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Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Oscillator V.P. Koshelets1,2, S.V. Shitov1,2, P.N. Dmitriev1, A.B. Ermakov1, L.V.Filippenko1, P. Yagoubov2, R. Hoogeveen2, T. de Graauw2 P.R. Wesselius2, S. Kohjiro3, Z. Wang4 Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia National Institute for Space Research (SRON), Groningen, the Netherlands National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan 4 Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
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ABSTRACT The Josephson Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) has proven to be a perfect on-chip local oscillator for integrated submm receivers. Local oscillators based on Nb-AlOx-Nb FFOs have been successfully tested from about 120 to 700 GHz (gap frequency of Nb) providing enough power to pump an SIS-mixer (about 1 µW at 450 GHz); both the frequency and the power of the FFO can be dc-tuned. Recently a possibility of FFO phase locking has been experimentally proven for the first time for ANY type of Josephson oscillator. The concept of a fully Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) has been developed and experimentally demonstrated in a tight collaboration between the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE-Moscow) and the Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON-Groningen). A single-chip submm wave receiver includes a planar antenna integrated with a SIS mixer, pumped by an internal superconducting FFO as local oscillator (LO). A DSB noise temperature below 100 K has been demonstrated around 500 GHz. A compact array of 9 SIRs has been developed and tested. Each pixel contains an internally pumped receiver chip, which is mounted on the back of an elliptical silicon lens. A breadboard of a superconducting integrated spectrometer with a phase-locked FFO has been tested showing that the frequency resolution of the full receiver is as low as 10 kHz at 364 GHz. The effect of broadening of a spectral line of SO2 gas at 326,867 MHz is measured for a laboratory gas cell at 300 K within the pressure range of 30-300 mbar. This study provides an important input for future development of a balloon-based 500-650 GHz integrated receiver for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) scheduled to fly in 2004-2005. To extend an operational frequency of SIR above 0.7 THz, the gap frequency of Nb, an NbN-based flux-flow-type Josephson oscillator has been developed and preliminary tested. These experimental results indicate that FFOs with high-JC NbN/AlN/NbN junctions are applicable for an on-chip LO up to 1 THz. First results for linewidth measurements of NbN/AlN/NbN junctions will be presented.