ENSO Links

• An analysis of the relationship to cloud cover (The ESO Messenger 90, December 97)) and to seeing, (The ESO Messenger 97, September 99)) at ESO observatories. Some plots have been later updated.
• A clear description of El Nino Southern Oscillation and of its consequence on climate in Australia and South America is available at El Nino or ENSO theme pages of the NOAA climate diagnosis center. ( historical comparison of previous elninos with soi indices)

  ENSO Index: Comparison of the current 1997-1998 event with other events

  

  This image shows cold water upwelling near the coast of Peru (purple) and joining the South Equatorial Current, which flows westward across the Pacific Ocean. This MODIS SST image from January 1-8, 2001 shows the ocean in normal conditions, but during an El Nino the waters off Peru are much warmer. Credit: NASA

  

  
  July 16, 1998: Satellite image shows pacific stabilizing
  19 June 2000: Strong, Long-lasting La Niña just fading away
  June 2000, is 1998-2000 La Niña over?
  

  Do La Niña-El Niño cycles lie on top of a larger scale temperature distribution?

  TOPEX-Poseidon reveals indices of a larger decadal climate pattern, and a Wavelet Analysis showing a hidden 16 years periodicity later attributed to the so-called Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).

  For more detail, check the experimental Daily SST Anomaly Charts.

• latest Global Climate Highlights . Also Chilean Precipitation Anomalies associated with "El Niño Southern Oscillation" (1961-1994).

  Climatology of South America, influence of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACC) anomaly.

• For readers interested to learn about meteorology, a great service is provided by the University of Illinois Weather World Project (WW2010) Online Meteorology Guide which also include an elnino section
• See also: Forecasts and Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research. Institute of Global Environment and Society, Calverton, Maryland.
• Alliance For Marine Remote Sensing (AMRS) Nova Scotia, Canada.