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Superconducting Integrated THz Receivers: Development and Applications
Valery Koshelets, Andrey Ermakov, Lyudmila Filippenko, Nickolay Kinev, Oleg Kiselev, Mikhail Torgashin, Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia Arno de Lange, Gert de Lange SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, the Netherlands Sergey I. Pripolzin, and Vladimir L. Vaks Institute for Physics of Microstructure, Nizhny Novgorod; Russia


Superconducting Integrated THz Receivers: Development and Applications li t i

Outline
· · · · · · Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) for the SIR TErahertz LImb Sounder (TELIS) project (TELIS) Results of the TELIS flights Future SIR applications Conclusion

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Centennial Superconductivity Conference 2011

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Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) with phase-locked FFO hase-locked

SIR microcircuit it

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Internal part of the SIR Microcircuit SIR
Double-slot (dipole) twin SIS ­ 0.8 m2

FFO FFO 400*16 m

2

HM ­ 1.0 m

2

Nb-AlOx-Nb, Nb-AlN-NbN;

Jc Jc = 5 - 10 kA/cm

2 2

Optionally: SIS ­ Jc = 8 kA/cm2; FFO + HM = 4 kA/cm
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Nb-AlOx-Nb Nb-AlOx-Nb and Nb-AlN-NbN FFO for SIR Nb-AlN-NbN
400 GHz

Frequency Tuning

700 GHz

JSC, VB = Vg/3


FFO frequency and power tuning
300 250

SIS Current (mkA)

200 150 100 50 0
FFO Frequency: 0 GHz GH 400 GHz 500 GHz 600 GHz 700 GHz

FFO frequency = 500 GHz

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

SIS Voltage (mV)

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FL and PL spectra of the FFO :
frequency 605 GHz; LW = 1.7 MHz; SR = 92 % MHz; SR 92
-20 -25 IF Output Power (dBm) -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55 -60 360 380 400 420 440
0
Phase locked at 605 GHz (SR = 92 %) Frequency locked Linewidth = 1.7 MHz Span - 100 MHz Resolution Bandwidth - 1 MHz

Down-converted FFO Frequency (MHz) FF (M

-20

Spectrum analyzer Resolution Banwidth RBW = 1 Hz

Power (dBm)

-40

-60

-80

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-100 -50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Offset from carrier (Hz)


Linewidth and Spectral Ratio on the FFO frequency
7 100
Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO (%)

6 5
SR f SR f Nb-AlN-NbN Nb-AlN-NbN Nb-AlOx-Nb Nb Nb-AlOx-Nb

80 60 40

FFO Linewidth (MHz) e M

4 3 2

20 0

1 0

300

400

500

600

700

FFO Frequency (GHz)


TELIS (Terahertz Limb Sounder) (Terahertz Limb Sounder)
· TELIS Objectives: Measure many species for atmospheric science: ClO, BrO, O3, HCl, HOCl, etc; - Chemistry, Transport, Climate Serve as a test platform for new sensors Serve as validation tool for future satellite missions Three independent frequency channels, cryogenic heterodyne receivers: ­ 500 GHz by RAL ­ 490-630 GHz by SRON-IREE ­ 1.8 THz by DLR (PI)

· · ·

Balloon-Borne TELIS Instrument


TELIS-SIR TELIS-SIR Main Parameters
Input frequency range Minimum DSB noise temperature in the range Output IF range Spectral resolution System stability (Allan variance) Dissipated power (at 4.2 K stage) Operation temperature

470 ­ 670 GHz < 120 K 4 - 8 GHz < 1 MHz 20 s < 30 mW < 4.5


SIR for TELIS ­ remote operation

12 10

FFO frequency 500 GHz

FFO linewidth, Hz

8 6 4 2 0

1,030

1,032

1,034

1,036

1,038

FFO voltage, mV


Frequencies and substances selected for the first TELIS flight the flight
## FFO Frequency, GHz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Substances (High priority) it H
18O 2

495.04 496.88 505.6 507.28 515.25 519.25 607.78 619.1

HDO BrO ( = 0.3 !!) ClO O2 /pointing /pressure BrO ( = 0.3 !!) O3 isotopes HCl (HOCl, ClO)
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TELIS (Terahertz Limb Sounder)
TELIS-MIPAS at Esrange, Sweden; March 2009; January 2010; March 2011 Balloon size: 400 000 m3; Payload weight: 1 200 kg Altitude: 40 km (max); Duration: 12 hours


Spectra measured at limb-sounding limb-sounding
FFO Freq = 495 GHz Orbit ­ 30 km; Increment

­

1.5 km,

Tangent: 10.5 ­ 30 km 45 degrees up

O3

Down-converted Frequency, GHz

14

Down-converted Frequency, GHz


Second TELIS flight flight January 2010; Esrange, Sweden


Future SIR applications
New balloon missions

Space project "Millimetron"

High-altitude airplanes

Ground-space interferometer

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Medical applications
Non-invasive Non-invasive medical diagnostics based on analysis of exhaled air
· · human exhalation contains up to 600 volatile compounds some of them can be used as markers of diseases NO NH3 CH4 CS2 H2O2 Blood disease, asthma, oxidative stress di th id ti Diseases of respiratory tract, oncology Diseases of gastro-enteric tract, liver, kidney tract Malabsorption of hydrocarbons Markers of coronary arteries diseases, schizophrenia Radiation injury, asthma

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Gas Spectra Detection

1500 1000 500
Intensity (mV) NH3 (p= 5*10
-3

mbar)

0 -500 -1000 -1500 572,485

572,490

572,495

572,500

572,505

572,510

Frequency (GHz)


Conclusion
· · · Concept of the Phase-locked SIR is developed and proven. Nb-AlN-NbN FFOs and SIRs have been successfully implemented. ll New generation of the SIR with PL FFO for TELIS: Frequency range 470 ­ 670 GHz; Noise temperature < 120 ; IF bandwidth 4 - 8 GHz; Spectral resolution better 1 MHz; System stability (spectroscopic Allan variance) 20 sec; Beam Pattern - FWHM = 3 deg, with sidelobes < - 17 dB. Procedure for remote SIR operation has been developed and experimentally proven. 3 successful TELIS flights have been completed in March 2009, January 2010 and March 2011 at Esrange (Kiruna, Sweden). Future space and ground-base missions are under consideration. missions SIR Technology is mature enough for future space missions, non-invasive medical diagnostic, and security applications.

· · · ·