Main Events

In 1994 the enterprise was given its current name. Earlier it had been known as Special Design Bureau-1 (OKB-1); Central Design Bureau of Experimental Machinebuilding (TsKBEM), Scientific-Production Association (NPO) Energia.

In the mid - 40s - early 50s of the 20th century the enterprice created the pioneer national different ballistic missiles - from mobile land-use tactical complexes to submarine ballistic missiles and strategic intercontinental thermonuclear weapon vehicles. Also the enterprise developed 14 strategic missile complexes, the 11 of which had gone into service and had been put into full-scale production to other plants, including the complexes of the pioneer liquid- and solid-propellant rockets (with high-temperature and low-temperature liquid-propellant components). The first space rocket Р-7 has been until the present time one of the world's most reliable rockets. Those project provided background for further development of the national rocket armament.

Since early 50s the enterprise has initiated and taken charge of virtually all lines of cosmonautics activities.

The first-ever artificial Earth satellite (1957) and the first integrated launch vehicle Р-7 (Sputnik), which provided its orbit delivery; the first man-in-space flight performed by our citizen Yu.A. Gagarin (1961); the pioneer spacecraft launched to the Moon and the Solar system planets, Venus and Mars (1959-1969); the first research satellites (since 1957); the pioneer soft Lunar landing (1966) - all those things had been created and implemented due to the brilliant ideas and initiatives demonstrated by S.P. Korolev, the talented engineer and manager, chief designer of the national rocket-space systems, the founder of practical cosmonautics, the academician.

The enterprise led the development and operation of the following:

• national manned space vehicles Vostok (1960-1963), one of which was used to perform the first man-in-space flight by Yu.A. Gagarin; Voskhod (1964-1968); Soyuz (1966-1981);
• Soyuz T (1979-1986); Soyuz TM (1986-2002);
• national cargo space vehicles Progress (1978-1989); Progress M (since 1989);
• orbital stations Salyut (1971); Salyut-4 (1974-1977); Salyut-6 (1977-1982); Salyut-7 (1982-1991) and Mir multimodule station (1986-2001);
• space orbital observatory Gamma for astrophysical and geophysical research (1990-1992);
• spacecraft Zenit for detailed imagery of earth surface (1962);
• pioneer national communication satellites Molnia-1 (1965);
• reusable space system Buran with the world's largest launch vehicle Energia (1987) (which has not had any international technical analogs up to now) and reusable Orbiter Buran (1988).
• In addition, other projects aimed to create advanced rocket-space technology systems (manned Lunar complexes L1, L3; superheavy launch vehicle H1; multipurpose orbital complex; Martian manned complex, etc.). The Corporation was heavily involved in implementing International Space Programs: "Soyuz - Apollo" "Interkosmos".