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ISBN 0- 7803-1194-9
The INTERNET for SCIENTISTS and ENGINEERS
Brian. J. Thomas
IEEE Press, 1996
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
XV
PREFACE XVII
Why the Internet? xvii
Is this Book for You? xviii
How to Read this Book xix
Formatting and Typesetting Conventions xix
Internet Addressing Conventions xix
References and Resources xx
Acknowledgments xx
PART I: INTERNET ACCESS, TOOLS, AND NAVIGATION
1. INTRODUCTION 3
What Is the Internet? 3
What Can I Do on It? 3
What's in the Internet Toolbox? 4
The Basic Services 4
The Extended Services 6
2. GETTING ONLINE
The Business of Internet 7
Who Provides Internet Access? 7
Are You Already Online? 8
Hardware and Software 8
Basic Hardware 8
Basic Software 9
The Internet and Unix 9
The Internet and Personal Computers 9
Basic Connection Options 10
Direct Connection 10
Remote Dial-up Connection 11
SLIP/PPP Connection 12
Commercial Online Services 14
What Next? 15
Where to Find Internet Access Providers 16
Lists of Providers Available Online 17
Just the FAQs 17
3. YOUR FIRST LOGON 19
Usemame and Password 19
Your First "Session" 19
Exploring the Host Computer 21
Where Am I? 21
Navigating Directories 22
Looking Inside Directories 22
Reading File 24
The finger Command 25
Logging Out 25
More Unix Commands 26
Accessing Online Help 26
Copying Files 26
Moving or Renaming Files 27
Transferring Files via Modem 27
Deleting File 30
Stopping a Process 30
Just the FAQs 30
4. ELECTRONIC MAIL
What is E-mail? 33
E-mail Software 33
Addressing and Sending E-mail 34
Your E-mail Address 35
Choosing a Usemame (and E-Mail Address) 36
More about Domains 37
Sending Messages to Commercial Online Services 37
Common E-mail Elements 39
Message Header 40
Message Body 42
Signatures 42
Managing E-mail 43
Return Message Headers 45
"Bounced" or Undeliverable Mail 46
Composing E-mail Messages 47
Structural Rules 47
Netiquette 48
Propriety 48
Common Conventions 48
Finding Someone's E-mail Address 50
Macintosh E-mail Software 51
Windows E-mail Software 53
Just the FAQs 55
5. ELECTRONIC MAIL SERVERS 57
Using E-mail to Retrieve Documents 57
Why Would I Want to Use a Mail Server?
Some Examples 57
Where to Find E-mail Servers 58
FTPMail 59
Getting Help from the FTPMail Server 59
A Sample FTPMail Session 60
Just the FAQs 62
6. DISCUSSION LISTS 63
Moderated v. Unmoderated Lists 64
Finding Discussion Lists 64
Listservs v. Mailing Lists 64
Listservs 65
Understanding Listservs 65
Understanding Listserv Gateways 66
Subscribing to Listservs 67
Unsubscribtng to a Listserv, and Other Commands 68
Mailing Lists 68
Subscribing to Mailing Lists 69
Discussion List Netiquette 69
Electronic Journals and Newsletters 70
Just the FAQs 70
7. FILES AND FORMATS 73
ASCII v. Binary 73
What's the Point? 74
Document and File Types 74
Formatted Text 75
Images and Graphics 75
PostScript 76
TeX and Derivatives 77
Emerging Formats 78
Encoding 79
When to Use Encoding 79
Standard Encoding Methods 79
UUEncoding Files 81
Decoding Files 83
Compression 84
Compression Methods 84
Unix File Compression 85
What's Next? 87
Just the FAQs 87
8. TELNET 89
What Can I Do with Telnet? 89
Remote Login via Telnet 90
Telnet Command Mode 91
A Typical Telnet Session 92
Telnet to a Specific Port 95
Terminal Emulation 95
What Is "tn3270"? 96
Troubleshooting 96
Macintosh Telnet Software 97
Windows Telnet Software 98
Just the FAQs 98
9. FTP 99
File Transfer Protocol 99
Anonymous FTP 99
What Is a "Mirror Site"? 100
What Is an "FTP Address"? 100
Where Do I Find FTP Sites? 100
Connecting to an FTP Site 101
Essential FTP Commands 101
Logging In 102
Displaying and Navigating Directories 103
Downloading Files 107
Where Is the File I Transferred? 108
Ending Your FTP Session 109
Uploading Files 109
Transferring Multiple Files 110
Non-Anonymous FTP 110
Macintosh FTP Software 111
Windows FTP Software 113
Just the FAQs 115
10. USENET NEWS 117
What is Usenet? 117
What Usenet Is Not 118
Newsgroup Naming Conventions 119
Basic Software - The rn Newsreader 120
Starting Up rn 120
Reading Articles 122
Posting Your Own Articles 124
Command Summary for rn 125
Software 125
Command-Line Options 125
Navigation Options 125
Message-reading Options 125
Macintosh Usenet Software 126
Windows Usenet Software 130
Just the FAQs 132
11. TOOLS FOR SEARCHING 133
Archie 134
What and How Archie Searches 134
Finding Archie 134
Searching Archie 135
Customizing Your Archie Search 135
Some Public Archie Servers 136
Macintosh Archie Software 136
Windows Archie Software 138
Gopher 139
Why Use Gopher? 140
Connecting to Gopher 140
Gopher Menu Items 141
Gopher Menu Commands 141
Some Gopher Sites Accessible via Telnet 142
Gophering Around 142
More on Navigation 148
Macintosh Gopher Software 149
Windows Gopher Software 151
Veronica 153
Searching with Veronica 153
Just the FAQs 157
12. ONLINE DATABASES 159
WAIS-Wide-Area Information Servers 159
What Kinds of Resources Are on WAIS Servers? 160
What's So Great about WAIS? 160
Accessing WAIS 161
Macintosh and Windows WAIS Software 166
OPACs - Online Public Access Catalogs 166
What Can I Do with an OPAC 166
How to Find OPACs 173
Commercial Databases 173
MELVYL 173
CARL/UnCover 173
Dialog 174
FAXON 174
INSPEC 175
MEDLINE 175
OCLC 176
Springer-Verlag 176
Professional Societies 176
Just the FAQs 177
13. WORLD WIDE WEB 179
What is Hypertext? 179
Behind the Smoke and Mirrors 180
Clients and Servers on the Web 181
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) 181
Web Browsers 182
Surfing the Web 183
Line Browsers 183
Graphical Browsers 186
Browser Wars 187
Exploring the Web with Netscape 187
Colors, Backgrounds, and Imagemaps 189
Saving Text and Printing 190
Customizing Your Web Browser 190
Viewing Text and Graphics 190
Bookmarks and Hotlists 192
Helper Application 193
Enhanced Web Features 194
Tables and Frames 194
Online Forms 197
Multimedia on the Web 197
Where to Find Netscape Software 198
Searching the Web 198
Just the FAQs 199
PART II: SCIENCE RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET
INTRODUCTION 202
Resource Listings Index 202
Using the Science Resources Guide 203
SCIENCE RESOURCES 206
Aeronautics & Aerospace206
Agriculture 215
Anthropology 220
Archaeology 225
Artificial Intelligence 232
Astronomy & Astrophysics 240
Biology & Biotechnology 256
Chemistry 279
Computer Science 286
Electronics & Electrical Engineering 312
Energy 323
Engineering 329
Geology & Geophysics 342
Imaging Technologies 352
Linguistics 366
Mathematics 373
Medicine 388
Meteorology 406
Oceanography 415
Optics 425
Physics 434
Security 446
Virtual Reality 450
APPENDIX: PERSONAL COMPUTER BASICS 453
Introduction to TCP/IP 453
SLIP and PPP Connections
Getting a SLIP or PPP Account
The Black Art of SLIP/PPP
Connecting Your Macintosh to the Internet 458
Getting and Setting Up MacTCP
Getting Started with MacPPP
Where to Get Macintosh Software
Commercial Macintosh TCP/IP Software Companies
Connecting Your Windows PC to the Internet 463
Getting and Setting Up Trumpet TCP Manager
Setting up SLIP
Where to Get Windows Software
Commercial Windows TCP/IP Software Companies
GLOSSARY 470
BIBLIOGRAPHY 484
INDEX 487
ТЕКСТ:
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