Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.cplire.ru/html/lab234/pubs/2006_4.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Tue Jan 9 01:36:00 2007 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 06:59:27 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: m 5

Integrated Submillimeter Receiver for TELIS
Valery Koshelets, Vladimir Borisov, Pavel Dmitriev, Andrey Ermakov, Lyudmila Filippenko, Andrey Khudchenko, Oleg Kiselev, Irina Lapitskaya Alexander Sobolev, and Mikhail Torgashin
Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia http://www.cplire.ru/html/lab234

Pavel Yagoubov, Ruud Hoogeveen
National Institute for Space Research (SRON), the Netherlands http://www.sron.nl
The work was supported by the RFBR projects 06-02-17206, ISTC project # 3174, NATO SfP Grant 981415, and the President Grant for Scientific School 7812.2006.2
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ABSTRACT
We present results of a single-chip superconducting integrated receiver development for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon project. TELIS is a collaborative European project to build a three-channel heterodyne balloon-based spectrometer for measuring a variety of the stratosphere constituents. The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with a superconductor-insulatorsuperconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. An improved design of the FFO for TELIS has been developed and optimized. A free-running linewidth between 9 and 2 MHz has been measured in the frequency range 500 ­ 710 GHz. As a result the spectral ratio of the phased-locked FFO varies from 35 to 90 % correspondingly, ensuring that at least half of the phase-locked FFO power in the primary frequency range for TELIS (550-650 GHz). The FFO performance required for successful TELIS operation and an influence of FFO linewidth imperfections on retrieval procedure are discussed. All receiver components (including input optical elements and Martin-Puplett polarization rotating interferometer for single side band operation) will be mounted on a single 4.2 K plate inside a 240x180x80 mm3 box. New generation of the SIR for TELIS with improved FFO performance has been developed and preliminary tested. First measurements give an uncorrected double side band (DSB) noise temperature below 250 K measured with the phase-locked FFO; more detailed results are presented at the conference. It is important to ensure that tuning of a phase-locked (PL) SIR can be performed remotely by telecommand. For this purpose a number of approaches for the PL SIR automatic computer control have been developed and tested.

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Integrated Submillimeter Receiver for TELIS
Outline
· Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) with phased-locked FFO; · TErahertz LImb Sounder (TELIS) · FFO frequency and power tuning, Linewidth and Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO; · SIR noise temperature and SIR remote operation; · NbN FFO and SIR ­ first implementation; · Cryogenic Phase Detector for SIR; · Conclusion
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Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR)
APPLICATIONS
· · · Airborne Receiver for Atmospheric Research and Environmental Monitoring; Radio Astronomy Large Imaging Array Receiver Laboratory MM & subMM Spectrometer

STATE OF THE ART
· · · · Single chip Nb-AlOx-Nb SIS receivers with superconducting FFO has been studied at frequencies from 100 to 700 GHz A DSB receiver noise temperature as low as 90 K has been achieved at 500 GHz 9-pixel Imaging Array Receiver has been successfully tested Phase Locking (PLL) up to 700 GHz
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Schematics of PLL SIR
4 K dewar

SIR chip
SIS mixer
Harmonic mixer
FFO as LO 550-650 GHz

HEM T 4-8 G H z

IF Processor & DAC

20 GHz reference

C om puter controlled data acquisition sy stem
Electronics FFO , SIS, H M control

HEM T
4 GHz

PLL
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LSU

400 M H z reference
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TELIS - TErahertz LImb Sounder
TELIS Objectives: Measure many species for atmospheric science Serve as a test platform for new sensors Serve as validation tool for future satellite missions Three independent frequency channels, cryogenic heterodyne receivers:
500 GHz by RAL 600-650 GHz by SRON-IREE 1.8 THz by DLR (PI)
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Example spectrum of HCl
HCl spectrum, 2 km intervals, total atmosphere to 60 km 250

Signal power (K)

200 150 100 50 0 624.5
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15 25 35 37 39 40 45

km km km km km km dgrs up

625

625.5 frequency (GHz)

626

626.5
7

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TELIS-SIR Main Parameters
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Description Value Input frequency range, GHz (Base line) 600 ­ 650 Input frequency range, GHz (Goal) 550 ­ 650 Minimum noise temperature in the range (DSB), K 250 Output IF range, GHz 4-8 Spectral resolution (width of the spectral channel), MHz 1 Contribution to the nearest spectral channel by phased locked FFO -20 (dynamic range of the spectrometer), dB Contribution to a spectral channel by phased locked FFO at 4-6 GHz 20 offset from the carrier, K LO frequency net (distance between nearest settings of the PL FFO < 300 frequency), MHz Dissipated power at 4.2 K stage (including IF amplifiers chain), mW 100 Operation temperature, K < 4.5

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Photo of the SIR-TELIS channel

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Beam Pattern of the SIR for TELIS

-6
6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

4

2

0

-2

-4

-6

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SIR Microcircuit for TELIS
4 x 4 x 0.5 mm3 (Si) Nb-AlOx-Nb Jc = 5 - 8 kA/cm Optionally: SIS ­ Jc = 8 kA/cm
2 2 2

FFO + HM = 4 kA/cm

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SIR Microcircuit for TELIS
Twin SIS ­ 0.8 µm
2

FFO ­ 400 x 8 µm HM ­ 1.0 µm
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2

2

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IVCs of the FFO of T3 design measured at different CL currents (red = > 25% of SIS Ig)

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IVCs of the SIS-mixer of T3 design; f FFO = 522, 600 and 650 GHz

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FFO + SIS; Power Control

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FFO linewidth and Spectral Ratio PL FFO on its oscillation frequency.
25
Free running FFO Linewidth (MHz) Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO (%)
16

FFO Linewidth Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO

100

20

80

15

60

10

40

5

20

0 450

500

550

600

650

700

0 750

FFO frequency (GHz)
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Normalized FFO Linewidth
2e f := h 2 (R d + K R
dCL

2 e ( Iqp) coth e V + 2 e ( Is) coth e V + 1 2 e ) k T 2 h 2 b 2 k b T

(R d + R

dCL I lf

)

1,6
Normalized FFO Linewidth

1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 500 550

Jc = 8.5 kA/c m ; K = 0 .2 5 2 Jc = 5.8 kA/c m ; K = 0 .1 5 2 Jc = 4.2 kA/c m ; K = 0 .0

2

6 00

650

700

FFO Fre que nc y (G Hz )
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Linewidth of free-running FFOs and SR for the PL FFO as a function of FFO width (RnS =30 *µm2)
30 25 FFO Linewidth (MHz) 20 15 10 5 0 4 6 8
, , , fFFO = 526 GHz fFFO = 616 GHz fFFO = 706 GHz

90 75 60 45 30 15 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Spectral Ratio of the PLL FFO (%)
18

FFO Width, W (µm)
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Y-factor of the SIR,
T= 2.1 K, VSIS = 2.2 mV, IF = 4.3 GHz

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Uncorrected Tn (DSB) , T=4.2 K, for different TELIS-SIR designs;
peak at 557 GHz is due to water line

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Remote optimization of the PLL SIR operation (3-D)

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Remote optimization of the PLL SIR operation (2-D and 1-D)

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ESPRIT ­ Exploratory Submm Space RadioInterferometric Telescope
· · · · · Telescope sizes ~ 3.5 meter ; off-axis Number of elements N = 6 (15 baselines) Frequencies: Spots in the range 0.5 ­ 6 THz Projected baselines 200 - 1000 meter Front Ends (0.5 ­ 1.5 THz) SIS mixers, multiplier LO/FFO (1.5 ­ 6 THz) HEB mixers, QCL as LO System temperature 1000 K IF bandwidth > 4 GHz (goal 8 GHz)

The six elements of ESPRIT in an Ariane 5

· ·

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Nb-AlN-NbN SIR ­ first implementation

FFO frequency 500 GHz 600 GHz 690 GHz

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Nb-AlN-NbN FFO ­ new features

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Nb-AlN-NbN FFO ­ phase-locking
-30 IF Output Power (dBm) AFrequency Locked FFO LW = 3.5 MHz

-40

B - Phase-Locked FFO SR = 70 %

B
-50

A

-60

597.36

597.38

597.40

597.42

597.44

FFO Frequency (GHz)
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Nb-AlN-NbN SIR (FFO frequency 510 GHz)

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Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO vs free running FFO linewidth
100
Experimental Data Theoretical Calculations

1.0
PLL BW=5 MHz PLL BW=15 MHz PLL BW=50 MHz

80

0.9
Spectral Ratio

Spectral Ratio (%)

60

0.8

40

0.7

20

0.6

0

0.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

10

20

30

40

50

Free-running FFO Linewidth (MHz)

Free running FFO linewidth (3 dB), MHz

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Block-diagram for the Cryogenic Phase Detector Tests

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SIS IVCs at 5 GHz and the difference current corresponding to phase shift on 180°

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Dependence of SIS current on the phase between two 5 GHz signals

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SIS Phase Detector output at DC and IF; two different frequencies applied

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Snow peak as high as 2 m ...

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... has been successfully integrated to the igloo

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Conclusion
· Concept of PL SIR is developed and tested. · Improved design of the FFO for TELIS has been developed and optimized; free-running linewidth from 9 to 2 MHz recorded in the frequency range 500 ­ 710 GHz that allows to phase lock from 35 up to 90 % of FFO power. · Third generation of the PL SIR IC for TELIS has been developed showing a possibility to realize TELIS requirements (Tn below 250 K from 550 up to 650 GHz). · Procedure for remote optimization of the PL SIR operation has been developed and experimentally proven. · NbN based FFO and SIR have been successfully tested. · Possibility to use SIS mixer as a core element for the ultrawideband cryogenic PLL system has been demonstrated.
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