Astrophysical Constants & Units
| 
  Constants | 
Mathematical
- π = 3.14159265358979
- e = 2.71828182845905
 - Euler's constant: γ = 0.5772156649
  - e = 2.71828182845905
 Physical
- Speed of light in vacuum: c = 2.99792458 × 108 m s-1
- Planck constant: h = 6.62620 × 10-34 J s
 - Elementary charge: e = 1.602189 × 10-19 C
 - Avogadro's number: N0 = 6.0221367 × 1023 mol-1
 - Universal gas constant: R = 8.31441 J mol-1 K-1
 - Boltzmann's constant: k = R/N0 = 1.380662 × 10-23 J K-1
 - Stefan-Boltzmann constant: σ = 5.66956 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4
 - Gravitation constant: G = 6.6742 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
 - Coulomb constant: K = 8.98755 × 109 N m2 kg-2
 - Rydberg constant for 1H: R = 1.09677583 × 107 m-1
 - Relative permeability of vacuum: μ0 = 4π × 10-7 N A-2
 - Relative permittivity of vacuum: ε0 = 8.85418782 × 10-12 F m-1
  - Planck constant: h = 6.62620 × 10-34 J s
 Astronomical
- Solar radius:
R
 = 6.9599 × 108 m
- Solar mass: M
 
 = 1.989 × 1030 kg
- Solar luminosity: L
 
 = 3.826 × 1026 W
- Solar absolute bolometric magnitude: MBol
 
  = 4.72
- Earth radius: R
 
 = 6.738 × 
106 m
- Earth mass: M
 
 = 5.976 × 
1024 kg
 - Solar mass: M
 
| 
  Units | 
Angle
- 1 revolution = 2π = 360°
 Solid Angle
- 1 sphere = 4π steradians (sr) = 4.1253 × 104 square degrees
 Length
- 1 inch = 2.54 × 10-2 m
- 1 foot (ft) = 12 inch = 0.3048 m
 - 1 yard = 3 ft = 0.9144 m
 - 1 statute mile = 5280 ft = 1609 m
 - 1 nautical mile = 6080 ft = 1853 m
 - 1 Angstrom (Å) = 10-10 m
 - 1 Fermi = 10-15 m
 - 1 lightyear = 9.460530 × 1015 m
 - 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) = 1.495979 × 1011 m
 - 1 parsec (pc) = 1 AU/tan (1") = 3.085678 × 1016 m
 - 1 solar radius (R
 
) = 6.9599 × 108 m
 - 1 foot (ft) = 12 inch = 0.3048 m
 Area
- 1 hectare = 104 m2
- 1 acre = 43560 ft2 = 4046.9 m2
 - 1 barn = 10-28 m2
  - 1 acre = 43560 ft2 = 4046.9 m2
 Frequency
- 1 Hertz (Hz) = 1 s-1
 Speed
- 1 knot = 1 nautical mile/hour = 1.8532 km 
h-1 = 0.5147 m 
s-1
- 1 mile/hour = 1.6093 km h-1 = 0.4470 m s-1
  - 1 mile/hour = 1.6093 km h-1 = 0.4470 m s-1
 Mass
- 1 pound (lb) = 0.45359237 kg
- 1 atomic mass unit (u) = 1.66057 × 10-27 kg
 - 1 solar mass (M
 
) = 1.989 × 
1030 kg
 - 1 atomic mass unit (u) = 1.66057 × 10-27 kg
 Force
- 1 Newton (N) = 1 kg m s-2
- 1 dyne = 10-5 N
 - 1 pound (lb) = 4.44822 N
  - 1 dyne = 10-5 N
 Pressure
- 1 Pascal (Pa) = 1 N m-2
- 1 atmosphere = 1.013 × 105 Pa
 - 1 bar = 105 Pa
 - 1 torr = 1 mm Hg at 0° and standard gravity = 133.322 Pa
  - 1 atmosphere = 1.013 × 105 Pa
 Energy
- 1 Joule (J) = 1 N m = 1 W s
- 1 erg = 10-7 J
 - 1 Calorie = 4186 J
 - 1 kiloton TNT = 4.2 × 1012 J
 - 1 electronvolt (eV) = 1.602189 × 10-19 J
  - 1 erg = 10-7 J
 Power
- 1 Watt (W) = 1 J s-1 = 1 V A
- 1 Horse Power (hp) = 745.7 W
 - 1 solar luminosity (L
 
) = 3.826 × 1026 W
 - 1 Horse Power (hp) = 745.7 W
 Electric charge
- 1 Coulomb (C) = 1 A s
- 1 elementary charge (e) = 1.602189 × 10-19 C
  - 1 elementary charge (e) = 1.602189 × 10-19 C
 Electric potential
- 1 Volt (V) = 1 W A-1
 Electric resistance
- 1 Ohm (Ω) = 1 V A-1
 Electric capacitance
- 1 Farad (F) = 1 C V-1
 Conductance
- 1 Siemens (S) = 1 A V-1
 Inductace
- 1 Henry (H) = 1 Wb A-1
 Magnetic flux
- 1 Weber (Wb) = 1 V s-1
 Magnetic field strength
- 1 Tesla (T) = 1 N A-1 m-1 = 1 Wb m-2
- 1 gauss = 10-4 T
  - 1 gauss = 10-4 T
 Flux density
- 1 Jansky (Jy) = 10-26 W m-2 s
 
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