Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес
оригинального документа
: http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/Education/whmfield.html
Дата изменения: Fri Mar 24 21:58:52 2006 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 18:50:36 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: aurora |
|
(Files in red–history) Index 1. Magnetosphere 1H. Gilbert, 1600 2. Magnetic Field 2H. Oersted, 1820 3. Aurora 3H. Birkeland 1895 3a. Loomis & Aurora 3b. Fritz & Aurora 3c. The Terrella |
Edmond Halley It was believed that the inside of the Earth was magnetized in the same fashion, and scientists were greatly puzzled when they found that the direction of the compass needle at any place slowly shifted, decade by decade, suggesting a slow variation of the Earth's magnetic field. How can an iron magnet produce such changes? Edmond Halley (of comet fame) ingeniously proposed that the Earth contained a number of spherical shells, one inside the other, each magnetized differently, each slowly rotating in relation to the others.
Hans Christian Oersted was a professor of science at Copenhagen University. In 1820 he arranged in his home a science demonstration to friends and students. He planned to demonstrate the heating of a wire by an electric current, and also to carry out demonstrations of magnetism, for which he provided a compass needle mounted on a wooden stand.
|
Oersted's Experiment While performing his electric demonstration, Oersted noted to his surprise that every time the electric current was switched on, the compass needle moved. He kept quiet and finished the demonstrations, but in the months that followed worked hard trying to make sense out of the new phenomenon. What Oersted saw... But he couldn't! The needle was neither attracted to the wire nor repelled from it. Instead, it tended to stand at right angles (see drawing below). In the end he published his findings (in Latin!) without any explanation. |
Repeat Oersted's Experiment !
Note:This experiment can also be performed on top of a projector in the classroom, for the entire class to watch. See Teaching about Magnetism.You will need:
Questions from Users: *** On building an electromagnet Futher reading:--look up in an encyclopaedia "Halley, Edmond", "Oersted, Hans Christian", "Ampere, Andre-Marie" and "Maxwell, James Clerk."--"From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves" by Emilio Segre, W.H. Freeman and Co., 1984, gives a very good account of the history of electricity and magnetism (and of physics up to 1895). Segre, who won the Nobel prize in physics, wrote in a clear style with many insights and anecdotes about the discoveries which laid the foundations of physics. --"Oersted and the Discovery of Electromagnetism" by Bern Dibner (Blaisdell Publ. Co., 1962), a slim book with details about Oersted and his time. --"Andre-Marie Ampere" by L.Pearce Williams, Scientific American January 1989, p. 90. --"Edmond Halley, Geophysicist" by Michael E. Evans, Physics Today, February 1988, p. 41-45.
|
Next Stop: #3. The Polar Aurora
Author and Curator: Dr. David P. Stern
Mail to Dr.Stern: education("at" symbol)phy6.org
Co-author: Dr. Mauricio Peredo
Spanish translation by J. Méndez