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Пулинец С.А. Low-Latitude Atmosphere-Ionosphere Effects Initiated by Strong
Earthquakes Preparation Process
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International
Journal of Geophysics Volume 2012, Article ID 131842, 14 pages doi:10.1155/2012/131842
Sergey Pulinets Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
Received 6 December
2011; Revised 9 March 2012; Accepted 18 March 2012
Academic Editor:
Yuichi Otsuka
Copyright
ї 2012 Sergey Pulinets.
This is an open
access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited. Ionospheric
and atmospheric anomalies registered around the time of strong earthquakes in
low-latitude regions are reported now regularly. Majority of these reports have
the character of case studies without clear physical mechanism proposed. Here
we try to present the general conception of low-latitude effects using the
results of the recent author's publications, including also rethinking the
earlier results interpreted basing on recently established background physical
mechanisms of anomalies generation. It should be underlined that only processes
initiated by earthquake preparation are considered. Segregation of low-latitude
regions for special consideration is connected with the important role of ionospheric equatorial anomaly in the seismoionospheric
coupling and specific character of low-latitude earthquake initiated effects.
Three main specific features can be marked in low-latitude ionospheric
anomalies manifestation: the presence of magnetic conjugacy
in majority of cases, local longitudinal asymmetry of effects observed in
ionosphere in relation to the vertical projection of epicenter onto ionosphere,
and equatorial anomaly reaction even on earthquakes outside equatorial anomaly
(i.e., 30-40 LAT). The equality of effects morphology regardless they observed
over land or over sea implies only one possible
explanation that these anomalies are initiated by gaseous emanations from the
Earth crust, and radon plays the major role.