Man in space
Experiment Matryoshka-R
In implementation of long-duration manned space flights it is required to identify space radiation impact on human
beings. Experimental dosimetric investigations using phantoms simulating human body provide the most accurate information
for assessment of human organizm exposure to radiation under these conditions. Tissue-equivalent spherical and anthropomorphic
phantoms used in this experiment are made of specially developed substances which are the most identical to a standardized
model of human tissues by their composition. During conduct of the experiment, background measurements of radiological
conditions throughout a flight course will be made both inside and outside the station.
Objective:
- Investigation into dynamics of in-orbit radiological situation both in Service Module and the ISS RS
docking module, as well as accumulated radiation doses in anthropomorphic and spherical phantoms.
- Improvement of the methods of space dosimetry and evaluating radiation hazard impact on cosmonaut's
body during dynamics of radiological situation throughout flight trajectory.
Tasks:
- Measurement of spatial and solid distributions of radiation characteristics of space ionizing radiation
in pressurized compartments of Service Module and Docking Module of the ISS RS by means of scientific
equipment PDA (Assembly of Passive Detectors) and Phantom (Spherical Tissue-Equivalent Phantom).
- Development of calculation methods to evaluate radiation doses for various organs of cosmonauts'
bodies during long in-orbit flights to the ISS RS.
- Verification of radiological situation models in near-earth space and the methods for calculating
radiation transmission through protective substance and tissues by comparing the assessed parameters
of radiological conditions determined via calculations in the station compartments and phantom with the
measurement results.
- Research into space radiation distribution throughout the station flight trajectory.
- Study of time-dependent space radiation variations (cycles of solar activity, proton emission resulting
from sun burst) and in-orbit parameters.
- Research into impact of protection on variation in space radiation dose (attenuation of dose, factor
of protection substance accumulation and/or activation).
Science Hardware Used:
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- PDA kit consisting of 6 assemblies for accommodation in SM compartments;
- Phantom kit outfitted with a set of changeable assemblies and cylindrical cases containing passive detectors;
- Stowage with tools;
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- Matryoshka equipment (monoblock).
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Flight Equipment Used:
- Videocamera PD-70P;
- Digital camera Nikon D1 for photographic recording and filming of PDA
and Phantom scientific equipment installation sites;
- Laptop;
- Payload server unit functioning as control computer;
- Winchesters;
- Power switching unit;
- Cable kit.
Experiment Results:
- PDA kit assemblies with the exposed detectors.
- Stowage of the Phantom scientific equipment containing cylindrical cases and the cover with the exposed
detectors within it.
- Photographic data to be downlinked via TV exchange module.
- Data necessary to predict radiation hazards risk for future space projects and to develop the ISS
radiation monitoring aids.
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