Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.cosmos.ru/earth/ppt2005/loboda.pdf Дата изменения: Thu Dec 22 16:31:54 2005 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 04:34:03 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: deep sky

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:
· . , , , . · , , . · , , e .


: · ­ FRP (Kaufman et al., 1998; Giglio and Justice, 2003; Wooster et al., 2003) · (van Wagtendonk et al., 2004)


Fire Radiative Power (FRP)
· (Kaufman et al., 1998; Wooster et al. 2003):

FRP =
· · · · · A= = = fi = Ti=

A

sa



f T
i =1 i

n

4 i

[MW]

the total area of the satellite pixel [m2] fire emissivity Stephan-Boltzmann constant [5.67x10-8 J-1m-2K-4] fractional area of the ith thermal component temperature of the ith thermal component [K].


FRP (1): ()
19 2003 14:19:17

ASTER 8-3-1 RGB ASTER fire mask MODIS active fire product; : , :


FRP (2): ()
26.09 44.51

7.84

17.28


, FRP (1):
() FRP MODIS

FRPa = FRP в n /

k
i =1

n

i

where ki ­ ASTER MODIS fi ( ASTER) Ti ASTER .


FRP [MW] (1): ()
26.09 69.81 44.51 63.03

ORIGINAL ADJUSTED

7.84 31.26

17.28 20.84


FRP [MW] (2): ()
69.27 120.53 63.98 126.62

ORIGINAL CORRECTED

37.78 74.43

55.92 96.71


, FRP (2):
140 120 y = 0.6109x + 0.6395 R2 = 0.8539

Total FRP (MW)

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250

Number of ASTER fire pixels


FRP
1. (Wooster et al., 2003) FRP 2. , FRP : · MODIS · «» ASTER MODIS



Normalized Burn Ratio ( )

R4 - R7 NBR = R4 + R7
where R4 = band 4 (0.76-0.90 m) reflectance R7 = band 7 (2.08-2.35 m) reflectance.

Normalized Difference Burn Ratio dNBR = NBRpreburn - NBR
postburn


DNBR (MODIS (500m):
Landsat/ET M+Path 122 Row 15 Aug 16, 2001


MODIS (500m) : () 2003.

MODIS active fire detections


DNBR (MODIS (500m):
200,000 175,000 150,000 area burned (ha) 125,000 100,000 75,000 50,000 25,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 scar numbe r
200,000 175,000 MODIS dnbr ba (ha) 150,000 125,000 100,000 75,000 50,000 25,000 0 0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000 La ndsa t ba (ha ) y = 1. 0156x + 2069.1 R2 = 0.9925

Landsat ba (ha) MODIS af MODIS dnbr ba MODIS ba


DNBR
1. DNBR 2. , DNBR . 3. DNBR .


FRP DNBR (1):

ETM+ burn severity index

2002 WRS-2 125/017

MODIS Fire Radiative Power


FRP DNBR (2):

dNBR 2004. (WRS-2 path/row 66/15)

ASTER FRP MODIS. 21 2004.


FRP DNBR (2):
160 140

250

Adjusted total FRP (MW)

y = 0.0989x + 3.0752 2 R = 0.2212

200

y = 0.1906x - 2.1984 2 R = 0.322

Total FRP (MW)

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

150

100

50

0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Mean dNBR

Mean dNBR



1. FRP DNBR 2. . 3. , FRP DNBR .



NASA : · the Earth System Science Fellowship "Impact of Climate and Land Use Change on Fire Threat and the Amur Tiger" Grant NNG04GR15H. · "Biomass Burning Observations in Northern Eurasia" Grant NNG04GC82G · New Investigator Program "Intercalibration of fire products from AVHRR and MODIS in Northern Eurasia" Grant NAG512667