon
T tesla
t ton (tonne)
T Tuesday
T Thursday
T T-shirt
T2L2 Time Transfer by Laser Link (Fr. Transfert de Temps Lien Laser)
Tabl. Table
TAC Technical Assistance Center
TAC Topcon America Corporation
TAC Totally Accurate Clock
TAC USNO Twin Astrographic Catalog
TACAN TACtical Air Navigation system
TACC Tracking and Control Center, Japan
TACS Tracking and Control Stations, Japan
TACSAT TActical Communications SATellite
TAD Teaching for Astronomy Development
TAI International Atomic Time (Fr. Temps Atomique International)
TAM Tidal Angular Momentum
TANAMI Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry
TanDEM TerraSAR-X Add-oN for Digital Elevation Measurements
TANJ There Ain't No Justice
TAO University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory
TAO Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
TAOS Taiwan-America Occultation Survey (Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey)
TAP Table Access Protocol
TAPI Telephony API
TAR Tape ARchiver
TAROT Rapid Action Telescopes for Transient Objects (Fr. Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires)
TASS Analytical Theory of the Satellites of Saturn (Fr. Théorie Analytique des Satellites de Saturne)
TAU Tel Aviv University
Tau Taurus (constellation)
TAUVEX Tel Aviv University UV Experiment
Tb Terabit
TB Terabyte
TBA To Be Announced
TBA To Be Approved
TBA To Be Arranged
TBA To Be Assigned
TBC To Be Confirmed
TBD To Be Determined
TBN The Banner Network
tbs. table spoon
TBS To Be Specified
tbsp. table spoon
Tbps Terabits per second
TBW Terabyte Written
TBW To Be Written
TC IERS Technical Center
TC Turks and Caicos Islands (ISO code)
TCA Total Cost of Acquisition
TCAS Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System
TCB Task Control Block
TCB Barycentric Coordinate Time (Fr. Temps-Coordonnee Barycentrique)
TCC Technical Coordinate Center
TCG Geocentric Coordinate Time (Fr. Temps-Coordonnee Geocentrique)
TCO Total Cost of Ownership
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCS Telescope Control System
TCU Timing Control Unit
TCUP TLRS Upgrade Project
TCXO Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator
TD Chad (ISO code)
TD Time Delay
TD Triple Difference
TDA Time Domain Astronomy
TDA U.S. Trade and Development Agency
TDAF ESOC GPS Tracking Data and Analysis Facility
TDB Barycentric Dynamical Time (Fr. Temps Dynamique Barycenter)
TDC Technology Development Center
TDEV Time Deviation
TDF Travel Demand Forecasting
TDI Time Delay Integration (CCD)
TDI Turbocharged Direct Injection
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TDOP Time Dilution of Precision
TDP Thermal Design Power (Point)
TDRS NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
TDRSS Time-Domain Reflectrometry
TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
TDT Terrestrial Dynamical Time (now TT)
TDX TanDEM-X satellite
TEC Total Electron Content
TECU TEC Unit
TEFRATRACE Towards a European Framework for correlating Records of AbrupT enviRonmentAl ChangE
Tel Telescopium (constellation)
TELENET GTE public packet switching network
TELNET Remote Login
TEMPO Time and Earth Motion Precision Observations
TEMS Tsunami Early Warning System
TEN Trans-European Network
Tenn. Tennessee
TEO Terrestrial Ephemeris Origin
T-EOF Temporal Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis
TEQC Translate/Edit/Quality Check
TERENA Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association
TERMS Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey
TES Transition Edge Sensor
TeV tera electron volt
Tex. Texas
TEXnet Texas Network
TF Task Force
TF French Southern Territories (ISO code)
T&F Time and Frequency
TFD TheFreeDictionary.com
TFO TOPEX/Poseidon Follow-On
TFT Thin-Film Transistor
TFTP Trivial FTP
TG Tide Gauge
TG Togo (ISO code)
TGC Tieftrunk - Gaume - Claussen
TGP Tide-Generating Potential
TH Thailand (ISO code)
THEMIS THermal EMission Imaging System
THEMIS Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms
THEnet Texas Higher Education Network
THORPEX THe Observing System Research and Predictability EXperiment
Th. Thursday
Thu. Thursday
Thurs. Thursday
Thwy Throughway
THz terahertz
TI International Time (Fr. Temps International)
TIA Total Information Awareness program, USA
TiB Tebibyte (2^40 bytes = 1024 gibibytes)
TIC Time Interval Counter
TID Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
TIE Time Interval Error
TIF Tagged Image (Interchange) File
TIFA Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents
TIFF Tagged Image (Interchange) File Format
TIFR Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
TIGA Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring (IGS project)
TIGGE THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble
TIGO Transportable Integrated Geodetic Observatory (Transportables Integriertes Geodätisches Observatorium), Germany
TII Tokyo Instruments Inc.
TIM Telescope Imaging Model
TIM Total Irradiance Monitor
TIMED Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics mission
TIN Triangulated Irregular Network
TIO Terrestrial Intermediate Origin
TIPS Tether Physics and Survivability Experiment
TIR Total Internal Reflection (optics)
TIRS Terrestrial Intermediate Reference System
TIRV Tuned Inter-Range Vector
TISC CGSIC Timing Information Subcommittee
TIU Time Interval Unit
TIUS Truck Inventory and Use Study
TIV Tuned Inter-range Vector (SLR)
TIVAGAM Time-variable gravity and surface mass processes: validation, processing and first application of new satellite gravity data
Tix Tk Interface eXtension
TJ Tajikistan (ISO code)
TK Tokelau (ISO code)
TKSC Tsukuba Space Center, Japan
TLD Top-Level Domain (Internet)
TLI Transport Layer Interface (UNIX)
TLM Telemetry
TLRS Transportable Laser Ranging System
TLS Total Least Squares
TM NASA STI Technical Memorandum
TM Trade Mark
TM Turkmenistan (ISO code)
TMGO Table Mountain Gravity Observatory, CO, USA
TMO Table Mountain Observatory, CA, USA
TMR EU Training and Mobility of Researchers program
TMT Thirty Meter Telescope
TN Technical Note
TN Tennessee
TN Tunisia (ISO code)
TN Twisted Nematic
TNO Trans-Neptunian Objects
TNT Teramo-Normale Telescope, OACT, Italy
TNT TriNitroToluene
TNV Telephone Network Voltage
TNW Tactical Nuclear Weapons
TO Tonga (ISO code)
TOA Time of Arrival
TOC Table Of Contents
TOCAMM TOrino CAgliari Measuring Machine
TOEFL Test Of English as a Foreign Language
TOF Time Of Flight (SLR)
TOG EVN Technical and Operations Group
TOGA Tropical Ocean - Global Atmosphere project
TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
TOPEX Ocean TOPography EXperiment
TOR Terms Of Reference
TOS TIGA Observing Stations
TOW Technical Operations Workshop
toz troy ounce
TP East Timor (ISO code)
T/P TOPEX/Poseidon
TP NASA STI Technical Publication
TP Transport Protocol
TP Twisted Pair
TPD Technisch Physische Dienst, the Netherlands
TPF NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder
tpi tracks per inch
TPI Transport Programming Interface
T-PIN Telephone Personal Identification Number
TPS Temporary Protected Status
TPS Topcon Positioning Systems
TR Tabulae Regiomontanae (Bessel's catalog)
TR Technical Report
tr. Troy
TR Turkey (ISO code)
TrA Triangulum Australe (constellation)
TRACE NASA Transition Region and Coronal Explorer
TRADES TRAnsits and Dynamics of Exoplanetary Systems software
Trans. Transactions
TRANSIT Time Ranging and Sequential ...
TRAO Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory
TRAPPIST TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope
TRC Tycho Reference Catalog
TREND Tianshan Radio Experiment for Neutrino Detection
TRF Terrestrial Reference Frame
TRGB Tip of the Red Giant Branch
Tri Triangulum (constellation)
TRIZ Theory of Inventive Problems Solving (Rus. Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskih Zadach)
TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
TROS Transportable Ranging Observation System, China
TRS Terrestrial Reference System
TRSR Turbo Rogue Space Receiver
TS TeamSpeak
TS Test Squadron
TS Telescope Simulator
TS Tracking Station
TSA US Transportation Security Administration
TSGC Texas Space Grant Consortium, Austin, TX, USA
TSI Total Solar Irradiance
TSI Turbo Stratified Injection
tsp. teaspoon
TSPI Telephony Service Provider Interface
TSS Timing Synchronize Signal
T-storm Thunderstorm
TSX TerraSAR-X satellite
TT NASA STI Technical Translation
TT Terrestrial Time (formerly TDT)
TT Trinidad and Tobago (ISO code)
TTandC Tracking Telemetry/Control
TTC Telemetry, Tracking, and Command
TTFF Time-To-First-Fix
TTS Time Transfer System
TTS Triple Threshold Screening
TTW Twin-Telescope Wettzell, Germany
TU Technical University
TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Scientific and Technical Research Council, Turkey
TUC Tecnical Universiy of Crete, Chania, Grete, Greece
Tuc Tucana (constellation)
TUD Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Tu. Tuesday
Tue. Tuesday
Tues. Tuesday
TUG Technical University of Graz, Austria
TUG TeX Users Group
TUJJB Turkish Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Türkiye Ulusal Jeodezi Jeofizik Birliği)
TUM Technical University of Munich (Ger. Technische Universität München), Germany
TV TeleVision
TV Test Vector (VSI)
TV Tuvalu (ISO code)
TVAR Time Variance
TVG Test Vector Generator (VSI)
TVR Test Vector Receiver (VSI)
TVDS Transportable VLBI Data System
TW Taiwan (ISO code)
TWA Trans World Airlines
TWAA Technical Workshop for APT and APSG
TWAIN Technology Without An Interesting Name
TWAN The World At Night
TWAS Academy of Sciences for the Developing World
TWG Technical Working Group
TWG Technique Working Group
TWOV Transit WithOut Visa
TWS Translation Workflow System
TWSTT Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer
TWSTFT Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer
TX Texas
TX Transiver
TXT Text
TZ Tanzania, United Republic of (ISO code)
TZD Tropospheric Zenith Delay
U Ultraviolet
U. University
U. Uranus
U You
UA Ukraine (ISO code)
UAC User Acount Control
U.A.E. United Arab Emirates
UAE Unrecoverable Application Error
UAF University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, USA
UAL United AirLines
UAO Urumqi Astronomical Observatory, China
UAProf User Agent Profile (WAP)
U.A.R. United Arab Republic
UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UAS Unmanned Aircraft System (Systems)
UAS USB Attached SCSI
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
UB University of Bonn, Germany
UBAI Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
UBV Ultraviolet-Blue-Visible (star photometry)
UBVRI Ultraviolet-Blue-Visible-Red-Infrared (star photometry)
UC University of California
UCAC USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog
UCAC-S USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog - South
UCAR University Consortium of Atmospheric Research, USA
UCB University of California, Berkeley
UCCSN University and Community College System of Nevada, NV, USA
UCD Unified Content Descriptor
UCE Unsolicited Commercial E-mail
UCI University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
UCL University College London, UK
UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
UCSB University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
UCSC Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Chile
UCSC University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
UCSD University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
UCup UEFA Cup
UDA Universal Data Access
UDB Uniqueness DataBase
UDC UpDown Converter (VLBI)
UDDI Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
UdeC University of Concepcion (Sp. Universidad de Concepción), Chile
UDF Universal Disk Format
UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UDRE User Differential Ranging Error
UDSC Usuda Deep Space Center, Japan
UDT Uniform Data Transfer
UEFA Union of European Football Associations
UELN United European Levelling Network
UEN Up-East-North coordinate system
UERE User Equivalent Range Error
UFC Ultimate Fighting Championship
UFO Unidentified Flying Object
UFP University of French Polynesia
UFPR University Federal de Parana, Brazil
UG Uganda (ISO code)
UH University of Hawaii, HI, USA
UHC Ultra High Contrast
UHE Ultra High Energy
UHECR Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UIC UEFA Intertoto Cup (football)
UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card
UID Universal IDentifier
UID User Interface Document
UIN Universal Internet Number
UIPE United Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia
UIT Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
UIUC University of Illinois at Urbana-Champain, IL, USA
UK United Kingdom
UKATC UK Astronomy Technology Center, Edinburgh, UK
UKERNA United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association
UKF Unscented Kalman Filter
UKIDSS UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
UKIRT United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
UKMO UK Meteorological Office
UKS UK Schmidt Telescope, AAO, Australia
UKST UK Schmidt Telescope, AAO, Australia
ULA United Launch Alliance
ULB Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
ULG Ultraluminous Galaxy
ULF Ultra Low Frequency
ULIRG UltraLuminous InfraRed Galaxy
ULO University of London Observatory
ULX Ultraluminous X-ray source
UM United States minor outlying islands (ISO code)
UM University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
UM University of Michigan Emission Line Objects
UMa Ursa Major (constellation)
UMBC University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD, USA
UMi Ursa Minor (constellation)
UML Unified (Universal) Modelling Language
UMPC Ultra-Mobile PC
UMR Mixed Research Unit (Fr. Unité Mixte de Recherche)
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UN United Nations
UN University of Nottingham, UK
UNAM Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
UNAVCO University NAVSTAR Consortium, Boulder, CO, USA
UNB University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
UNBSSI UN Basic Space Science Initiative
UNC Universal Naming Convention
UNCOSA UN Coordination of Outer Space Activities
UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa
UNEP UN Environment Program
UNESCO UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
UN-GGIM UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
UNI User-to-Network Interface
UNIAN Ukrainian Independent Information Agency
UNICANT University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
UNISA University of South Africa
UNITeS Unified NASA Information Technology Services
Univ. University
UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer
UNLV University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
UNO United Nations Organization
UNOOSA UN Office for Outer Space Affairs
UNR University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
UNSA Universidad Nacional de San Augustin, Arequipa, Peru
UNSC UN Security Council
UNSW University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
UoN University of Nottingham, UK
UOSATS University of Surrey Satellite, UK
UPAD University of Padova (It. Universita di Padova and Telespazio S.P.A.), Italy
UPI United Press International
UPC Technical University of Catalonia (Sp. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya), Barcelona, Spain
UPC Ultra Physical Contact (connector)
UPF Universite de la Polynesie Francaise, French Polynesia
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
UPS Universal Parsel Service
UR Your
URAT USNO Robotic Astrometric Telescope
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
URN Uniform Resource Name
URSI International Union of Radio Science (Fr. Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale)
U.S. United States of America
US United States of America (ISO code)
USA United States of America
USACM U.S. Public Policy Committee of the Association for Computing Machinery
USACOE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USAF U.S. Air Force
USAID U.S. Agency for International Development
USAMO U.S. America Mathematical Olympiad
USB Universal Serial Bus
USB Upper SideBand
USC University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
U.S.C. U.S. Code
USC&GS U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
USCG U.S. Coast Guard
USCIS U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
USD U.S. Dollar
USET Uccle Solar Equatorial Table
USFF U.S. Fleet Forces
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
USIA U.S. Information Agency
USIM Unversal Subscriber Identity Module
USL United Soccer Leagues
USL UNIX System Laboratories (formerly Bell Labs)
USN Universal Space Network, Inc., USA
USN U.S. Navy
USNA U.S. Naval Academy
USNG U.S. National Grid
USNO U.S. Naval Observatory
USO Ultra Stable Oscillator
USP University of South Pacific
USPS U.S. Postal Service
USRA Universities Space Research Association, USA
USS UltraSteep Spectrum
USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data
USSLS U.S. States and Localities Subcommittee
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
UST University of Science and Technology, Ghana
usu. usually
USYD University of Sydney, Australia
UT Universal Time
UT Utah
UT University of Technology
UT University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
UT1R Universal Time Regularized
UTAS University of Tasmania, Australia
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTCSR University of Texas Center for Space Research, Austin, TX, USA
UTF Unicode Transformation Format
UTIG University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Austin, TX, USA
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator projection
UTINAM Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphere et environnement, Molecules (CNRS)
UTOPIA University of Texas Orbit Processor
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UTPM Universal Time and Polar Motion
UTX University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
UTXMO Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
UUCP Unix to Unix Copy
UV Ultraviolet
UVa University of Virginia, USA
UVS Unmanned Vehicle System
UVOT UltraViolet/Optical Telescope
UW University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
UW University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
UWA University of Western Australia
UWB Ultra Wide Band (Ultra-WideBand)
UWBC Ultra Wide Band Correlator
UWE Unit-Weight Error
UWM University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
UWOELST University of Washington Online English Language Self-placement Test
UWS University of Western Sydney, Australia
UY Uruguay (ISO code)
UZ Uzbekistan (ISO code)
V. Venus
v. Verb
v. Version
V. Village
V Visible
v. Volume
V volt
V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle
VA Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
VA Vatican (ISO code)
VA Virginia
VAFB Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA, USA
Val. Validation
VAO Virtual Astronomical Observatory
VAPoR Volatile Analysis by Pyrolysis of Regolith
VAS Voice Activated System
VASOMI VAriable Step and Order Method of Integration
VAT Value Added Tax
VAX Virtual Address eXtension
VB Virus Bulletin
VB Visual Basic
VBA Visual Basic for Application
vBNS very high speed Backbone Network Services
VBR Variable Bit Rate
VBS Visual Basic Script
VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (ISO code)
VC Video Converter
VC Visual C
VCA Voltage-Controlled Amplifier
VCD Visual Compact Disc
VCF Voltage-Controlled Filter
VCL Vegetation Canopy Lidar
VCL Visual Component Library
VCLT Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
VCM Visual Component Manager
VCO Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
VCS VLBA Calibrator Survey
VCTCXO Voltage-Controlled Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator
VCXO Voltage-Controlled Cristall Oscillator
VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision
VCV Veron-Cetty - Veron Catalogue of Quasars and Active Nuclei
VDIF Video Display Information Format
VDIF VLBI Data Interchange Format
VDS Visual Double Star
VE Venezuela (ISO code)
VE Viner - Erickson
VEGA Visible spEctroGraph and polArimeter (CHARA)
Vel Vela (constellation)
VEN Vertical-East-North coordinate system
VENGA VIRUS-P Exploration of Nearby Galaxies
VEP Vehicle Evaluation Payload satellite, Japan
VER VERsion
VERA VLBI Exploration for Radio Astrometry, Japan
VERITAS Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System, AZ, USA
VESA Video Electronic Standards Association
VEX Venus EXpress
VEX VLBI Experiment Format
VEXAG Venus Exploration Analysis Group
VF Video Frequency
VG Virgin Islands (british) (ISO code)
VGA Video Graphics Array adapter
VGOS VLBI2010 Global Observing System
VGTU Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
VHDL VHSIC Hardware Description Language
VHE Very High Energy
VHF Very High Frequency
VHRR Very High Resolution Radiometer
VHS Vertical Helix Scan
VHS VISTA Hemisphere Survey
VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuits
v.i. intransitive verb
v.i. see below (Lat. vide infra)
VI Virgin Islands
VI Virgin Islands (ISO code)
VI Virtual Impactor
VIC Vienna International Centre
VIDEO VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations Survey
VIIRS Visible-Infrared Imager Radiometer (NPOESS)
VIKING VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy Survey
VILSPA Villafranca Satellite Tracking Station, Spain
VIMOS VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph
VIMS Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
VIP Very Important Person
VIPS VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey
Vir Virgo (constellation)
VIRA Venus International Reference Atmosphere
VIRAC Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center, Latvia
VIRTIS Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer, ESA Venus Express mission
VIRUS Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph
VIRUS-P VIRUS Prototype
VISAR Video Image Stabilization and Registration system
VISC VSOP International Science Council
VISTA Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy
VieVS Vienna VLBI Software
viz. that is, namely (Lat. videlicet)
VJ Video (Visual) Jockey
VLA NRAO Very Large Array, Socorro, NM, USA
VLAN Virtual LAN
VLANEP Very Large Array North Ecliptic Pole radio sources
VLB Very Long Baseline
VLB VESA (Video) Local Bus
VLBA Very Long Baseline Array
VLBAg Gedetic VLBA DAS
VLBI Very Long Baseline Interferometry
VLF Very Low Frequency
VLSS VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey (formerly 4MASS)
VLT Very Large Telescope, ESO, Chile
VLTI Very Large Telescope Interferometer, ESO, Chile
VM Virtual Machine
VMC VISTA Magellanic Clouds Survey
VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
VMF Vienna Mapping Function
VMS Virtual Memory (Machine) System
VMS Visual Monitoring System
VN Viet Nam (ISO code)
VNC Virtual Network Computing
VNIIFTRI National Research Institute for Physical-Technical and Radio Engineering Measurements
V.O. Very Old (4-year cognac)
VO Virtual Observatory
VOA Voice of America
VoIP Voice over IP
VOL Variations of Latitude
Vol Volans (constellation)
Vol. Volume
VOR VHF Omnidirectional Range
VP Vice President
VPAD Vehicle Pedestrian Access System
VPC Voltage Per Cell
VPHG Volume Phase Holographic Grating
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRAD VLBI Radio Source (SELENE)
VRI Virtual Radio Interferometer
VRO Vermillion Radio Observatory survey
VRS Virtual Reference Station
vs. versus
V.S. Very Special (2.5-year cognac)
VS NIIFTRI East-Siberian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements (= ES SRIPRM)
VSA MRAO Very Small Array
VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method
VSAT Very Small Antenna Terminal (Very Small Aperture Terminal)
VSC VISTA Science Committee
VSI VLBI Standard Interface
VSI-E VLBI Standard Interface - Electronic
VSI-H VLBI Standard Interface - Hardware
VSI-S VLBI Standard Interface - Software
VSL NMi Van Swinden Laboratorium, the Netherlands
VSOG VSOP Science Operations Group
VSOP Variations Séculaires des Orbites Planétaires
V.S.O.P. Very Superior Old Pale (4-year cognac)
VSOP VLBI Space Observatory Program
VSR VLBI Science Recorder (JPL)
VSS Microsoft Visual SourceSafe
VSSP Versatile Scientific Sampling Processor
VST VLT Survey Telescope
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
v.t. transitive verb
VT Vermont
VT Virtual Terminal
VTEC Vertical Total Electron Content
VTP VLBI Transport Protocol
VTRF VLBI Terrestrial Reference Frame
VTS Vessel Trafic System
VTT Vacuum Tower Telescope
VU Vanuatu (ISO code)
Vul Vulpecula (constellation)
VUT Vienna University of Technology, Austria
v.v. vice versa
VVEJGA Venus-Venus-Earth-Jupiter Gravity Assist trajectory (Cassini/Huygens mission)
V.V.S.O.P. Very-Very Superior Old Pale (5-year cognac)
VVV VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea
VW VolksWagen
VWP Visa Waiver Program
VxD Virtual Driver
VZT Visual Zenith Telescope
W watt
W Weight
W Wednesday
W West
W Width
W Wins/Won (sport)
w with
w/ with
W3 World Wide Web
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
W3W what3words
W Wynn-Williams
WA Washington
WA Western Australia
WA Webster - Altenhoff
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
WABI Windows Application Binary Interface
WACO WAshington COrrelator, USNO
WADA World Anti-Doping Agency
WAGN West Antarctic GPS Network
WAILI Wavelets with Integer Lifting
WAIS Wide Area Information Server
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
Wash. Washington
WASP White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
WAV Waveform Audio Data
Wb weber
WB White - Becker
WBEM Web-Based Enterprise Management
WBN Wynn-Williams - Becklin-Neugebauer
WBR With best regards
WC Water Closet
WC Wheelchair
WCCD Washington Comprehensive Catalog Database
WCDA Western Canada Deformation Array
WCDMP World Climate Data and Monitoring Program
WCPT West Coast Precision Traverse
WCRP World Climate Research Program
WCT Windchill Temperature
WDC World Data Centers
WDG Web Design Group
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WDS Washington (Visual) Double Star catalog
WDS Wide Double Star
WDS World Data System (FAGS+WDC)
WEBT Whole Earth Blazar Telescope
Wed. Wednesday
WEGENER Working group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks for Earthquake Research (1980 - ~1995)
WEGENER Working group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks for Earth science Research (~1995 - ~2009)
WEGENER World Earthquake GEodesy Network for Environmental Hazard Research (since ~2009)
WENSS Westerbork Northern Sky Survey
WEP Weak Equivalence Principle
WEST Western European Summer Time (UTC + 2h)
WESTPAC Western Pacific Laser Tracking Network Satellite
WET Western European Time (UTC)
WET Whole Earth Telescope
WETDST Western European Daylight Saving Time (UTC + 1h)
WETLAS Wettzell Laser Station, Germany
WF Wallis and Futuna Islands (ISO code)
WFAU Wide-Field Astronomy Unit, ROE, UK
WFC Wave-Front Clock
WFC Wide Field Camera (HST)
WFF NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA, USA
WFPDB Wide-Field Plate DataBase
WFPC Width Field and Planetary Camera (HST)
WESTPAC Western Pacific
WFTA Winograd Fourier Transform Algorithm
WFW Windows For Workgroups
WG Working Group
WGA White-Giommi-Angelini ROSAT X-Ray sources list
WGA Windows Genuine Advantage
WGAS IAU Working Group on Astronomy Standards
WGC World Golf Championship
WGDAA IAU Working Group for Encouraging the International Development of Antarctic Astronomy
WGESP IAU Working Group on Extra-Solar Planets
WGGGI SCAR Working Group on Geodesy and Geographic Information
WGGMVS IVS Working group for Geophysical Models in VLBI Software
WGH NGK Working Group for Height determination
WGHM WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model
WGMS World Glacier Monitoring Service
WGNEO IAU Working Group on Near-Earth Objects
WGPSN IAU Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature
WGRF IAU Working Group on Reference Frames
WGS World Geodetic System
WGWIP IUPAP Working Group on Women in Physics
WGWWDA IAU Working Group for the World Wide Development of Astronomy
WH White House
WHAT A CAT West Hellenic Arc Tectonics And Calabrian Arc Tectonics
WHO World Health Organization
WHS World Height System
WI Wisconsin
WIA Windows Images Acquisition
WIDAR Wideband Interferometric Digital ARchitecture
WIMP Weakly Interacting Massive Particle
WINDS Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite project, Japan
WINERED Warm INfra-red Echelle spectrograph to Realize Extreme Dispersion, Japan
WING Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS
WIP Work In Progress
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WIRE NASA Wide Field Infrared Explorer
Wis. Wisconsin
WISE Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
WITS Web Infrared Tool Shed
WIYN Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale, NOAO telescope/consortium
wk Week
WKSH Windowing Korn Shell (UNIX)
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WLRG Weak-Line Radio Galaxy
WLRS Wettzell Laser Ranging System, Germany
WLS Weighted Least Squares
WM Wild Magnavox
WMA Windows Media Audio (file format)
WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
WMC World Meteorological Center
WMF Windows MetaFile
WMM World Magnetic Model
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WN Weight Noise
WN WENSS North radio survey
WNT WAAS Network Time
WNW West-Northwest
WNY Washington Navy Yard
w/o without
w/o walkover
WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment
WODAN Westerbork Observations of the Deep Apertif Northern sky survey
WoK Web of Knowledge
WOL Wake-On-LAN (Intel networked remote control)
WoS Web of Science
WOS-CC Web of Science Core Collection
WOSA Windows Open Services Architecture
WOVLBI Wide-band Optical VLBI
WOW Windows On Windows (the same as NTVDM)
WP Word Processing
WP Word Processor
WP Work Package
WP Working Party
WPA Windows Product Activation
WPC Watts Per Cell
WPG WordPerfect Graphic File
WPGM Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting
WPLW Wavelet Packet Laboratory for Windows
WPLS Western Pacific Laser Satellite
WPLTN Western Pacific Laser Tracking Network
WPVN Western Pacific VLBI Network
WR Wolf-Rayet star
WR World Record
WRAM Window Random Access Memory
WRC World Radio Conference
WRMS Weighted RMS
w.r.t. with respect to
WS Samoa (ISO code)
WS WorkStation
WSAAG Western Sydney Amateur Astronomy Group
WSDL Web Services Description Language
WSEAS World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society
WSJ "Wall Street Journal"
WSMR White Sands Missile Range, NM, USA
WSO World Space Observatory
WSPC World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore
WSRP Web Services for Remote Portlets
WSRT Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, the Netherlands
WSUS Windows Server Update Services
WSW West-Northwest
WT Wavelet Transform
wt. weight
WTA Womens' Tennis Association
WTLS Weighted Total Least Squares
WTO World Tourism Organization
WTO World Trade Organization
WTU Wuhan Technical University, China
WTZ Scientific and Technological Co-operation (Wissenschaftlich-Technische Zusammenarbeit)
WUPPE Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-polarimeter Experiment
WUSB Wireless Universal Serial Bus
WUT Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
WV West Virginia
W.Va. West Virginia
WVR Water Vapor Radiometer
WW World War
WW2 the 2nd World War
WWA Weighted Wavelet Amplitude
WWAS World Warning Agency for Satellites
WWF World Wildlife Fund
WWT WorldWide Telescope
w/wo with or without
WWW World Weather Watch
WWW World Wide Web
WWW Wynn-Williams - Werner-Wilson
WWZ Weighted Wavelet Z-transform
WX Weather
WY Way
WY Wyoming
Wyo. Wyoming
WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get
WZ Universal Time (Ger. WeltZeit)
X Cross
X.25 Communication Protocol for Packet
XAPI eXtensive API
XBEL XML Bookmark Exchange Language
XBM X-Window Bitmap
XCP Extensible Communications Platform
XEUS X-ray Early Universe Spectroscopy Mission (ESA)
XFI X-ray Flux Index
XHTML eXtensible HyperText Markup Language
XK Kosovo (temporay country code)
XL Extra Large
XML eXtensible Markup Language
XMM X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission (ESA)
XNS Xerox Network Systems
XO Crystal Oscillator
X.O. eXtra Old (6-year cognac)
XOR eXclusive OR
XPM XP Mode
XPS XML Paper Specification
XRF X-Ray Fluoresecence
XRI Extensible Resource Identifier
Y why
y. year
Y! Yahoo!
Y2K Year 2000
YA Yerkes Aktinometry
YACC Yet Another Compiler-Compiler
YAG Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet
YAHOO Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle
YAO Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, China
YAODL Yet Another Object Description Language
YAST Yet Another Setup Tool (SUSE Linux)
YE Yemen (ISO code)
YERAC Young European Radio Astronomers' Conference
YNAO Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, China
y/o years old
YO MAMA Yale Observatory iMAge Manipulation Application
YORP Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect
yr year
YSG Yellow SuperGiant
YSI Yellow Springs Instruments, USA
YSO Young Stellar Object
YSOPP Young Scientists' Outstanding Poster Paper
YSTA Young Scientist's Travel Award for Europeans
YT Mayotte (ISO code)
YU Yugoslavia (ISO code)
Z Zulu time (the same as UTC)
ZA South Africa (ISO code)
ZAH Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany, =ARI+ITA+LSW
ZAW Microsoft Zero Administration for Windows
ZB zetabytes
ZcRAO Zelenchukskaya Radio Astronomical Observatory, Russia
ZERO-G Zero Garvity Corp.
ZeV zetta electron volt
ZfV Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen (journal)
ZHD Zenith Hydrostatic Delay
ZHR Zenithal Hourly Rate (meteors observations)
ZIMLAS Zimmerwald Laser Station, Switzerland
ZIP Zone Improvement Program (U.S. mail system code)
ZIPE Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde, Germany
ZL Zodiacal Light
ZM Zambia (ISO code)
ZMOA Zhu, Mathews, Ocean, Anelasticity (nutation model)
ZND Zenith Neutral Delay
ZPD Zenith Path Delay
ZR Zaire (ISO code)
ZS Zodiacal Stars
ZT Zonal Time
ZTD Zenith Total Delay
ZW Zimbabwe (ISO code)
ZWD Zenith Wet Delay