A Brief History of Magnetospheric Physics
Before the Spaceflight Era

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Early Work on Geomagnetism
4. The Sunspot Cycle
5. Electron Beams from the Sun?
6. The Chapman-Ferraro Cavity
7. The Ring Current
8. Alfvén's Theory and Electric Fields
9. Interplanetary Plasma
10. Polar Magnetic Storms
11. Assessment

Iijima, Takesi and Thomas A. Potemra, The amplitude distribution of field-aligned currents at northern high latitudes observed by Triad, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2165-2174, 1976.

Lamont, J., Ann. Phys. Leipzig, 84, 580, 1852.

Lang, Kenneth R., and Owen Gingerich (Eds.), Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1900-1975, pp. 122-124, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1979.

Lindemann, Frederick A., Note on the theory of magnetic storms, Philos. Mag., 38, 669, 1919.

Loomis, Elias, On the geographical distribution of auroras in the northern hemisphere, Am. J. Sci. Arts, 30, 89, 1860.

Lüst, Reimar, Interplanetary plasma, Space Sci. Rev., 1, 522-552,1962.

Malin, Stuart, British world magnetic charts, Q. J. R. Astron. Soc., 10, 309-316, 1969.

Malin, Stuart, and Edward Bullard, The direction of the Earth's magnetic field at London, 1570-1975, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 299, 357-423, 1981.

Martyn, David F., The theory of magnetic storms and auroras, Nature, 167, 92-94,1951.

Maunder, E. Walter, Magnetic disturbances, 1882 to 1903, as recorded at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and their association with sun-spots, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 65, 2-34,1904.

Meadows, Arthur J., Early Solar Physics, 312 pp., Pergamon, New York, 1970.

Meadows, Arthur J., and J. E. Kennedy, The origin of solar-terrestrial studies, Vistas Astron., 25, 419-426,1982.

Mitchell, Crichton, Chapters in the history of terrestrial magnetism, I, On the directive properties of a magnet in the Earth's field and the origin of the nautical compass, J. Geophys. Res., 37, 105-146, 1932.

Mitchell, Crichton, Chapters in the history of terrestrial magnetism, 2, The discovery of the magnetic declination, J. Geophys. Res., 42, 242-280, 1937.

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Neugebauer, Marcia, and Conway W. Snyder, Mariner 2 observations of the solar wind, I, Average properties, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 4469-4484, 1966.

Newton, Harold W., The 27-day period in terrestrial magnetic disturbances, Observatory, 55, 256-261, 1932.

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Nutting, P. G., Stoermer's work on the physics of the aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 13, 23-24, 1908.

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Schuster, Arthur, The origin of magnetic storms, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 85, 61,1911.

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Silsbee, H. C., and Ernest H. Vestine, Geomagnetic bays, their frequency and current systems, J. Geophys. Res., 47, 195-208, 1942.

Singer, S. Fred, A new model of magnetic storms and aurorae, Eos (Trans. AGU), 38, 175-190, 1957.

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Smith, Edward J., Theoretical and experimental aspects of ring currents, in Space Science, edited by Donald LeGalley, pp. 316-373, John Wiley, New York, 1963.

Snyder, Conway W., M. Neugebauer, and U. R. Rao, The solar wind velocity and its correlation with cosmic ray variations and with solar and geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 6361-6370, 1963.

Stem, David P., Large-scale electric fields in the Earth's magnetosphere, Rev. Geophys., 15, 156-194, 1977.

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Stoermer, Carl, Sur les trajectories des corpuscules electrises dans l'espace sous l'actions des magnetisme terrestre avec application aux auarores boréales, seconde memoire, Arch Sci. Phys. Nat., Ser. 4, 32, 117-123, 190-219, 277-314, 415-436, 505-509, 1911.

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Stoermer, Carl, Corpuscular theory of the aurora borealis, J. Geophys. Res., 22, 23-34, 97-112, 1917.

Stoermer, Carl, The Polar Aurora, 403 pp., Oxford University Press, New York, 1955.

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Zirker, Jack, Coronal holes and high-speed wind streams, Rev. Geophys., 15, 257-270, 1977.

Zmuda, Alfred, and James Armstrong, The diurnal pattern of field-aligned currents, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4611-4619, 1974.

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Author and Curator:   Dr. David P. Stern
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